The [DPPH●/DPPH-H]-HPLC-DAD Method on Tracking the Antioxidant Activity of Pure Antioxidants and Goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) Hydroalcoholic Extracts

Ultraviolet blocking ability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of newly prepared polyvinyl alcohol-nanocellulose‑silver nanoparticles-ChunJian peel extract composite film

In this work, nanocellulose (CNC) from waste water chestnut (WCT) shell was firstly used for preparing nanocomposite films, by using ChunJian peel extract (CJPE) as a green reducing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and then loading them into polyvinyl alcohol-nanocellulose (PVA-CNC) matrix, a multifunctional nanocomposite material that could be used in food packaging was developed. The prepared films were tested for mechanical strength, barrier properties, thermal properties, antibacterial, antioxidant and biocompatibility through various characterizations. The PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film had good thermostability, mechanical strength, barrier properties, and biocompatibility. Compared with pure PVA film and PVA-CNC film, PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE could shield over 95 % of the UVB (320-275 nm) spectrum and UVC (275-200 nm) spectrum and most of the UVA (400-320 nm). By disk diffusion analysis, the inhibition zones of PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis were 22.3 mm, 25.0 mm, 22.0 mm and 19.3 mm, respectively. The milk antibacterial simulation test confirmed that PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film could effectively limit bacterial reproduction and prolong the shelf life of milk. PVA-CNC-AgNPs-CJPE film had excellent UV barrier properties, good antioxidant properties and high-efficiency antibacterial activity, which is expected to be widely used in sustainable nanocomposite food packaging.

In-vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and In-silico ADMET, molecular docking study on Hardwickia binata phytocompunds with potential inhibitor of skin cancer protein

The new sources of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for methanol extracts of Hardwickia binata Roxb were evaluated systematically. The present investigation is antibacterial, antioxidant, ADMET and molecular docking studies. Our results show the good polyphenol content (total phenol, total flavonoid) and antioxidant capacity of methanol extracts. The free radical scavenging activities of the methanol extracts also were highest, with the antioxidant activity becoming significantly greater. Furthermore, in-vitro antibacterial experiments against phytopathogens, Enterococcus faecalis have a high zone of inhibition (14 ± 0.54) compared with other pathogens. The functional groups of methanol extract were identified using FTIR. The active molecules from GCMS involved in ADMET and docking study for skin cancer proteins (1P7K and 5OTE) among the phytocompounds, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (- 6.2; - 6.6 kcal/mol) and 5-Phenyl-2,4-pyrimidinediamine, 2TMS derivative (- 7.50; - 8.11 kcal/mol) is the best compound for the human skin cancer possessed higher binding energy. Our results indicate that the plants can provide sources of natural compounds used for moderate good anticancer drug.

Antioxidant Activity of Quercetin-Containing Liposomes-in-Gel and Its Effect on Prevention and Treatment of Cutaneous Eczema

Cutaneous eczema is a kind of skin disease is characterized by inflammation. The main manifestations are various types of dermatitis, eczema, and urticaria. There are usually complications such as erythema, blisters, and epidermal peeling. The quercetin might have a therapeutic effect on cutaneous eczema due to its favorable antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there are few studies on transdermal administration of antioxidant drugs for the treatment of cutaneous eczema. The aim of this study was to prepare quercetin-containing liposomes-in-gel (QU-LG), its antioxidant properties were evaluated, and it was used in the skin of mice suffering from dermal eczema to see if it had preventive and therapeutic effects in an attempt to make it a new option for the treatment of cutaneous eczema. QU-LG was prepared by the injection method to form the quercetin-containing liposomes (QU-L) and evenly dispersed in the natural dissolution of carboxymethylcellulose sodium (1%, CMC-Na). The release of QU-LG across the dialysis membranes was up to 30% and clearance of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was 65.16 ± 3.513%. In anti-oxidation assay QU-LG inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) production in liver better than the commercially available drug dexamethasone acetate cream. Compared with untreated mice, mice treated with QU-LG showed a statistically significant reduction in dermatopathologic symptoms. The results suggested that QU-LG had good antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro and could be used for the prevention and treatment of cutaneous eczema.

