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El-Damasy AK, Park JE, Kim HJ, Lee J, Bang EK, Kim H, Keum G. Identification of New N-methyl-piperazine Chalcones as Dual MAO-B/AChE Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010083. [PMID: 36678580 PMCID: PMC9860728 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) have been considered target enzymes of depression and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, seventeen N-methyl-piperazine chalcones were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities were evaluated against the target enzymes. Compound 2k (3-trifluoromethyl-4-fluorinated derivative) showed the highest selective inhibition against MAO-B with an IC50 of 0.71 μM and selectivity index (SI) of 56.34, followed by 2n (2-fluoro-5-bromophenyl derivative) (IC50 = 1.11 μM, SI = 16.04). Compounds 2k and 2n were reversible competitive MAO-B inhibitors with Ki values of 0.21 and 0.28 μM, respectively. Moreover, 2k and 2n effectively inhibited AChE with IC50 of 8.10 and 4.32 μM, which underscored their multi-target inhibitory modes. Interestingly, compound 2o elicited remarkable inhibitions over MAO-B, AChE, and BChE with IC50 of 1.19-3.87 μM. A cell-based assay of compounds 2k and 2n against Vero normal cells pointed out their low cytotoxicity. In a docking simulation, 2k showed the lowest energy for MAO-B (-11.6 kcal/mol) with four hydrogen bonds and two π-π interactions. Furthermore, in silico studies were conducted, and disclosed that 2k and 2n are expected to possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties, such as the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In view of these findings, compounds 2k and 2n could serve as promising potential candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf K. El-Damasy
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.K.E.-D.); (H.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Bang
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.K.E.-D.); (H.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.K.E.-D.); (H.K.); (G.K.)
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Mathew B, Oh JM, Baty RS, Batiha GES, Parambi DGT, Gambacorta N, Nicolotti O, Kim H. Piperazine-substituted chalcones: a new class of MAO-B, AChE, and BACE-1 inhibitors for the treatment of neurological disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38855-38866. [PMID: 33743158 PMCID: PMC7980107 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Eleven piperazine-containing 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives (PC1-PC11) were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidases (MAOs), cholinesterases (ChEs), and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) with a view toward developing new treatments for neurological disorders. Compounds PC10 and PC11 remarkably inhibited MAO-B with IC50 values of 0.65 and 0.71 μM, respectively. Ten of the eleven compounds weakly inhibited AChE and BChE with > 50% of residual activities at 10 μM, although PC4 inhibited AChE by 56.6% (IC50 = 8.77 μM). Compound PC3 effectively inhibited BACE-1 (IC50 = 6.72 μM), and PC10 and PC11 moderately inhibited BACE-1 (IC50 =14.9 and 15.3 μM, respectively). Reversibility and kinetic studies showed that PC10 and PC11 were reversible and competitive inhibitors of MAO-B with Ki values of 0.63 ± 0.13 and 0.53 ± 0.068 μM, respectively. ADME predictions for lead compounds revealed that PC10 and PC11 have central nervous system (CNS) drug-likeness. Molecular docking simulations showed that fluorine atom and trifluoromethyl group on PC10 and PC11, respectively, interacted with the substrate cavity of the MAO-B active site. Our results suggested that PC10 and PC11 can be considered potential candidates for the treatment of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, India.
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Roua S Baty
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jo, uf-2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of fluorinated indanone derivatives as potential positron emission tomography agents for the imaging of monoamine oxidase B in the brain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128254. [PMID: 34256118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a key role in the metabolism of major monoamine neurotransmitters. In particular, the upregulation of MAO-B in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and cancer augmented the development of selective MAO-B inhibitors for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, such as the anti-parkinsonian MAO-B irreversible binder l-deprenyl (Selegiline®). Herein we report on the synthesis of novel fluorinated indanone derivatives for PET imaging of MAO-B in the brain. Out of our series, the derivatives 6, 8, 9 and 13 are amongst the most affine and selective ligands for MAO-B reported so far. For the derivative 6-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (6) exhibiting an outstanding affinity (KiMAO-B = 6 nM), an automated copper-mediated radiofluorination starting from the pinacol boronic ester 17 is described. An in vitro screening in different species revealed a MAO-B region-specific accumulation of [18F]6 in rats and piglets in comparison to L-[3H]deprenyl. The pre-clinical in vivo assessment of [18F]6 in mice demonstrated the potential of indanones to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Nonetheless, parallel in vivo metabolism studies indicated the presence of blood-brain barrier metabolites, thus arguing for further structural modifications. With the matching analytical profiles of the radiometabolite analysis from the in vitro liver microsome studies and the in vivo evaluation, the structure's elucidation of the blood-brain barrier penetrant radiometabolites is possible and will serve as basis for the development of new indanone derivatives suitable for the PET imaging of MAO-B.
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