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Boonyarit B, Yamprasert N, Kaewnuratchadasorn P, Kinchagawat J, Prommin C, Rungrotmongkol T, Nutanong S. GraphEGFR: Multi-task and transfer learning based on molecular graph attention mechanism and fingerprints improving inhibitor bioactivity prediction for EGFR family proteins on data scarcity. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:2001-2023. [PMID: 38713612 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The proteins within the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, members of the tyrosine kinase receptor family, play a pivotal role in the molecular mechanisms driving the development of various tumors. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, key compounds in targeted therapy, encounter challenges in cancer treatment due to emerging drug resistance mutations. Consequently, machine learning has undergone significant evolution to address the challenges of cancer drug discovery related to EGFR family proteins. However, the application of deep learning in this area is hindered by inherent difficulties associated with small-scale data, particularly the risk of overfitting. Moreover, the design of a model architecture that facilitates learning through multi-task and transfer learning, coupled with appropriate molecular representation, poses substantial challenges. In this study, we introduce GraphEGFR, a deep learning regression model designed to enhance molecular representation and model architecture for predicting the bioactivity of inhibitors against both wild-type and mutant EGFR family proteins. GraphEGFR integrates a graph attention mechanism for molecular graphs with deep and convolutional neural networks for molecular fingerprints. We observed that GraphEGFR models employing multi-task and transfer learning strategies generally achieve predictive performance comparable to existing competitive methods. The integration of molecular graphs and fingerprints adeptly captures relationships between atoms and enables both global and local pattern recognition. We further validated potential multi-targeted inhibitors for wild-type and mutant HER1 kinases, exploring key amino acid residues through molecular dynamics simulations to understand molecular interactions. This predictive model offers a robust strategy that could significantly contribute to overcoming the challenges of developing deep learning models for drug discovery with limited data and exploring new frontiers in multi-targeted kinase drug discovery for EGFR family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bundit Boonyarit
- School of Information Science and Technology, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Nattawin Yamprasert
- School of Information, Computer, and Communication Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Jiramet Kinchagawat
- School of Information Science and Technology, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Chanatkran Prommin
- School of Information Science and Technology, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarana Nutanong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand
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Jaroszewski B, Jelonek K, Kasperczyk J. Drug Delivery Systems of Betulin and Its Derivatives: An Overview. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1168. [PMID: 38927375 PMCID: PMC11200571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural origin products are regarded as promising for the development of new therapeutic therapies with improved effectiveness, biocompatibility, reduced side effects, and low cost of production. Betulin (BE) is very promising due to its wide range of pharmacological activities, including its anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. However, despite advancements in the use of triterpenes for clinical purposes, there are still some obstacles that hinder their full potential, such as their hydrophobicity, low solubility, and poor bioavailability. To address these concerns, new BE derivatives have been synthesized. Moreover, drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising solution to overcome the barriers faced in the clinical application of natural products. The aim of this manuscript is to summarize the recent achievements in the field of delivery systems of BE and its derivatives. This review also presents the BE derivatives mostly considered for medical applications. The electronic databases of scientific publications were searched for the most interesting achievements in the last ten years. Thus far, it is mostly nanoparticles (NPs) that have been considered for the delivery of betulin and its derivatives, including organic NPs (e.g., micelles, conjugates, liposomes, cyclodextrins, protein NPs), inorganic NPs (carbon nanotubes, gold NPs, silver), and complex/hybrid and miscellaneous nanoparticulate systems. However, there are also examples of microparticles, gel-based systems, suspensions, emulsions, and scaffolds, which seem promising for the delivery of BE and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Jaroszewski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Jelonek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Skłodowska 34 St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Janusz Kasperczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Skłodowska 34 St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Petrova AV, Poptsov AI, Heise NV, Csuk R, Kazakova OB. Diethoxyphosphoryloxy-oleanolic acid is a nanomolar-inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14506. [PMID: 38480508 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A series of new betulin, lupeol, erythrodiol, and oleanolic acid phosphoryloxy- and furoyloxy-derivatives has been synthesized and their structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Synthesized compounds were subjected to Ellman's assays to determine their ability to inhibit the enzymes AChE and BChE. Among them, diethoxyphosphoryloxy-oleanolic acid inhibited BChE with a value of 99%, thereby acting as a mixed-type inhibitor holding very low Ki values of Ki = 6.59 nM and Ki ' = 1.97 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Science, Ufa, Russia
