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Hellwig PS, Bartz RH, Santos RRSA, Guedes JS, Silva MS, Lenardão EJ, Perin G. Telescoping Synthesis of 4-Organyl-5-(organylselanyl)thiazol-2-amines Promoted by Ultrasound. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300690. [PMID: 38426670 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis of new 4-organyl-5-(organylselanyl)thiazol-2-amine hybrids through a one-pot two-step protocol. The transition metal-free method involves the use of ultrasound as an alternative energy source and Oxone® as oxidant. To obtain the products, a telescoping approach was used, in which 4-organylthiazol-2-amines were firstly prepared under ultrasonic irradiation, followed by the addition of diorganyl diselenides and Oxone®. Thus, 16 compounds were prepared, with yields ranging from 61 % to 98 %, using 2-bromoacetophenone derivatives and diorganyl diselenides as easily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S Hellwig
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo H Bartz
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela R S A Santos
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonatan S Guedes
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio S Silva
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, CEP: 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Sadeghi M. The untold story of starch as a catalyst for organic reactions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12676-12702. [PMID: 38645516 PMCID: PMC11027044 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00775a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Starch is one of the members of the polysaccharide family. This biopolymer has shown many potential applications in different fields such as catalytic reactions, water treatment, packaging, and food industries. In recent years, using starch as a catalyst has attracted much attention. From a catalytic point of view, starch can be used in organic chemistry reactions as a catalyst or catalyst support. Reports show that as a catalyst, simple starch can promote many heterocyclic compound reactions. On the other hand, functionalized starch is not only capable of advancing the synthesis of heterocycles but also is a good candidate catalyst for other reactions including oxidation and coupling reactions. This review tries to provide a fair survey of published organic reactions which include using starch as a catalyst or a part of the main catalyst. Therefore, the other types of starch applications are not the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Sadeghi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan P.O. Box: 87317-51167 Kashan Iran
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3
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Taj MB, Raheel A, Alelwani W, Alnajeebi AM, Alnoman RB, Javed T. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Thiazolidinone-Triazoles Derivatives as Antidiabetic Agents: Pharmacokinetics, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Antidiabetic Properties. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2023; 93:912-919. [PMID: 37252637 PMCID: PMC10209927 DOI: 10.1134/s1070363223040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is an eco-friendly and solventless method. In the present study, the surface of a custom-made closed mortar and pestle is used as a catalyst to synthesize thiazolidinone-triazole derivatives successfully. The compounds were subjected to potential antidiabetic activity. The results showed that para-chloro-substituted derivative (9c) is most active with IC50 values of 10±1.56. All three compounds 9a-9c with a maximum of 20% inhibition for ALR1 represent superior selectivity toward the targeted ALR2 to act as a lead in the search for new antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Taj
- Institute of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - A. Raheel
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - W. Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. M. Alnajeebi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. B. Alnoman
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Taibah University, Yanbu Branch, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Javed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, 57000 Sahiwal, Pakistan
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Mlakić M, Đurčević E, Odak I, Barić D, Juričević I, Šagud I, Burčul F, Lasić Z, Marinić Ž, Škorić I. Thieno-Thiazolostilbenes, Thienobenzo-Thiazoles, and Naphtho-Oxazoles: Computational Study and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093781. [PMID: 37175190 PMCID: PMC10180155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphtho-triazoles and thienobenzo-triazoles have so far proven to be very potent inhibitors of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Based on these results, in this work, new thienobenzo-thiazoles were designed and synthesized, and their potential inhibitory activity was tested and compared with their analogs, naphtho-oxazoles. The synthesis was carried out by photochemical cyclization of thieno-thiazolostilbenes obtained in the first reaction step. Several thienobenzo-thiazoles and naphtho-oxazoles have shown significant potential as BChE inhibitors, together with the phenolic thiazolostilbene being the most active of all tested compounds. These results are significant as BChE has been attracting growing attention due to its positive role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Computational examination based on the DFT approach enabled the characterization of the geometry and electronic structure of the studied molecules. Furthermore, the molecular docking study, accompanied by additional optimization of complexes ligand-active site, offered insight into the structure and stabilizing interactions in the complexes of studied molecules and BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Mlakić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ema Đurčević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilijana Odak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Danijela Barić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Juričević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivana Šagud