Quality Marker Discovery and Quality Evaluation of Eucommia ulmoides Pollen Using UPLC-QTOF-MS Combined with a DPPH-HPLC Antioxidant Activity Screening Method

Pollen, as an important component of Eucommia ulmoides (EUP), is rich in nutrients and is receiving increasing attention. At present, there are no reports on research related to the chemical composition and quality standards of EUP, and there are significant quality differences and counterfeit phenomena in the market. This study used a UPLC-QTOF-MS system to identify 49 chemical components in EUP for the first time. In the second step, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-HPLC antioxidant activity screening technology was used to identify the main active components of EUP, quercetin-3-O-sophoroside (QSH), quercetin-3-O-sambubioside (QSB), and quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside (QNH), and their purification, preparation, and structure identification were carried out. Third, molecular docking was used to predict the activity of these components. Fourth, the intracellular ROS generation model of RAW264.7 induced by H₂O₂ was used to verify and evaluate the activity of candidate active ingredients to determine their feasibility as Q-markers. Finally, a quality control method for EUP was constructed using the three selected components as Q-markers. The identification of chemical components and the discovery, prediction, and confirmation of characteristic Q-markers in EUP provide important references for better research on EUP and the effective evaluation and control of its quality. This approach provides a new model for the quality control of novel foods or dietary supplements.

Antioxidant and Immune Stimulating Effects of Allium cepa Skin in the RAW 264.7 Cells and in the C57BL/6 Mouse Immunosuppressed by Cyclophosphamide

Allium cepa L. (onion) has been reported to have various pharmacological effects, such as preventing heart disease, and improving antimicrobial activity and immunological effects. The Republic of Korea produced 1,195,563 tons of onions (2022). The flesh of onion is used as food while the onion skin (OS) is thrown away as an agro-food by-product and is considered to induce environmental pollution. Thus, we hypothesize that increasing usage of OS as functional food material could help protect from the environment pollution. The antioxidant effects and immune-enhancing effects of OS were evaluated as functional activities of OS. In this study, OS showed high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The antioxidant activities increased in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and XO inhibitory activity were 954.9 μg/mL, 28.0 μg/mL, and 10.7 μg/mL, respectively. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of OS in RAW 264.7 cells were higher than those of the media control. There was no cytotoxicity of OS found in RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells significantly increased in a dose dependent manner. Immune-stimulating effects of OS were evaluated in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. White blood cell count and the B cell proliferation of splenocytes were higher in OS100 (OS extract 100 mg/kg body weight) and OS200 (OS extract 200 mg/kg body weight) groups than in the negative control (NC) group. Serum IgG and cytokine (IL-1β and IFN-γ) levels were also higher in OS100 and OS200 groups than in the NC group. OS treatment increased NK cell activity compared with the NC group. The results suggested that OS can improve antioxidant and immune stimulating effects. The use of OS as functional supplement can reduce the agro-food by-product and it may contribute to carbon neutrality.

Characterization of NiONPs synthesized by aqueous extract of orange fruit waste and assessed their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential

This research was performed to evaluate the nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) fabricating potential of orange fruit waste (OFW) aqueous extract. Moreover characterize the synthesized OFW-NiONPs through standard techniques such as UV-vis. spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses. Furthermore, the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of OFW-NiONPs were studied against most common microbial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Aspergillus niger) and free radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), H₂O₂, OH, and FRAP). A sharp absorbance peak was obtained at 324 nm under UV-vis spectrum analysis that confirmed that the synthesis of OFW-NiONPs and it has been capped and stabilized by numbers of active functional groups studied through FTIR analysis. SEM and DLS analyses revealed that the cubic and triangle shaped OFW-NiONPs with the size intensity distribution was ranging from 21 nm to 130 nm. Interestingly, the OFW-NiONPs showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against the common microbial pathogens in the order of E. coli > A. niger > K. pneumoniae > B. subtilis > S. aureus at increased concentration of 200 μg mL^-1. Similarly, the synthesized OFW-NiONPs also possess significant free radicals scavenging activity against DPPH, OH, and FRAP. These results conclude that this OFW-NiONPs can be considered for some biomedical applications after the investigations of some in-vivo research.

Integrated chromatographic approach for the discovery of gingerol antioxidants from Dracocephalum heterophyllum and their potential targets

As a traditional Tibetan medicine, Dracocephalum heterophyllum has many benefits, but due to the complicated procedures of separation and purification of its chemical constituents, there are few reports on gingerols. In this study, four antioxidative gingerols were isolated from Dracocephalum heterophyllum by an integrated chromatographic approach. Antioxidant activity was then determined by in vitro experiments and its potential targets of action were investigated. First, the extract was pretreated using silica gel, MCI GEL®CHP20P, and diol and spherical medium pressure columns, while the antioxidant peaks were identified using an online HPLC-1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl system. Then, the antioxidant peaks were directionally separated and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography to obtain four gingerols with a purity higher than 95%, namely 5-methoxy-6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 6-paradol, and diacetoxy-6-gingerdiol. Finally, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assays and cellular antioxidant experiments were carried out, and molecular docking was used to explore potential antioxidant targets. The isolated gingerols upregulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), while they had little effect on the activity of nadph:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). This method can efficiently prepare and isolate antioxidative gingerols from Dracocephalum heterophyllum, and it can be extended to isolate antioxidants from other natural products.

