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Zhang G, Liu C, Yang L, Kong Y, Fan X, Zhang J, Liu X, Yuan B. A flame-retardant and conductive fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator: Application in fire alarm and emergency evacuation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:219-229. [PMID: 38104404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The fabrics commonly used in architectural decorative materials pose significant fire hazards due to their flammability and rapid fire spread. Moreover, the traditional fire-alarm systems may fail to function properly in complex fire environments owing to power supply disruptions. In this study, we developed a low-cost and eco-friendly flame-retardant conductive fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator (FCF-TENG) by integrating flame-retardant conductive nylon fabric and polytetrafluoroethylene soaked cotton fabric. This nanogenerator exhibits excellent flame-retardant properties and remarkable energy-harvesting capabilities. The nylon fabric, treated with layer-by-layer self-assembly method, possesses outstanding self-extinguishing capability and melt-dripping resistance. Additionally, the electrical performance of FCF-TENG significantly improves, with a 10-fold boost in conductivity, and the open-circuit voltage increases by 84% to 92 V. Besides, by incorporating the rectifier circuit, the FCF-TENG is capable of completely charging a 1 μF capacitor within 30 s. Furthermore, the FCF-TENG was successfully applied as a self-powered sensor in the fire-alarm system and served as a safety exit indicator for evacuees and fire rescue. This work presents an effective and innovative application of multifunctional smart textiles for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Zhang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Jianghe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 444200, China
| | - Lujia Yang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Kong
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Fan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Jianghe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 444200, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Bihe Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Kairytė A, Makowska S, Rybiński P, Strzelec K, Kremensas A, Šeputytė-Jucikė J, Vaitkus S. Effect of Liquid Glass-Modified Lignin Waste on the Flammability Properties of Biopolyurethane Foam Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:205. [PMID: 38257004 PMCID: PMC10819798 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Water-blown biopolyurethane (bioPUR) foams are flammable and emit toxic gases during combustion. Herein, a novel approach suggested by the current study is to use different amounts of lignin waste (LigW), which increases the thermal stability and delays the flame spread and sodium silicate (LG), which has foaming ability at high temperatures and acts as a protective layer during a fire. However, there have been no studies carried out to investigate the synergy between these two materials. Therefore, two different ratios, namely 1/1 and 1/2 of LigW/LG, were used to prepare bioPUR foam composites. The obtained bioPUR foam composites with a 1/2 ratio of LigW/LG exhibited inhibition of flame propagation during the ignitability test by 7 s, increased thermal stability at higher temperatures by 40 °C, reduced total smoke production by 17%, reduced carbon monoxide release by 22%, and increased compressive strength by a maximum of 123% and 36% and tensile strength by a maximum of 49% and 30% at 100 °C and 200 °C, respectively, compared to bioPUR foam composites with unmodified LigW. Additionally, thanks to the sufficient compatibility between the polymeric matrix and LigW/LG particles, bioPUR foam composites were characterised by unchanged or even improved physical and mechanical properties, as well as increased glass transition temperature by 16% compared to bioPUR foam composites with unmodified LigW particles, making them suitable for application as a thermal insulating layer in building envelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Kairytė
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų St. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.K.); (J.Š.-J.); (S.V.)
| | - Sylwia Makowska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (S.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Przemysław Rybiński
- Institute of Chemistry, The Jan Kochanowski University, Żeromskiego 5, 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Strzelec
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (S.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Arūnas Kremensas
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų St. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.K.); (J.Š.-J.); (S.V.)
| | - Jurga Šeputytė-Jucikė
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų St. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.K.); (J.Š.-J.); (S.V.)
| | - Saulius Vaitkus
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų St. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.K.); (J.Š.-J.); (S.V.)
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Sasimowski E, Samujło B, Grochowicz M, Majewski Ł. Flammability of Polymer Compositions Filled with Wheat Bran. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8955. [PMID: 36556765 PMCID: PMC9785185 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the results of flammability tests on polymer compositions with wheat bran (WB) as the applied filler, and polyethylene (PE) or poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as the matrix material. Tests were conducted using samples of compositions containing 10, 30 and 50%wt wheat bran. The test samples were manufactured by injection moulding from compositions previously produced by extrusion pelleting. For comparative purposes, samples made only of the plastics used for the composition matrix were also examined. Flammability tests were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of EN 60695-11-10 Part 11-10 with horizontal and vertical positioning of the sample, using a universal flammability-test-stand. During the flammability tests, changes in the temperature field in the area of the burning sample were also recorded, using a thermal imaging camera. Sample residues after flammability tests were also examined with infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to assess their thermal destruction. The results of the study showed a significant increase in flammability with bran content for both PE and PBS matrix compositions. Clear differences were also found in the combustion behaviour of the matrix materials alone. Both the burning rate and maximum flame temperature were lower in favour of PBS. PBS compositions with wheat bran also showed lower flammability, compared with their PE matrix counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Sasimowski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bronisław Samujło
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Grochowicz
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-614 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
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Madyaratri EW, Ridho MR, Aristri MA, Lubis MAR, Iswanto AH, Nawawi DS, Antov P, Kristak L, Majlingová A, Fatriasari W. Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030362. [PMID: 35160351 PMCID: PMC8840495 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers represent an eco-friendly and inexpensive alternative to conventional petroleum-based materials and have been increasingly utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications due to their numerous advantages, such as their good mechanical properties, low production costs, renewability, and biodegradability. However, these engineered composite materials have inherent downsides, such as their increased flammability when subjected to heat flux or flame initiators, which can limit their range of applications. As a result, certain attempts are still being made to reduce the flammability of biocomposites. The combustion of biobased composites can potentially create life-threatening conditions in buildings, resulting in substantial human and material losses. Additives known as flame-retardants (FRs) have been commonly used to improve the fire protection of wood and biocomposite materials, textiles, and other fields for the purpose of widening their application areas. At present, this practice is very common in the construction sector due to stringent fire safety regulations on residential and public buildings. The aim of this study was to present and discuss recent advances in the development of fire-resistant biocomposites. The flammability of wood and natural fibers as material resources to produce biocomposites was researched to build a holistic picture. Furthermore, the potential of lignin as an eco-friendly and low-cost FR additive to produce high-performance biocomposites with improved technological and fire properties was also discussed in detail. The development of sustainable FR systems, based on renewable raw materials, represents a viable and promising approach to manufacturing biocomposites with improved fire resistance, lower environmental footprint, and enhanced health and safety performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvara Windra Madyaratri
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.W.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Muhammad Rasyidur Ridho
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.W.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.A.)