| | - Alexandr I Poptsov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Science, Ufa, Russia
| | - Niels V Heise
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Oxana B Kazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Science, Ufa, Russia
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Shimu MSS, Paul GK, Dutta AK, Kim C, Saleh MA, Islam MA, Acharjee UK, Kim B. Biochemical and molecular docking-based strategies of Acalypha indica and Boerhavia diffusa extract by targeting bacterial strains and cancer proteins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 38146734 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2297011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant microbes have emerged around the world, presenting a risk to health. Plant-derived drugs have become a potential source for the production of antibiotic-resistant drugs and cancer therapies. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of Acalypha indica and Boerhavia diffusa, and conducted in silico molecular docking experiments against EGFR and VEGFR-2 proteins. The metabolic extract of A. indica inhibited Streptococcus iniae and Staphylococcus sciuri with inhibition zones of 21.66 ± 0.57 mm and 20.33 ± 0.57 mm, respectively. The B. diffusa leaf extract produced inhibition zones of 20.3333 ± 0.5773 mm and 20.33 ± 0.57 mm against Streptococcus iniae and Edwardsiella anguillarum, respectively. A. indica and B. diffusa extracts had toxicities of 162.01 μg/ml and 175.6 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, B. diffusa (IC50 =154.42 µg/ml) leaf extract exhibited moderately higher antioxidant activity compared with the A. indica (IC50 = 218.97 µg/ml) leaf extract. Multiple interactions were observed at Leu694, Met769 and Leu820 sites for EGFR and at Asp1046 and Cys1045 sites for VEGFR during the molecular docking study. CID-235030, CID-70825 and CID-156619353 had binding energies of -7.6 kJ/mol, -7.5 kJ/mol and -7.6 kJ/mol, respectively, with EGFR protein. VEGFR-2 protein had docking energies of -7.5 kJ/mol, -7.6 kJ/mol and -7.3 kJ/mol, respectively, for CID-6420353, CID-156619353 and CID-70825 compounds. The MD simulation trajectories revealed the hit compound; CID-235030 and EGFR complex, CID-6420353 and VEGFR-2 exhibit stable profile in the root mean square deviation (RMSD), radius of gyration (Rg), solvent accessible surface area (SASA), hydrogen bond and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) and the binding free energy by MM-PBSA method. This study indicates that methanol extracts of A. indica and B. diffusa may play a crucial role in developing antibiotic-resistant and cancer drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Sharmin Sultana Shimu
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, India
| | - Gobindo Kumar Paul
- Department of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, India
| | - Changhyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Md Abu Saleh
- Department of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, India
| | - Md Asadul Islam
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, India
| | - Uzzal Kumar Acharjee
- Professor Joarder DNA and Chromosome Research Laboratory, Department of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, India
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Grudzińska M, Stachnik B, Galanty A, Sołtys A, Podolak I. Progress in Antimelanoma Research of Natural Triterpenoids and Their Derivatives: Mechanisms of Action, Bioavailability Enhancement and Structure Modifications. Molecules 2023; 28:7763. [PMID: 38067491 PMCID: PMC10707933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms of skin cancer, characterized by early metastasis and rapid development. In search for effective treatment options, much attention is given to triterpenoids of plant origin, which are considered promising drug candidates due to their well described anticancer properties and relatively low toxicity. This paper comprehensively summarizes the antimelanoma potential of natural triterpenoids, that are also used as scaffolds for the development of more effective derivatives. These include betulin, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, celastrol and lupeol. Some lesser-known triterpenoids that deserve attention in this context are 22β-hydroxytingenone, cucurbitacins, geoditin A and ganoderic acids. Recently described mechanisms of action are presented, together with the results of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as the use of drug delivery systems and pharmaceutical technologies to improve the bioavailability of triterpenoids. This paper also reviews the most promising structural modifications, based on structure-activity observations. In conclusion, triterpenoids of plant origin and some of their semi-synthetic derivatives exert significant cytotoxic, antiproliferative and chemopreventive effects that can be beneficial for melanoma treatment. Recent data indicate that their poor solubility in water, and thus low bioavailability, can be overcome by complexing with cyclodextrins, or the use of nanoparticles and ethosomes, thus making these compounds promising antimelanoma drug candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grudzińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogna Stachnik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Sołtys
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.G.); (B.S.); (A.S.); (I.P.)