Inhibitory effect of taurine on rotator cuff degeneration via mitochondrial protection

OBJECTIVES

Degenerative rotator cuff tears do not heal spontaneously, necessitating surgical intervention. This makes prevention crucial, but effective prophylactic measures are currently lacking. Oxidative stress has recently been implicated as a cause of degenerative rotator cuff tears, while mitochondrial injury has been reported in the development of age-related rotator cuff degeneration. Taurine, which has antioxidant properties, has been found to be effective in the treatment of various mitochondrial abnormalities. This prompted us to investigate the inhibitory effect of taurine and some other antioxidants against rotator cuff degeneration using tenocytes.

METHODS

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 2 mM) was added to tenocytes in medium with 0.8 µM taurine (Group TAU), medium with 100 µM α-tocopherol (Group E), and medium with 150 µM ascorbic acid (Group C), then each medium was cultured for 24 h. Tenocytes supplemented with 2 mM H₂O₂ alone were similarly cultured for 24 h (Group H₂O₂). In each group, immunostaining was performed for the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and advanced glycation end products (AGE), which contribute to the development of age-related rotator cuff degeneration. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species were measured using a cell-based assay kit, and results were compared. Immunostaining was also performed for indices of apoptosis (caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2), and Western blotting was used to quantify activation of caspase-9 at an early stage in each group.

RESULTS

Oxidative stress and AGE levels were decreased in the E and C groups. Levels of all parameters were reduced in the TAU group.

CONCLUSIONS

Taurine showed preventative effects against rotator cuff degeneration. The simple method of administration and paucity of side effects make clinical application easy, and the clear potential as a novel prophylactic strategy against degenerative rotator cuff tear warrants further study.

Effects of Extraction Technique on the Content and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Gossypium Hirsutum linn. Flowers

Cotton is one of the Uyghur medical materials in China and is rich in flavonoids. Flavonoids have important pharmacological effects. The yield of flavonoids in traditional extraction methods is low, which affects the development of flavonoids. Therefore, it is urgent to optimize the extraction techniques. The yield of flavonoids in cotton flowers was effectively improved by response surface methodology, and the highest yield of flavonoids reached 5.66%, and the optimal extraction process conditions were obtained. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate, hydroxyl free radical scavenging rate, superoxide anion free radical scavenging rate, and reducing ability were tested to reflect the antioxidant capacity of flavonoids. The flavonoids had an excellent antioxidant effect. Cell experiments suggested that the flavonoids had the effect of protecting glutamate-induced damage to HT-22 cells. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the extraction of cotton flowers flavonoids and the comprehensive evaluation of antioxidant products, as well as the extraction of other plant flavonoids.

Antioxidant Effect of Nanoparticles Composed of Zein and Orange (Citrus sinensis) Extract Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

In the present research, an orange extract (OE) was obtained and encapsulated in a zein matrix for its subsequent physicochemical characterization and evaluation of its antioxidant capacity. The OE consists of phenolic compounds and flavonoids extracted from orange peel (Citrus sinensis) by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The results obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that zein nanoparticles with orange extract (NpZOE) presented a nanometric size and spherical shape, presenting a hydrodynamic diameter of 159.26 ± 5.96 nm. Furthermore, ζ-potential evolution and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to evaluate the interaction between zein and OE. Regarding antioxidant activity, ABTS and DPPH assays indicated no significant differences at high concentrations of orange peel extract and NpZOE; however, NpZOE was more effective at low concentrations. Although this indicates that ultrasonication as an extraction method effectively obtains the phenolic compounds present in orange peels, the nanoprecipitation method under the conditions used allowed us to obtain particles in the nanometric range with positive ζ-potential. On the other hand, the antioxidant capacity analysis indicated a high antioxidant capacity of both OE and the NpZOE. This study presents the possibility of obtaining orange extracts by ultrasound and coupling them to zein-based nanoparticulate systems to be applied as biomedical materials functionalized with antioxidant substances of pharmaceutical utility.

