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Lu T, Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Li Y, Qi Z. Surfactant-mediated mobility of carbon dots in saturated soil: comparison between anionic and cationic surfactants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37622-37633. [PMID: 36572776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mobility, retention, and fate of carbon dots (CDs) is critical for the risk management of this emerging carbon material. However, the influences of surfactants on CDs' transport through subsurface media are still poorly understood. Herein, column experiments were conducted to explore the different influences of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), on the CDs' transport in water-saturated soil. In the Na+ background electrolyte, both surfactants facilitated the transport of CDs at pH 7.0. The trend stemmed from steric hindrance, a decline in the straining effect, and competitive deposition between CDs and surfactant molecules. Additionally, SDBS increased the electrostatic repulsion of CDs and soil. Interestingly, in the divalent cation background electrolytes (i.e., Ca2+ or Cu2+), SDBS suppressed CDs' mobility, whereas CTAB had the opposite effect. The transport-inhibited effect of SDBS was mainly due to anionic surfactant ion (DBS-) precipitation with metal cations and the formation of adsorbed SDBS-Cu2+/Ca2+-CDs complexes. The enhanced effect of CTAB resulted from the CTAB coating on soil grains, which suppressed the cation bridging between CDs and soil. Furthermore, the magnitude of the SDBS promotion effect was pH-dependent. Surprisingly, CTAB could inhibit CDs' mobility at pH 9.0, owing to the binding cationic surfactant's strong hydrophobicity effect on the soil surface. Moreover, the experimental breakthrough curves of CDs were well described using a two-site transport model. Overall, the observations obtained from this study shed light on the relative mobility of CDs with different surfactants in typical groundwater conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Lu
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology Institute of the Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- The Testing Center of Shandong Bureau of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Chen J, Xie L, Zhang Q, Wei Q, Farooq U, Chen W, Miao R, Qi Z. `Anionic surfactant-assisted the transport of carbon dots through saturated soil and its variation with aqueous chemistry. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Advanced Nanoscale Surface Characterization of CuO Nanoflowers for Significant Enhancement of Catalytic Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092700. [PMID: 34064537 PMCID: PMC8124738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, advanced nanoscale surface characterization of CuO Nanoflowers synthesized by controlled hydrothermal approach for significant enhancement of catalytic properties has been investigated. The CuO nanoflower samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), high-angular annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) with elemental mapping, energy dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques. The nanoscale analysis of the surface study of monodispersed individual CuO nanoflower confirmed the fine crystalline shaped morphology composed of ultrathin leaves, monoclinic structure and purified phase. The result of HR-TEM shows that the length of one ultrathin leaf of copper oxide nanoflower is about ~650–700 nm, base is about ~300.77 ± 30 nm and the average thickness of the tip of individual ultrathin leaf of copper oxide nanoflower is about ~10 ± 2 nm. Enhanced absorption of visible light ~850 nm and larger value of band gap energy (1.68 eV) have further supported that the as-grown material (CuO nanoflowers) is an active and well-designed surface morphology at the nanoscale level. Furthermore, significant enhancement of catalytic properties of copper oxide nanoflowers in the presence of H2O2 for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) with efficiency ~96.7% after 170 min was obtained. The results showed that the superb catalytic performance of well-fabricated CuO nanoflowers can open a new way for substantial applications of dye removal from wastewater and environment fields.
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