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Ksaverska Cesta 4, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zlata Lasić
- Teva Api Analytical R&D, Pliva, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Marinić
- NMR Center, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Methyl 9-(2-Iminothiazol-3(2H)-yl)-9-oxononanoate. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl 9-(2-iminothiazol-3(2H)-yl)-9-oxononanoate was synthesized through Schotten–Baumann type reaction between 2–aminothiazole and methyl 9-chloro-9-oxononanoate. The structure of the newly synthesized compound was elucidated based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, NOE, ESI-MS, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
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Palakkeezhillam VNV, Haribabu J, Manakkadan V, Rasin P, Varughese RE, Gayathri D, Bhuvanesh N, Echeverria C, Sreekanth A. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, single crystal X-ray analysis, DFT calculations, in vitro biological evaluation and in silico evaluation studies of thiosemicarbazones based 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Costa RK, Brancaglion GA, Pinheiro MP, Meira DA, da Silva BN, de V. Negrao CZ, de A. Gonçalves K, Rodrigues CT, Ambrósio AL, Guido RV, Pastre JC, Dias SM. Discovery of aminothiazole derivatives as a chemical scaffold for glutaminase inhibition. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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Nellutla MK, Kamarajugadda P, Soma L, Haridasyam RB, Narsimha S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel N-[3-fluoro-4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]thiazol-2-amine Derivatives as Potent Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents and ADMET. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2023.2169473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Nellutla
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Hanamkonda, India
- Aragen Life Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Ramesh Babu Haridasyam
- Department of Physical Sciences/Chemistry, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Hanumakonda, India
| | - Sirassu Narsimha
- Department of Chemistry, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Hanamkonda, India
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Hafsa, Shah HUR, Ahmad K, Ashfaq M, Oku H. Free radical scavenging, antibacterial potentials and spectroscopic characterizations of benzoyl thiourea derivatives and their metal complexes. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Kanagasabapathy G, Britto S, Anbazhagan V. Synthesis, characterization and molecular docking studies of highly functionalized and biologically active derivatives of 2-aminothiazole. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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SPIONs as a nanomagnetic catalyst for the synthesis and anti-microbial activity of 2-aminothiazoles derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Pagacz-Kostrzewa M, Bumażnik D, Coussan S, Sałdyka M. Structure, Spectra and Photochemistry of 2-Amino-4-Methylthiazole: FTIR Matrix Isolation and Theoretical Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123897. [PMID: 35745029 PMCID: PMC9227644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The structure, tautomerization pathways, vibrational spectra, and photochemistry of 2-amino-4-methylthiazole (AMT) molecule were studied by matrix isolation FTIR spectroscopy and DFT calculations undertaken at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. The most stable tautomer with the five-membered ring stabilized by two double C=C and C=N bonds, was detected in argon matrices after deposition. When the AMT/Ar matrices were exposed to 265 nm selective irradiation, three main photoproducts, N-(1-sulfanylprop-1-en-2-yl)carbodiimide (fp1), N-(1-thioxopropan-2-yl)carbodiimide (fp2) and N-(2-methylthiiran-2-yl)carbodiimide (fp3), were photoproduced by a cleavage of the CS–CN bond together with hydrogen atom migration. The minor photoreaction caused by the cleavage of the CS–CC bond and followed by hydrogen migration formed 2-methyl-1H-azirene-1-carbimidothioic acid (fp15). We have also found that cleavage of the CS–CN bond followed by disruption of the N–C bond produced cyanamide (fp11) and the C(CH3)=CH–S biradical that transformed into 2-methylthiirene (fp12) and further photoreactions produced 1-propyne-1-thiole (fp13) or methylthioketene (fp14). Cleavage of the CS–CC bond followed by disruption of the N–C bond produced propyne (fp22) and the S–C(NH2)=N biradical that transformed into 3-aminethiazirene (fp23); further photoreactions produced N-sulfanylcarbodiimide (fp25). As a result of these transformations, several molecular complexes were identified as photoproducts besides new molecules in the AMT photolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pagacz-Kostrzewa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.-K.); (D.B.)
