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Zhang L, Ren C, Liu J, Huang S, Wu C, Zhang J. Development and therapeutic implications of small molecular inhibitors that target calcium-related channels in tumor treatment. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103995. [PMID: 38670255 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ion dysregulation exerts profound effects on various physiological activities such as tumor proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. Calcium-related channels play a regulatory role in maintaining calcium ion homeostasis, with most channels being highly expressed in tumor cells. Additionally, these channels serve as potential drug targets for the development of antitumor medications. In this review, we first discuss the current research status of these pathways, examining how they modulate various tumor functions such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolism, and drug resistance. Simultaneously, we summarize the recent progress in the study of novel small-molecule drugs over the past 5 years and their current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Zhang
- China Medical University-Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chengyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity and Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Park S, Das R, Nhiem NX, Jeong SB, Kim M, Kim D, Oh HI, Cho SH, Kwon OB, Choi JH, Park CS, Kim SR, Moon UY, Cha B, Choi DK, Lee S, Namkung W, Woo J, Seo Y. ANO1-downregulation induced by schisandrathera D: a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate and oral cancers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1163970. [PMID: 37274097 PMCID: PMC10232832 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1163970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), a drug target for various cancers, including prostate and oral cancers, is an intracellular calcium-activated chloride ion channel that plays various physiopathological roles, especially in the induction of cancer growth and metastasis. In this study, we tested a novel compound isolated from Schisandra sphenanthera, known as schisandrathera D, for its inhibitory effect on ANO1. Schisandrathera D dose-dependently suppressed the ANO1 activation-mediated decrease in fluorescence of yellow fluorescent protein; however, it did not affect the adenosine triphosphate-induced increase in the intracellular calcium concentration or forskolin-induced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity. Specifically, schisandrathera D gradually decreased the levels of ANO1 protein and significantly reduced the cell viability in ANO1-expressing cells when compared to those in ANO1-knockout cells. These effects could be attributed to the fact that schisandrathera D displayed better binding capacity to ANO1 protein than the previously known ANO1 inhibitor, Ani9. Finally, schisandrathera D increased the levels of caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, thereby indicating that its anticancer effect is mediated through apoptosis. Thus, this study highlights that schisandrathera D, which reduces ANO1 protein levels, has apoptosis-mediated anticancer effects in prostate and oral cancers, and thus, can be further developed into an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Das
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine and Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sung Baek Jeong
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minuk Kim
- Department of Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDI hub), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongguk Kim
- Department of Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDI hub), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Oh
- Underwood Division Economics, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Cho
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Bin Kwon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeog Choi
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Department of Bio-nanomaterials, Bio Campus of Korea Polytechnics, Nonsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Rae Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Yeol Moon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Boksik Cha
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Choi
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Woo
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Seo
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Guo S, Zhang L, Li N. ANO1: More Than Just Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922838. [PMID: 35734591 PMCID: PMC9207239 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ANO1, a calcium-activated chloride channel (CACC), is also known as transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A). It plays a vital role in the occurrence, development, metastasis, proliferation, and apoptosis of various malignant tumors. This article reviews the mechanism of ANO1 involved in the replication, proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of various malignant tumors. Various molecules and Stimuli control the expression of ANO1, and the regulatory mechanism of ANO1 is different in tumor cells. To explore the mechanism of ANO1 overexpression and activation of tumor cells by studying the different effects of ANO1. Current studies have shown that ANO1 expression is controlled by 11q13 gene amplification and may also exert cell-specific effects