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Ravisankar N, Sarathi N, Maruthavanan T, Ramasundaram S, Ramesh M, Sankar C, Umamatheswari S, Kanthimathi G, Oh TH. Synthesis, antimycobacterial screening, molecular docking, ADMET prediction and pharmacological evaluation on novel pyran-4-one bearing hydrazone, triazole and isoxazole moieties: Potential inhibitors of SARS CoV-2. J Mol Struct 2023; 1285:135461. [PMID: 37041803 PMCID: PMC10062711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory infection tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its unrelenting spread caused millions of deaths around the world. Hence, it is needed to explore potential and less toxic anti-tubercular drugs. In the present work, we report the synthesis and antitubercular activity of four different (hydrazones 7-12, O-ethynyl oximes 19-24, triazoles 25-30, and isoxazoles 31-36) hybrids. Among these hybrids 9, 10, 33, and 34, displayed high antitubercular activity at 3.12 g/mL with >90% of inhibitions. The hybrids also showed good docking energies between -6.8 and -7.8 kcal/mol. Further, most active molecules were assayed for their DNA gyrase reduction ability towards M. tuberculosis and E.coli DNA gyrase by the DNA supercoiling and ATPase gyrase assay methods. All four hybrids showed good IC50 values comparable to that of the reference drug. In addition, the targets were also predicted as a potential binder for papain-like protease (SARS CoV-2 PLpro) by molecular docking and a good interaction result was observed. Besides, all targets were predicted for their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion - toxicity (ADMET) profile and found a significant amount of ADMET and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ravisankar
- Department of Chemistry, Veltech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 062, India
| | - N Sarathi
- Department of Chemistry, GRT Institute of Engineering and Technology (Affiliated to Anna University), Tiruttani 631 209, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Maruthavanan
- Department of Chemistry, SONASTARCH, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - M Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 022, India
| | - C Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM TRP Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 621 105, India
| | - S Umamatheswari
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 022, India
| | - G Kanthimathi
- Department of Chemistry, Ramco Institue of Technology, Rajapalayam, Tamil Nadu 626 117, India
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38436, Republic of Korea
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Haroun M, Fesatidou M, Petrou A, Tratrat C, Zagaliotis P, Gavalas A, Venugopala KN, Kochkar H, Emeka PM, Younis NS, Elmaghraby DA, Almostafa MM, Chohan MS, Vizirianakis IS, Papadimitriou-Tsantarliotou A, Geronikaki A. Identification of Novel Cyclooxygenase-1 Selective Inhibitors of Thiadiazole-Based Scaffold as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Safety Gastric and Cytotoxic Profile. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083416. [PMID: 37110650 PMCID: PMC10142904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major obstacles faced by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are their gastrointestinal toxicity induced by non-selective inhibition of both cyclooxygenases (COX) 1 and 2 and their cardiotoxicity associated with a certain class of COX-2 selective inhibitors. Recent studies have demonstrated that selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition generates compounds with no gastric damage. The aim of the current study is to develop novel anti-inflammatory agents with a better gastric profile. In our previous paper, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of 4-methylthiazole-based thiazolidinones. Thus, based on these observations, herein we report the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, drug action, ulcerogenicity and cytotoxicity of a series of 5-adamantylthiadiazole-based thiazolidinone derivatives. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the compounds possessed moderate to excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Four compounds 3, 4, 10 and 11 showed highest potency (62.0, 66.7, 55.8 and 60.0%, respectively), which was higher than the control drug indomethacin (47.0%). To determine their possible mode of action, the enzymatic assay was conducted against COX-1, COX-2 and LOX. The biological results demonstrated that these compounds are effective COX-1 inhibitors. Thus, the IC50 values of the three most active compounds 3, 4 and 14 as COX-1 inhibitors were 1.08, 1.12 and 9.62 μΜ, respectively, compared to ibuprofen (12.7 μΜ) and naproxen (40.10 μΜ) used as control drugs. Moreover, the ulcerogenic effect of the best compounds 3, 4 and 14 were evaluated and revealed that no gastric damage was observed. Furthermore, compounds were found to be nontoxic. A molecular modeling study provided molecular insight to rationalize the COX selectivity. In summary, we discovered a novel class of selective COX-1 inhibitors that could be effectively used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Fesatidou
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panagiotis Zagaliotis
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Antonis Gavalas