| | - Daria Bumażnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.-K.); (D.B.)
| | - Stéphane Coussan
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, PIIM, 13013 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +33-41-3946-419 (S.C.)
| | - Magdalena Sałdyka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.-K.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (M.S.); Tel.: +33-41-3946-419 (S.C.)
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13
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Lim W, Verbon A, van de Sande W. Identifying novel drugs with new modes of action for neglected tropical fungal skin diseases (fungal skinNTDs) using an Open Source Drug discovery approach. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:641-659. [PMID: 35612364 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2080195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The three fungal skin neglected tropical diseases (NTD) mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis and sporotrichosis currently lack prioritization and support to establish drug discovery programs in search for novel treatment options. This has made the efforts to identify novel drugs for these skinNTDs fragmented. AREAS COVERED To help escalate the discovery of novel drugs to treat these fungal skinNTDs, the authors have prepared an overview of the compounds with activity against fungal skinNTDs by analyzing data from individual drug discovery studies including those performed on the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) open access boxes. EXPERT OPINION The authors were unable to identify studies in which causative agents of all three skinNTDs were included, indicating that an integrated approach is currently lacking. From the currently available data, the azoles and iodoquinol were the only compounds with activity against causative agents from the three different fungal skinNTDs. Fungal melanin inhibition enhanced the activity of antifungal agents. For mycetoma, the fenarimols, aminothiazoles and benzimidazole carbamates are currently being investigated in the MycetOS initiative. To come to a more integrated approach to identify drugs active against all three fungal skinNTDs, compounds made in the MycetOS initiative could also be explored for chromoblastomycosis and sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy van de Sande
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Yılmaz ZT, Odabaşoğlu HY, Şenel P, Yüzbaşıoğlu EÇ, Erdoğan T, Özdemir AD, Gölcü A, Odabaşoğlu M, Büyükgüngör O. Identification of a 3-(5-methyl-2-thiazolylamino)phthalide as a new minor groove agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:4048-4064. [PMID: 35416121 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2061595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new 3-(5-methyl-2-thiazolylamino)phthalide molecule, 3-((5-methylthiazol-2-yl)amino)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one, was synthesized and characterized experimentally by FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis, and single-crystal X-ray analysis and theoretically by quantum chemical calculations. The single-crystal X-ray studies revealed that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P-21/c with unit-cell parameters a = 8.0550(6) Å, b = 6.1386(3) Å, c = 23.3228(18) Å, β = 97.724(6)° and Z = 4. Optimized geometries and the vibrational frequencies were studied at the density functional theory (DFT) level by using the hybrid functional B3LYP with a 6-311 G (d,p) basis set. The title compound was evaluated for its anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) activity on Chromobacterium violaceum 12472 and additionally for its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis 12228, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853, Escherichia coli 25922, and Proteus mirabilis 14153. The lowest MIC value was 0.24 μg/mL for S. aureus 29213 and the highest MIC value was 30.75 μg/mL for E. coli 25922. While anti-bacterial activity was observed in those other than the S. epidermidis and P. Mirabilis, anti-QS activity wasn't detected. Investigations on dsDNA binding affinity indicate that the title compound binds to dsDNA via the groove binding mode. Molecular docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations results showed also that the title compound prefers binding to the minor groove of dsDNA and remains stable in the minor groove throughout the molecular dynamics simulation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pelin Şenel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey Istanbul
| | - Elif Çepni Yüzbaşıoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Erdoğan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Kocaeli Vocational School, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Daut Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey Istanbul
| | - Ayşegül Gölcü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey Istanbul