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Chodurek E, Orchel A, Gwiazdoń P, Kaps A, Paduszyński P, Jaworska-Kik M, Chrobak E, Bębenek E, Boryczka S, Kasperczyk J. Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Properties of Propynoyl Betulin Derivatives against Human Ovarian Cancer Cells: In Vitro Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16487. [PMID: 38003677 PMCID: PMC10671498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the incidence of ovarian cancer (OC) and the limitations of available therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to search for novel therapeutic solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of betulin 1 and its propynoyl derivatives 2-6 against ovarian cancer cells (SK-OV-3, OVCAR-3) and normal myofibroblasts (18Co). Paclitaxel was used as the reference compound. The propynoyl derivatives 2-6 exhibited stronger antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities compared to betulin 1. In both ovarian cancer cell lines, the most potent compound was 28-propynoylbetulin 2. In the case of compound 2, the calculated IC50 values were 0.2 µM for the SK-OV-3 cells and 0.19 µM for the OVCAR-3 cells. Under the same culture conditions, the calculated IC50 values for compound 6 were 0.26 µM and 0.59 µM, respectively. It was observed that cells treated with compounds 2 and 6 caused a decrease in the potential of the mitochondrial membrane and a significant change in cell morphology. Betulin 1, a diol from the group of pentacyclic triterpenes, has a confirmed wide spectrum of biological effects, including a significant anticancer effect. It is characterized by low bioavailability, which can be improved by introducing changes to its structure. The results showed that chemical modifications of betulin 1 only at position C-28 with the propynoyl group (compound 2) and additionally at position C-3 with the phosphate group (compound 3) or at C-29 with the phosphonate group (compound 6) allowed us to obtain compounds with greater cytotoxic activity than their parent compounds, which could be used to develop novel therapeutic systems effective in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Chodurek
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Arkadiusz Orchel
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Paweł Gwiazdoń
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Kaps
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Piotr Paduszyński
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Marzena Jaworska-Kik
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Janusz Kasperczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
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Akash S, Bayıl I, Mahmood S, Mukerjee N, Mili TA, Dhama K, Rahman MA, Maitra S, Mohany M, Al-Rejaie SS, Ali N, Semwal P, Sharma R. Mechanistic inhibition of gastric cancer-associated bacteria Helicobacter pylori by selected phytocompounds: A new cutting-edge computational approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20670. [PMID: 37876433 PMCID: PMC10590806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a persistent bacterial inhabitant in the stomachs of approximately half the global populace. This bacterium is directly linked to chronic gastritis, leading to a heightened risk of duodenal and gastric ulcer diseases, and is the predominant risk factor for gastric cancer - the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of innovative treatment alternatives to mitigate the H. pylori menace. Methods Initiating our study, we curated a list of thirty phytochemicals based on previous literature and subjected them to molecular docking studies. Subsequently, eight phytocompounds-Glabridin, Isoliquiritin, Sanguinarine, Liquiritin, Glycyrrhetic acid, Beta-carotin, Diosgenin, and Sarsasapogenin-were meticulously chosen based on superior binding scores. These were further subjected to an extensive computational analysis encompassing ADMET profiling, drug-likeness evaluation, principal component analysis (PCA), and molecular dynamic simulations (MDs) in comparison with the conventional drug, Mitomycin. Results The natural compounds investigated demonstrated superior docking affinities to H. pylori targets compared to the standard Mitomycin. Notably, the phytocompounds Diosgenin and Sarsasapogenin stood out due to their exceptional binding affinities and pharmacokinetic properties, including favorable ADMET profiles. Conclusion Our comprehensive and technologically-advanced approach showcases the potential of identified phytocompounds as pioneering therapeutic agents against H. pylori-induced gastric malignancies. In light of our promising in silico results, we recommend these natural compounds as potential candidates for advancing H. pylori-targeted drug development. Given their potential, we strongly advocate for subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies to validate their therapeutic efficacy against this formidable gastrointestinal bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Birulia, 1216, Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Imren Bayıl
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Gaziantep University, Turkey
| | - Sajjat Mahmood
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Chittaranjan Avenue in Sadarghat, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute Of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700126, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamanna Akter Mili
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Rd, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Swastika Maitra
- Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Zhong X, Yan X, Liu W, Tian Y, Song R, Dong Y, Ren X, Zheng Y, Shan D, Lv F, Li X, Deng Q, He Y, Yuan R, She G. Sesquiterpenoids isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton: antitumor activity, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics study. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj06011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
This work provides a deep insight into new sesquiterpenoids isolated from Curcumae Rhizoma acting as potential antitumor activity inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Weirui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ruolan Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Dongjie Shan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Fang Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xianxian Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qingyue Deng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yingyu He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ruijuan Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