through its interconnected protein network, phosphorylation of different kinases, and signaling pathways. At the same time, ANO1 also resists tumor apoptosis and promotes tumor immune escape. ANO1 can be used as a promising biomarker for detecting certain malignant tumors. Further studies on the channels and the mechanism of protein activity of ANO1 are needed. Finally, the latest inhibitors of ANO1 are summarized, which provides the research direction for the tumor-promoting mechanism of ANO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Linna Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Drug-Targeted Genomes: Mutability of Ion Channels and GPCRs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030594. [PMID: 35327396 PMCID: PMC8945769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of ion channels and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are not uncommon and can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Given previously reported multiple factors associated with high mutation rates, we sorted the relative mutability of multiple human genes by (i) proximity to telomeres and/or (ii) high adenine and thymine (A+T) content. We extracted genomic information using the genome data viewer and examined the mutability of 118 ion channel and 143 GPCR genes based on their association with factors (i) and (ii). We then assessed these two factors with 31 genes encoding ion channels or GPCRs that are targeted by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Out of the 118 ion channel genes studied, 80 met either factor (i) or (ii), resulting in a 68% match. In contrast, a 78% match was found for the 143 GPCR genes. We also found that the GPCR genes (n = 20) targeted by FDA-approved drugs have a relatively lower mutability than those genes encoding ion channels (n = 11), where targeted genes encoding GPCRs were shorter in length. The result of this study suggests that the use of matching rate analysis on factor-druggable genome is feasible to systematically compare the relative mutability of GPCRs and ion channels. The analysis on chromosomes by two factors identified a unique characteristic of GPCRs, which have a significant relationship between their nucleotide sizes and proximity to telomeres, unlike most genetic loci susceptible to human diseases.
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Abstract
TMEM16A Ca2+-activated chloride channels are involved in multiple cellular functions and are proposed targets for diseases such as hypertension, stroke, and cystic fibrosis. This therapeutic endeavor, however, suffers from paucity of selective and potent modulators. Here, exploiting a synthetic small molecule with a biphasic effect on the TMEM16A channel, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), we shed light on sites of the channel amenable for pharmacological intervention. Mutant channels with the intracellular gate constitutively open were generated. These channels were entirely insensitive to extracellular A9C when intracellular Ca2+ was omitted. However, when physiological Ca2+ levels were reestablished, the mutants regained sensitivity to A9C. Thus, intracellular Ca2+ is mandatory for the channel response to an extracellular modulator. The underlying mechanism is a conformational change in the outer pore that enables A9C to enter the pore to reach its binding site. The explanation of this structural rearrangement highlights a critical site for pharmacological intervention and reveals an aspect of Ca2+ gating in the TMEM16A channel.
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Anoctamin1 Induces Hyperproliferation of HaCaT Keratinocytes and Triggers Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137145. [PMID: 34281197 PMCID: PMC8268182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, a long-lasting and multifactorial skin disease, is related to comorbidities such as metabolic disease, depression, and psoriatic arthritis. Psoriasis occurs due to a variety of factors including keratinocyte hyperproliferation, inflammation, and abnormal differentiation. Proinflammatory cytokines upregulated by increased activation of keratinocytes and immune cells in the skin trigger progression of psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of anoctamin1 (ANO1) on psoriasis development in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes and ANO1-related ERK and AKT signaling pathways after ANO1 inhibitor (T16Ainh-A01 and Ani9) treatment and knock-down of ANO1. Furthermore, after applying imiquimod (IMQ) cream or coapplying IMQ cream and T16Ainh-A01 on mouse ears, we not only observed psoriatic symptoms, including ear thickening, but also quantified the effects of treatment on ERK and AKT signaling-involved proteins and proinflammatory cytokines. Inhibition of ANO1 attenuated the proliferation of HaCaT cells and induced reduction of pERK1/2. Coapplication of IMQ and T16Ainh-A01 on ears of mice reduced not only symptoms of IMQ-induced psoriasis such as thickening and erythema, but also expression of ANO1 and pERK1/2 compared to that of application of IMQ alone. In addition, the expression levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α increased after applying IMQ and were significantly reduced by coapplying IMQ and T16Ainh-A01. These results aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms of ANO1 in epidermal layer keratinocyte hyperproliferation and suggest the potential of ANO1 as a target to treat psoriasis.
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