Application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection to Simultaneous Analysis of Reference Antioxidants and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in Free Radical Scavenging Test

Antioxidant activity can be analyzed by various methods, both in vitro and in vivo. The widely used colorimetric method using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging reaction has many limitations, such as interference from photosynthetic pigments naturally found in plant extracts. The DPPH-HPLC eliminates these troubles by enabling the separation of the DPPH free radical (DPPH-R) peak and its reduced form (DPPH-H) from other extract components. However, simultaneous analysis of antioxidants and evaluation of their activity is more complicated. To date, a post-column reaction with DPPH has been used for this purpose. The aim of the current study was the elaboration on a DPPH-RP-HPLC in gradient elution mode for simultaneous evaluation of the antioxidant activity of standards on the basis of DPPH-R peak inhibition, together with the identification of standards, as well as the products of redox reactions. The following antioxidants (AOs) were used as standards: quercetin, resveratrol, Trolox, chlorogenic acid, hesperetin, and coumarin. Flavone was used as the control chemical without antioxidant activity. The separation of the DPPH-R/DPPH-H pair, together with standards and reaction products, was studied on a C18 column using a gradient of acetonitrile from 5 to 60% within 20 min. The stability of DPPH was evaluated with different gradient profiles. The influence of the addition of acetic acid in concentrations of 0.05 to 1%, the duration of the analysis, and the radiation emitted by the UV lamp of a diode array detector on the induction of DPPH decomposition processes were investigated. The most significant parameter affecting DPPH stability appeared to be the acidic environment and water content in the mobile phase. An increase in the water content from 70 to 95% worsened the LOD of DPPH-R from 31.64 nM to 107.31 nM, as measured at 517 nm, and from 189.41 to 1677.05 nM at 330 nm. Each gradient profile provided good linearity (R² = 0.9790–0.9977) of the relationship between the DPPH-R as well as DPPH-H peak areas, and a wide concentration range from 0.5 to 2.5 mM for UV-vis detection. Free radical scavenging activity was expressed by the percentage of DPPH-R peak inhibition at 517 nm. This simple method is suitable for monitoring DPPH radical scavenging by AO standards.

Developing Eco-Friendly Skin Care Formulations with Microemulsions of Essential Oil

With the rising public awareness of environmental issues, consumers are increasingly demanding skin care products that create less environmental impact but still provide the same or even greater efficacy. In the skin care arena, microemulsions have been receiving increased attention as the promising delivery technology of skin care actives. Essential oils such as peppermint oil, lavender oil and eucalyptus oil are purported to have excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that could be used as the eco-friendly alternatives for synthetic antioxidants and preservatives in the skin care formulations. This work therefore seeks to develop eco-friendly skin care formulations based on microemulsions of essential oil. Peppermint oil, lavender oil and eucalyptus oil were used as the oil phase to formulate naringin-loaded microemulsions, which demonstrated similar or better antioxidant and antimicrobial properties compared to the synthetic ones. When formulated into gel form, naringin-loaded microemulsion-gel formulations showed enhanced stability and release profile over their unformulated counterpart. Hence, microemulsions of essential oil developed in this work conferred a 4-fold benefits to the skin care formulations: (1) improved release (membrane permeation) of skin care active, (2) improved stability of skin care active, (3) as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic antioxidant, and (4) a self-preserving system.

Bioactive Compounds in Aegopodium podagraria Leaf Extracts and Their Effects against Fluoride-Modulated Oxidative Stress in the THP-1 Cell Line

Aegopodium podagraria L. (goutweed), a member of the Apiaceae family, is a common perennial plant found all around the world that has been used in folk medicine since antiquity. Goutweed leaves contain polyacetylenes, essential oils, mono- and sesquiterpenes, vitamins, macro- and microelements, and phenolic compounds. In spite of its many health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects, the plant has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties of different goutweed leaf extracts and their effects on the THP-1 cell line, and also to describe the chemical characteristics of goutweed. Falcarinol and falcarindiol and essential oil were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Spectrophotometry was used to measure the total content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity–by DPPH and FRAP methods. Oxidative stress in THP-1 cells was induced via sodium fluoride. Then, goutweed leaf extracts were added to evaluate their influence on antioxidant potential (ABTS) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Confocal microscopy was used to visualise the production of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and for in vitro imaging of apoptosis. The ethanol extracts have a high total content of polyphenols, polyacetylenes, and essential oil, as well as high antioxidant potential. The main volatiles represented diverse chemical groups, which are both oxygenated derivatives of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes. We also demonstrated positive effects of the high antioxidant potential and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes on cell cultures under severe fluoride-induced oxidative stress. Extraction at 80 ℃ and the use of ethanol as a solvent increased the antioxidant capacity of the extract. The leaves of Aegopodium podagraria may serve as a valuable source of antioxidants in the daily diet and assist in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-mediated conditions, e.g., inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even obesity.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Natural Extracts with Proven Antioxidant Activity