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Rzepka Z, Bębenek E, Chrobak E, Wrześniok D. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Indole-Functionalized Derivatives of Betulin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2372. [PMID: 36365190 PMCID: PMC9694481 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes, including betulin, are widespread natural products with various pharmacological effects. These compounds are the starting material for the synthesis of substances with promising anticancer activity. The chemical modification of the betulin scaffold that was carried out as part of the research consisted of introducing the indole moiety at the C-28 position. The synthesized new 28-indole-betulin derivatives were evaluated for anticancer activity against seven human cancer lines (A549, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, DLD-1, HT-29, A375, and C32). It was observed that MCF-7 breast cancer cells were most sensitive to the action of the 28-indole-betulin derivatives. The study shows that the lup-20(29)-ene-3-ol-28-yl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate caused the MCF-7 cells to arrest in the G1 phase, preventing the cells from entering the S phase. The performed cytometric analysis of DNA fragmentation indicates that the mechanism of EB355A action on the MCF-7 cell line is related to the induction of apoptosis. An in silico ADMET profile analysis of EB355A and EB365 showed that both compounds are bioactive molecules characterized by good intestinal absorption. In addition, the in silico studies indicate that the 28-indole-betulin derivatives are substances of relatively low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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10
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New Betulin Derivatives with Nitrogen Heterocyclic Moiety-Synthesis and Anticancer Activity In Vitro. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101540. [PMID: 36291749 PMCID: PMC9599051 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the search for new medicinal substances with potential application in oncology, the synthesis of new compounds combining the betulin molecule and the indole system was carried out. The structure of the ester derivatives obtained in the Steglich reaction was confirmed by spectroscopic methods (1H and 13C NMR, HR-MS). The obtained new 3-indolyl betulin derivatives were evaluated for anticancer activity against several human cancer cell lines (melanomas, breast cancers, colorectal adenocarcinomas, lung cancer) as well as normal human fibroblasts. The significant reduction in MCF-7 cells viability for 28-hydroxy-(lup-20(29)-ene)-3-yl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate was observed at a concentration of 10 µg/mL (17 µM). In addition, cytometric analysis showed that this compound strongly reduces the proliferation rate of breast cancer cells. For this, the derivative showing the promising cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the pharmacokinetic profile prediction was performed using in silico methods. Based on the results obtained in the study, it can be concluded that indole-functionalized triterpene EB367 is a promising starting point for further research in the field of breast cancer therapy or the synthesis of new derivatives.
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11
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Grymel M, Lalik A, Kazek-Kęsik A, Szewczyk M, Grabiec P, Erfurt K. Design, Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Triphenylphosphonium Derivatives of Betulin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165156. [PMID: 36014398 PMCID: PMC9416257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, natural products have been widely researched and their native scaffolds are the basis for the design and synthesis of new potential therapeutic agents. Betulin is an interesting biologically attractive natural parent molecule with a high safety profile and can easily undergo a variety of structural modifications. Herein, we describe the synthesis of new molecular hybrids of betulin via covalent linkage with an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety. The proposed strategy enables the preparation of semi-synthetic derivatives (28-TPP⊕ BN and 3,28-bisTPP⊕ BN) from betulin through simple transformations in high yields. The obtained results showed that the presence of a lipophilic cation improved the solubility of the tested analogs compared to betulin, and increased their cytotoxicity. Among the triphenylphosphonium derivatives tested, analogs 7a (IC50 of 5.56 µM) and 7b (IC50 of 5.77 µM) demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity against the colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT 116). TPP⊕-conjugates with betulin showed antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive reference Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 bacteria, at a 200 µM concentration in water. Hence, the conjugation of betulin's parent backbone with a triphenylphosphonium moiety promotes transport through the hydrophobic barriers of the mitochondrial membrane, making it a promising strategy to improve the bioavailability of natural substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Grymel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-032-237-1873; Fax: +48-032-237-2094
| | - Anna Lalik
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marietta Szewczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Grabiec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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12
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3-[(1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)oxy]propyl 9-hydroxy-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)icosahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[a]chrysene-3a-carboxylate. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report on the synthesis of a pentacyclic triterpene functionalized through derivation of betulinic acid with hydroxybenzotriazole. The compound was fully characterized by proton (1H-NMR), carbon-13 (13C-NMR), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT-135 and DEPT-90) nuclear magnetic resonance. Ultraviolet (UV), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies as well as and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were also adopted. Computational studies were conducted to foresee the interactions between compound 3 and phosphodiesterase 9, a relevant target in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, preliminary calculation of physico-chemical descriptors was performed to evaluate the drug-likeness of compound 3.
