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Mikami R, Tsukagoshi S, Arai K. Abnormal Enhancement of Protein Disulfide Isomerase-like Activity of a Cyclic Diselenide Conjugated with a Basic Amino Acid by Inserting a Glycine Spacer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111090. [PMID: 34827083 PMCID: PMC8615077 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported that (S)-1,2-diselenane-4-amine (1) catalyzes oxidative protein folding through protein disulfide isomerase (PDI)-like catalytic mechanisms and that the direct conjugation of a basic amino acid (Xaa: His, Lys, or Arg) via an amide bond improves the catalytic activity of 1 by increasing its diselenide (Se–Se) reduction potential (E′°). In this study, to modulate the Se–Se redox properties and the association of the compounds with a protein substrate, new catalysts, in which a Gly spacer was inserted between 1 and Xaa, were synthesized. Exhaustive comparison of the PDI-like catalytic activities and E′° values among 1, 1-Xaa, and 1-Gly-Xaa showed that the insertion of a Gly spacer into 1-Xaa either did not change or slightly reduced the PDI-like activity and the E′° values. Importantly, however, only 1-Gly-Arg deviated from this generality and showed obviously increased E°′ value and PDI-like activity compared to the corresponding compound with no Gly spacer (1-Arg); on the contrary, its catalytic activity was the highest among the diselenide compounds employed in this study, while this abnormal enhancement of the catalytic activity of 1-Gly-Arg could not be fully explained by the thermodynamics of the Se–Se bond and its association ability with protein substrates.
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