- Research Center for Biomaterials BRIN, Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Manggar Arum Aristri
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.W.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.A.)
- Research Center for Biomaterials BRIN, Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | | | - Apri Heri Iswanto
- Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center, Jl. Tridharma Ujung No. 1, Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (A.H.I.); (D.S.N.); or (W.F.)
| | - Deded Sarip Nawawi
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; (E.W.M.); (M.R.R.); (M.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.I.); (D.S.N.); or (W.F.)
| | - Petar Antov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lubos Kristak
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Majlingová
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomaterials BRIN, Jl Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (A.H.I.); (D.S.N.); or (W.F.)
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Nguyen VT, Ha LQ, Nguyen TDL, Ly PH, Nguyen DM, Hoang D. Nanocellulose and Graphene Oxide Aerogels for Adsorption and Removal Methylene Blue from an Aqueous Environment. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1003-1013. [PMID: 35036764 PMCID: PMC8756800 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of aerogel materials such as the low density and large surface area enable them to adsorb large amounts of substances, so they show great potential for application in industrial wastewater treatment. Herein, using a combination of completely environmentally friendly materials such as cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) extracted from the petioles of the nipa palm tree and graphene oxide (GO) fabricated by simple solvent evaporation, a composite aerogel was prepared by a freeze-drying method. The obtained aerogel possessed a light density of 0.0264 g/cm3 and a porosity of more than 98.2%. It was able to withstand a weight as much as 2500 times with the maximum force (1479.5 N) to break up 0.2 g of an aerogel by compression strength testing and was stable in the aquatic environment, enabling it to be reused five times with an adsorption capacity over 90%. The CNF/GO aerogel can recover higher than 85% after 30 consecutive compression recovery cycles, which is convenient for the reusability of this material in wastewater treatments. The obtained aerogel also showed a good interaction between the component phases, a high thermal stability, a 3D network structure combined with thin walls and pores with a large specific surface area. In addition, the aerogel also exhibited a fast adsorption rate for methylene blue (MB) adsorption, a type of waste from the textile industry that pollutes water sources, and it can adsorb more than 99% MB in water in less than 20 min. The excellent adsorption of MB onto the CNF/GO aerogel was driven by electrostatic interactions, which agreed with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.9978. The initial results show that the CNF/GO aerogel is a highly durable "green" light material that might be applied in the treatment of domestic organic waste water and is completely recoverable and reusable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy T. Nguyen
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Science, Ho Chi
Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Lam Q. Ha
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, HCMC University of
Technology and Education, Ho Chi
Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tu D. L. Nguyen
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Science, Ho Chi
Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong H. Ly
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Science, Ho Chi
Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Mao Nguyen
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Science, Ho Chi
Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Laboratoire
Innovation Matériau Bois Habitat Apprentissage (LIMBHA), Ecole Supérieure du Bois, 7 Rue Christian Pauc, 44306 Nantes, France
| | - DongQuy Hoang
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Technology, University
of Science, Ho Chi
Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam
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Synthesis and Thermo-Mechanical Study of Epoxy Resin-Based Composites with Waste Fibers of Hemp as an Eco-Friendly Filler. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040503. [PMID: 33562178 PMCID: PMC7914908 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, thermal, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites incorporating waste fibers of hemp were studied. Five different systems with increasing quantity of the eco-filler were obtained. For the synthesis of polymeric materials, the commercial epoxy resins Epidian® 5 and triethylenetetramine (TETA) were applied as crosslinking agents. The composites were obtained based on the polyaddition reaction of an amine group with an epoxide ring. ATR/FT-IR (Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared) analysis was used to confirm the chemical structure of the composites and the course of curing processes. Moreover, the influence of the eco-friendly components on the mechanical properties was determined, while thermal properties of the materials were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dynamic mechanical studies (DMA) and Shore hardness tests of the obtained polymers were also carried out. The DSC curves and DMA analysis revealed that all materials were characterized by a similar glass transition range. Furthermore, the DMA and hardness measurements of the composites demonstrated an increasing elasticity with the increase in the amount of eco-filler present in the compositions.
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