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13
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Becker L, Fischer F, Fleck JL, Harland N, Herkommer A, Stenzl A, Aicher WK, Schenke-Layland K, Marzi J. Data-Driven Identification of Biomarkers for In Situ Monitoring of Drug Treatment in Bladder Cancer Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136956. [PMID: 35805961 PMCID: PMC9266781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture recapitulating patient-specific histopathological and molecular diversity offers great promise for precision medicine in cancer. In this study, we established label-free imaging procedures, including Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), for in situ cellular analysis and metabolic monitoring of drug treatment efficacy. Primary tumor and urine specimens were utilized to generate bladder cancer organoids, which were further treated with various concentrations of pharmaceutical agents relevant for the treatment of bladder cancer (i.e., cisplatin, venetoclax). Direct cellular response upon drug treatment was monitored by RMS. Raman spectra of treated and untreated bladder cancer organoids were compared using multivariate data analysis to monitor the impact of drugs on subcellular structures such as nuclei and mitochondria based on shifts and intensity changes of specific molecular vibrations. The effects of different drugs on cell metabolism were assessed by the local autofluorophore environment of NADH and FAD, determined by multiexponential fitting of lifetime decays. Data-driven neural network and data validation analyses (k-means clustering) were performed to retrieve additional and non-biased biomarkers for the classification of drug-specific responsiveness. Together, FLIM and RMS allowed for non-invasive and molecular-sensitive monitoring of tumor-drug interactions, providing the potential to determine and optimize patient-specific treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Becker
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (L.B.); (K.S.-L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Felix Fischer
- Institute of Applied Optics (ITO), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (F.F.); (A.H.)
| | - Julia L. Fleck
- Mines Saint-Etienne, CNRS, UMR 6158 LIMOS, Centre CIS, Université Clermont Auvergne, 42270 Saint Jarez-en-Priest, France;
| | - Niklas Harland
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Alois Herkommer
- Institute of Applied Optics (ITO), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (F.F.); (A.H.)
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (N.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Wilhelm K. Aicher
- Center of Medical Research, Department of Urology at UKT, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (L.B.); (K.S.-L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tueingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Julia Marzi
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (L.B.); (K.S.-L.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tueingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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14
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Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Natural Pentacyclic Triterpenoids and Phytochemical Investigation of Different Fractions of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Stem Bark Using LCHRMS Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061805. [PMID: 35335169 PMCID: PMC8951313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ziziphus spina-christi L. (ZSC-L) is a tree with thorny branches, belongs to the family Rhamnaceae and grows in the sub-tropics. The purpose of this research is to isolate and partially purify bioactive components from the crude ethanol extract of the stem bark of ZSC-L. Besides, bioassay-guided fractionation of ZSC-L stem bark was conducted using different solvents. The solvents were reutilized to minimize the production cost and environmental harm. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of the fractions were analyzed, followed by metabolic profiling using LC-HRMS. The n-butanol fraction showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy, so it was subjected to further purification. For the first time, two major compounds were isolated from the stem bark of ZSC-L and identified as lupane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids betulinic acid and betulin. Both compounds were used as antibacterial and anticancer agents and considered as a green product as the extraction procedure reduced the use of hazardous chemicals. Metabolic characterization of ZSC-L and its bioactive fractions were performed using LC-HR-ESI-MS and the results revealed the dereplication of 36 compounds belonging to different chemical classes. Flavonoids and triterpenes were the most prominent metabolite classes in the different fractions. The molecular docking results were obtained by studying the interaction of betulin and betulinic acid with antimicrobial receptors (4UYM, 1IYL, 1AJ2, 6J7L, 1AD4, 2VEG) to support the in vitro results. Our study highlights that Ziziphus spina-christi and its phytoconstituents, especially triterpenoids, act as a promising antimicrobial candidate in pharmaceutical and clinical applications.