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Hafedh Kochkar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Promise M Emeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Ahmed Elmaghraby
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervt M Almostafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Chohan
- Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle, University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Karthikeyan S, Blacque O, El-Masry AA, Hassan HM, Percino MJ, El-Emam AA, Thamotharan S. Structural and Energetic Properties of Weak Noncovalent Interactions in Two Closely Related 3,6-Disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Derivatives: In Vitro Cyclooxygenase Activity, Crystallography, and Computational Investigations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34506-34520. [PMID: 36188268 PMCID: PMC9520738 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
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Two 3,6-disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole
derivatives, namely, 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-6-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 1 and 6-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 2, were prepared, and
the detailed analysis of the weak intermolecular interactions responsible
for the supramolecular self-assembly was performed using X-ray diffraction
and theoretical tools. Analyses of Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerprint
plot demonstrated the effect of adamant-1-yl/phenyl moieties on intermolecular
interactions in solid-state structures. The effect of these substituents
on H···H/Cl/N contacts was more specific. The CLP-PIXEL
and density functional theory methods provide information on the energetics
of molecular dimers observed in these compounds. The crystal structure
of compound 1 stabilizes with a variety of weak intermolecular
interactions, including C–H···N, C–H···π,
and C–H···Cl hydrogen bonds, a directional C–S···π
chalcogen bond, and unconventional short F···C/N contacts.
The crystal structure of compound 2 is stabilized by
π-stacking interactions, C–H···N, C–H···π,
and C–H···Cl hydrogen bonds, and highly directional
attractive σ–hole interactions such as the C–Cl···N
halogen bond and the C–S···N chalcogen bond.
In addition, S(lp)···C(π) and short N···N
contacts play a supportive role in the stabilization of certain molecular
dimers. The final supramolecular architectures resulting from the
combination of different intermolecular interactions are observed
in both the crystal packing. The molecular electrostatic potential
map reveals complementary electrostatic potentials of the interacting
atoms. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules approach was used
to delineate the nature and strength of different intermolecular interactions
present in different dimers of compounds 1 and 2. The in vitro experiments suggest that both compounds showed
selectivity against COX-2 targets rather than COX-1. Molecular docking
analysis showed the binding pose of the compounds at the active sites
of COX-1/2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H. Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sekar Karthikeyan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Amal A. El-Masry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Costal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
| | - M. Judith Percino
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa, Puebla-C.P. 72960, Mexico
| | - Ali A. El-Emam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
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Abdelgawad MA, Elkanzi NA, Musa A, Ghoneim MM, Ahmad W, Elmowafy M, Abdelhaleem Ali AM, Abdelazeem AH, Bukhari SN, El-Sherbiny M, Abourehab MA, Bakr RB. Optimization of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based compounds with pyridine scaffold: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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5
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Antitubercular, Cytotoxicity, and Computational Target Validation of Dihydroquinazolinone Derivatives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070831. [PMID: 35884084 PMCID: PMC9311641 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives (3a–3m) was screened for in vitro whole-cell antitubercular activity against the tubercular strain H37Rv and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains. Compounds 3l and 3m with di-substituted aryl moiety (halogens) attached to the 2-position of the scaffold showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/mL against the MTB strain H37Rv. Compound 3k with an imidazole ring at the 2-position of the dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one also showed significant inhibitory action against both the susceptible strain H37Rv and MDR strains with MIC values of 4 and 16 µg/mL, respectively. The computational results revealed the mycobacterial pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferase (BioA) enzyme as the potential target for the tested compounds. In vitro, ADMET calculations and cytotoxicity studies against the normal human dermal fibroblast cells indicated the safety and tolerability of the test compounds 3k–3m. Thus, compounds 3k–3m warrant further optimization to develop novel BioA inhibitors for the treatment of drug-sensitive H37Rv and drug-resistant MTB.