Natural extracts are a rich source of biomolecules that are useful not only as antioxidant drugs or diet supplements but also as complex reagents for the biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The natural product components can act as strong reducing and capping substrates guaranteeing the stability of formed NPs. The current work demonstrates the suitability of extracts of Camellia sinensis, Ilex paraguariensis, Salvia officinalis, Tilia cordata, Levisticum officinale, Aegopodium podagraria, Urtica dioica, Capsicum baccatum, Viscum album, and marine algae Porphyra Yezoensis for green synthesis of AgNPs. The antioxidant power of methanolic extracts was estimated at the beginning according to their free radical scavenging activity by the DPPH method and reducing power activity by CUPRAC and SNPAC (silver nanoparticle antioxidant capacity) assays. The results obtained by the CUPRAC and SNAPC methods exhibited excellent agreement (R²~0.9). The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size, and zeta potential. The UV-vis absorption spectra showed a peak at 423 nm confirming the presence of AgNPs. The shapes of extract-mediated AgNPs were mainly spherical, spheroid, rod-shaped, agglomerated crystalline structures. The NPs exhibited a high negative zeta potential value in the range from -49.8 mV to -56.1 mV, proving the existence of electrostatic stabilization. FTIR measurements indicated peaks corresponding to different functional groups such as carboxylic acids, alcohol, phenol, esters, ethers, aldehydes, alkanes, and proteins, which were involved in the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. Among the examined extracts, green tea showed the highest activity in all antioxidant tests and enabled the synthesis of the smallest nanoparticles, namely 62.51, 61.19, and 53.55 nm, depending on storage times of 30 min, 24 h, and 72 h, respectively. In turn, the Capsicum baccatum extract was distinguished by the lowest zeta potential, decreasing with storage time from -66.0 up to -88.6 mM.

Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Natural extracts are the source of many antioxidant substances. They have proven useful not only as supplements preventing diseases caused by oxidative stress and food additives preventing oxidation but also as system components for the production of metallic nanoparticles by the so-called green synthesis. This is important given the drastically increased demand for nanomaterials in biomedical fields. The source of ecological technology for producing nanoparticles can be plants or microorganisms (yeast, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria). This review presents recently published research on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. The conditions of biosynthesis and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle formation with the participation of bacteria are presented. The potential of natural extracts for biogenic synthesis depends on the content of reducing substances. The assessment of the antioxidant activity of extracts as multicomponent mixtures is still a challenge for analytical chemistry. There is still no universal test for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC). There are many in vitro chemical tests that quantify the antioxidant scavenging activity of free radicals and their ability to chelate metals and that reduce free radical damage. This paper presents the classification of antioxidants and non-enzymatic methods of testing antioxidant capacity in vitro, with particular emphasis on methods based on nanoparticles. Examples of recent studies on the antioxidant activity of natural extracts obtained from different species such as plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, lichens, actinomycetes were collected, giving evaluation methods, reference antioxidants, and details on the preparation of extracts.

Intraspecific Variation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Albizia coriaria Leaves from Some Agroecological Zones of Uganda

Albizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver is a customary African medicinal plant, which has a long history of utilization in the management of oxidative stress-induced and bacterial diseases. However, there is no report on the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of its leaves. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial potential of A. coriaria leaves from Jinja, Kole, and Mbarara districts of Uganda. Shade-dried leaf samples were ground into powder and successively extracted with ethyl acetate, ethanol, and distilled water. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and terpenes as the major secondary metabolites in the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and total in vitro antioxidant activity were found to be the highest for ethanolic extracts, with the highest contents (101.72 ± 0.22 mg GAE/g DW; 13.23 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) and antioxidant potential (IC₅₀ = 18.65 ± 0.06 mg/mL) being for leaves from Mbarara district. Antibacterial activity of the extracts determined by agar disc diffusion method revealed that ethanolic extracts had higher antibacterial activities with mean zones of inhibition of 6.00 ± 1.73 to 10.00 ± 1.73 mm, 5.00 ± 1.00 to 12.30 ± 1.53 mm, 17.00 ± 0.00 to 25.00 ± 2.65 mm, and 9.00 ± 1.73 to 16.00 ± 1.73 mm for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi, respectively. Ethyl acetate extracts of A. coriaria leaves from Kole and Mbarara had lower antibacterial activities, while aqueous extracts and ethyl acetate extract of leaves from Jinja showed no antibacterial activity. The current study for the first time established that A. coriaria leaves possess therapeutic phytochemicals with significant in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which lend credence to their use in traditional management of oxidative stress-induced conditions and bacterial diseases in Uganda. Structural elucidation of the responsible pure compounds for the observed bioactivities as well as toxicity studies of the extracts is recommended.