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The Influence of Betulin and Its Derivatives EB5 and ECH147 on the Antioxidant Status of Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052524. [PMID: 35269667 PMCID: PMC8910190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin and its derivatives, 28-propyne derivative EB5 and 29-diethyl phosphonate analog ECH147, are promising compounds in anti-tumor activity studies. However, their effect on kidney cells has not yet been studied. The study aimed to determine whether betulin and its derivatives—EB5 and ECH147—influence the viability and oxidative status of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs). The total antioxidant capacity of cells (TEAC), lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPX) were evaluated. Additionally, the mRNA level of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes was assessed. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were used as reference substances. Betulin and its derivatives affected the viability and antioxidant systems of RPTECs. Betulin strongly reduced TEAC in a concentration-dependent manner. All tested compounds caused an increase in MDA levels. The activity of SOD, CAT, and GPX, and the mRNA profiles of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes depended on the tested compound and its concentration. Betulin showed an cisplatin-like effect, indicating its nephrotoxic potential. Betulin derivatives EB5 and ECH147 showed different impacts on the antioxidant system, which gives hope that these compounds will not cause severe consequences for the kidneys in vivo.
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16
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EGFR-Targeted Pentacyclic Triterpene Analogues for Glioma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010945. [PMID: 34681605 PMCID: PMC8537327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, particularly its most malignant form, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most common and aggressive malignant central nervous system tumor. The drawbacks of the current chemotherapy for GBM have aroused curiosity in the search for targeted therapies. Aberrantly overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in GBM results in poor prognosis, low survival rates, poor responses to therapy and recurrence, and therefore EGFR-targeted therapy stands out as a promising approach for the treatment of gliomas. In this context, a series of pentacyclic triterpene analogues were subjected to in vitro and in silico assays, which were conducted to assess their potency as EGFR-targeted anti-glioma agents. In particular, compound 10 was the most potent anti-glioma agent with an IC50 value of 5.82 µM towards U251 human glioblastoma cells. Taking into account its low cytotoxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), compound 10 exerts selective antitumor action towards Jurkat human leukemic T-cells. This compound also induced apoptosis and inhibited EGFR with an IC50 value of 9.43 µM compared to erlotinib (IC50 = 0.06 µM). Based on in vitro and in silico data, compound 10 stands out as a potential orally bioavailable EGFR-targeted anti-glioma agent endowed with the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
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17
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Melnikova N, Malygina D, Balakireva A, Peretyagin P, Revin V, Devyataeva A, Malafeeva K, Revin V. The Effect of Betulin Diphosphate in Wound Dressings of Bacterial Cellulose-ZnO NPs on Platelet Aggregation and the Activity of Oxidoreductases Regulated by NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H-Balance in Burns on Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:5478. [PMID: 34576949 PMCID: PMC8469126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of platelet aggregation, and the activity of oxidoreductases and microhemocirculation in a burn wound on the treatment of burns with wound dressings based on bacterial nanocellulose (BC)-zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)-betulin diphosphate (BDP) were studied. The control of the treatment by BC-ZnO NPs-BDP on burned rats by the noninvasive DLF method showed an increase in perfusion and the respiratory component in wavelet spectra, characterizing an improvement in oxygen saturation in the wound. The study on the volunteers' blood found the inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 30-90%. Disaggregation depends on the dose under the action of the ionized form of BDP and ZnO NPs-BDP in a phosphate buffer; it was reversible and had two waves. It was shown on rats that the specific activity of LDHreverse and LDHdirect (control-intact animals) on day 21 of treatment increased by 11-38% and 23%, respectively. The LDHreverse/LDHdirect ratio increased at BC-ZnO NPs-BDP treatment, which characterizes efficient NAD+ regeneration. AlDH activity increased significantly in the first 10 days by 70-170%, reflecting the effectiveness of the enzyme and NAD+ in utilizing toxic aldehydes at this stage of burn disease. The activities of GR and G6PDH using NADP(H) were increased with BC-ZnO NPs-BDP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Melnikova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky University, 23/5 Gagarin Av., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Darina Malygina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Alyona Balakireva
- Central Research Laboratory, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Peretyagin
- Central Research Laboratory, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin Sq., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Vadim Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 68 Bolshevistskaya Str., 430005 Saransk, Russia; (V.R.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Anna Devyataeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 68 Bolshevistskaya Str., 430005 Saransk, Russia; (V.R.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Kseniya Malafeeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 68 Bolshevistskaya Str., 430005 Saransk, Russia; (V.R.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Viktor Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 68 Bolshevistskaya Str., 430005 Saransk, Russia; (V.R.); (A.D.); (K.M.); (V.R.)
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