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Arshad MF, Alam A, Alshammari AA, Alhazza MB, Alzimam IM, Alam MA, Mustafa G, Ansari MS, Alotaibi AM, Alotaibi AA, Kumar S, Asdaq SMB, Imran M, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Jomah S. Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133994. [PMID: 35807236 PMCID: PMC9268695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazoles in clinical trials, and thiazoles in preclinical and developmental stages. A compilation of preclinical and developmental thiazole-bearing molecules is presented, focusing on their brief synthetic description and preclinical studies relating to structure-based activity analysis. The authors expect that the current review may succeed in drawing the attention of medicinal chemists to finding new leads, which may later be translated into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Arshad
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Ayed Alshammari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Bader Alhazza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Alzimam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Md Anish Alam
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Salahuddin Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulelah M. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Drug Regulatory Affair, Department, Pharma Beistand, New Delhi 110017, India;
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Shahamah Jomah
- Pharmacy Department, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia;
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Ragab A, Abusaif MS, Aboul-Magd DS, Wassel MMS, Elhagali GAM, Ammar YA. A new exploration toward adamantane derivatives as potential anti-MDR agents: Design, synthesis, antimicrobial, and radiosterilization activity as potential topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1305-1330. [PMID: 35716118 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing novel antimicrobial agents has become a necessitate due to the increasing rate of microbial resistance to antibiotics. All the newly adamantane derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against six MDR clinical pathogenic isolates. The results exhibited that 13 compounds have from potent to good activity. Among those, five derivatives (6, 7, 9, 14a, and 14b) displayed the potent activities against the different isolates tested (MIC < 0.25 µg/ml with bacteria and <8 µg/ml with fungi) compared with Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Fluconazole (FCA). Additionally, the potent adamantanes showed bactericidal and fungicidal effects based on (MBCs and MFCs) and the time-kill assay. The most active adamantane derivatives 7 and 14b exhibited a synergistic effect of ΣFIC ≤ 0.5 with CIP and FCA against the bacterial and fungal isolates. Moreover, no antagonistic effect appeared for the tested derivatives. Additionally, the interaction of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes with the compounds 6, 7, 9, 14a, and 14b exhibited potent antimicrobial activity using in vitro biochemical assays and gel-based DNA-supercoiling inhibition method. The activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes showed inhibitory activity (IC50 ) of 6.20 µM and 9.40 µM with compound 7 and 10.14 µM and 13.28 µM with compound 14b, respectively. Surprisingly, exposing compound 7 to gamma irradiation sterilized and increased its activity. Finally, the in-silico analysis predicted that the most active derivatives had good drug-likeness and safe properties. Besides, molecular docking and quantum chemical studies revealed several important interactions inside the active sites and showed the structural features necessary for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moustafa S Abusaif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina S Aboul-Magd
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M S Wassel
- Department of Foot and Mouth Disease, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gameel A M Elhagali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Haroun M, Petrou A, Tratrat C, Kositsi K, Gavalas A, Geronikaki A, Venugopala KN, Harsha NS. Discovery of benzothiazole-based thiazolidinones as potential anti-inflammatory agents: anti-inflammatory activity, soybean lipoxygenase inhibition effect and molecular docking studies. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 33:485-497. [PMID: 35703013 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2022.2084772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the greatest achievement in the development of anti-inflammatory agents in the last two decades, the current clinical drugs suffer from a variety of complications in community settings and hospital. There is still an urgent need to design novel molecules with better safety profile and with different molecular targets from those in current clinical use. The aim of this research was to discover a series of benzothiazole-based thiazolidinones with lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activity as a mechanism of anti-inflammatory action. Carrageenan-induced mouse foot paw oedema assay was carried out to determine the anti-inflammatory activity, while LOX inhibition was examined through the conversion of sodium linoleate to 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid. Molecular docking studies were performed using AutoDock 4.2 software. The anti-inflammatory activity of the title compounds was determined in a range of 18.4%-69.57%, where compound #3 was found to be the most potent (69.57%) and also to be more active than the reference drug indomethacin (47%). Moreover, compound #3 showed the highest LOX inhibitory activity with IC50 of 13 μM being less potent to that of the reference NDGA (IC50 = 1.3 μM). Compound #3 has been identified as lead compound for further modification in an attempt to improve anti-inflammatory and LOX inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Petrou
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Kositsi
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Gavalas
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - N S Harsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
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9
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Ahmadi M, Bekeschus S, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Wende K. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: recent advances in the use of synthetic COX-2 inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:471-496. [PMID: 35685617 PMCID: PMC9132194 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes comprise COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms and are responsible for prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins have critical roles in the inflammation pathway and must be controlled by administration of selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been among the most used NSAIDs during the ongoing coronavirus 2019 pandemic because they reduce pain and protect against inflammation-related diseases. In this framework, the mechanism of action of both COX isoforms (particularly COX-2) as inflammation mediators must be reviewed. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 must be highlighted due to their major participation in upregulation of the inflammatory reaction. Structural and functional analyses of selective COX-2 inhibitors within the active-site cavity of COXs could enable introduction of lead structures with higher selectivity and potency against inflammation with fewer adverse effects. This review focuses on the biological activity of recently discovered synthetic COX-2, dual COX-2/lipoxygenase, and COX-2/soluble epoxide hydrolase hybrid inhibitors based primarily on the active motifs of related US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. These new agents could provide several advantages with regard to anti-inflammatory activity, gastrointestinal protection, and a safer profile compared with those of the NSAIDs celecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald) Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald) Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine Walther-Rathenau-Straße 49A 17489 Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 2 17489 Greifswald Germany
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10
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The Synthesis of Triazolium Salts as Antifungal Agents: A Biological and In Silico Evaluation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050588. [PMID: 35625232 PMCID: PMC9137982 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of fungal pathogens is increasingly difficult due to the limited number of effective drugs available for antifungal therapy. In addition, both humans and fungi are eukaryotic organisms; antifungal drugs may have significant toxicity due to the inhibition of related human targets. Furthermore, another problem is increased incidents of fungal resistance to azoles, such as fluconazole, ketoconazole, voriconazole, etc. Thus, the interest in developing new azoles with an extended spectrum of activity still attracts the interest of the scientific community. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of triazolium salts, an evaluation of their antifungal activity, and docking studies. Ketoconazole and bifonazole were used as reference drugs. All compounds showed good antifungal activity with MIC/MFC in the range of 0.0003 to 0.2/0.0006–0.4 mg/mL. Compound 19 exhibited the best activity among all tested with MIC/MFC in the range of 0.009 to 0.037 mg/mL and 0.0125–0.05 mg/mL, respectively. All compounds appeared to be more potent than both reference drugs. The docking studies are in accordance with experimental results.
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11
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Scarim CB, Pavan FR. Recent advancement in drug development of nitro(NO 2 )-heterocyclic compounds as lead scaffolds for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:842-858. [PMID: 35106801 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused predominantly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It was responsible for approximately 1.4 million deaths worldwide in 2019. The lack of new drugs to treat drug-resistant strains is a principal factor for the slow rise in TB infections. Our aim is to aid the development of new TB treatments by describing improvements (last decade, 2011-2021) to nitro(NO2 )-based compounds that have shown activity or pharmacological properties (e.g., anti-proliferative, anti-kinetoplastid) against Mtb. For all compounds, we have included final correlations of minimum inhibitory concentrations against Mtb (H37 Rv).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cauê Benito Scarim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC), Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Holota S, Komykhov S, Sysak S, Gzella A, Cherkas A, Lesyk R. Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel 5-Ene-thiazolo[3,2- b][1,2,4]triazole-6(5 H)-ones as Possible Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:1162. [PMID: 33671733 PMCID: PMC7926352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper is devoted to the search for drug-like molecules with anticancer properties using the thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole-6-one scaffold. A series of 24 novel thiazolo-[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole-6-ones with 5-aryl(heteryl)idene- and 5-aminomethylidene-moieties has been synthesized employing three-component and three-stage synthetic protocols. A mixture of Z/E-isomers was obtained in solution for the synthesized 5-aminomethylidene-thiazolo[3,2-b]-[1,2,4]triazole-6-ones. The compounds have been studied for their antitumor activity in the NCI 60 lines screen. Some compounds present excellent anticancer properties at 10 μM. Derivatives 2h and 2i were the most active against cancer cell lines without causing toxicity to normal somatic (HEK293) cells. A preliminary SAR study had been performed for the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Volya Avenue 13, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Komykhov
- State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave 60, 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Applied Chemistry Department, Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Stepan Sysak
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Andrzej Gzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Andriy Cherkas
- Department of Internal Medicine #1, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; or
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
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