| | - Mustafa Odabaşoğlu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Denizli Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Althagafi I. Molecular modeling and antioxidant evaluation of new di-2-thienyl ketones festooned with thiazole or pyridine moiety. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Simić D, Zarić M, Nikolić I, Živković-Zarić R, Čanović P, Kočović A, Radojević I, Raković I, Jovičić Milić S, Petrović Đ, Stojković D, Vuković N, Kačániová M, Vukić M, Jevtić V. Newly synthesized palladium(II) complexes with aminothiazole derivatives: in vitro study of antimicrobial activity and antitumor activity on the human prostate cancer cell line. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1191-1205. [PMID: 34951416 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03364f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Five new complexes of the palladium(II) ion (C1-C5) having the general formula [(PdL2)]Cl2 with some 2-aminothiazoles (L1-L5), where L1 = 2-amino-4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)thiazole, L2 = 2-amino-5-methyl-4-phenylthiazole, L3 = 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole, L4 = 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole, and L5 = 2-amino-4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)thiazole, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental microanalysis and infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the five ligands and the corresponding Pd(II) complexes is investigated. Testing is performed by the microdilution method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) have been determined. Testing is conducted against 11 microorganisms (nine strains of pathogenic bacteria and two yeast species). The tested ligands and palladium(II) complexes show selective, high and moderate activity. There is a difference in antimicrobial activity between the ligands and the corresponding palladium(II) complexes. The complexes have significant anti-staphylococcal activity and activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is better than the positive control. The interactions of newly synthesized palladium(II) complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated using UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Analysis of UV-absorption and fluorescence spectra indicates the formation of a complex between the palladium(II) complexes and DNA. The high values of intrinsic binding constants, Kb, of the order 104 M-1 and Stern-Volmer quenching constants, KSV, of the order 105 M-1 indicated very good binding of all complexes to CT-DNA. Also, the new Pd(II) complexes show high cytotoxic activity towards the human prostate cancer cell line and insignificant activity towards non-cancerous human fibroblasts. Future research could additionally explore the biological activity of Pd(II) complexes presented in this paper and investigate the possibility of their implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Simić
- University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia, Military Medical Academy, Department of Urology, Crnotravska 17, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Zarić
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Nikolić
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Radica Živković-Zarić
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Petar Čanović
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandar Kočović
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivana Radojević
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Radoja Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivana Raković
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Infectious diseases, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sandra Jovičić Milić
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Stojković
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Institute for Information Technologies, Jovana Cvijica bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Vuković
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Slovak University of Agriculture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Department of Fruit sciences, Viticulture and Enology, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra-Chrenová, Slovakia
| | - Milena Vukić
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Verica Jevtić
- University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Lemilemu F, Bitew M, Demissie TB, Eswaramoorthy R, Endale M. Synthesis, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Thiazole-based Schiff base derivatives: a combined experimental and computational study. BMC Chem 2021; 15:67. [PMID: 34949213 PMCID: PMC8697436 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00791-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole-based Schiff base compounds display significant pharmacological potential with an ability to modulate the activity of many enzymes involved in metabolism. They also demonstrated to have antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities. In this work, conventional and green approaches using ZnO nanoparticles as catalyst were used to synthesize thiazole-based Schiff base compounds. RESULTS Among the synthesized compounds, 11 showed good activities towards Gram-negative E. coli (14.40 ± 0.04), and Gram-positive S. aureus (15.00 ± 0.01 mm), respectively, at 200 μg/mL compared to amoxicillin (18.00 ± 0.01 mm and 17.00 ± 0.04). Compounds 7 and 9 displayed better DPPH radical scavenging potency with IC50 values of 3.6 and 3.65 μg/mL, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid (3.91 μg/mL). The binding affinity of the synthesized compounds against DNA gyrase B is within - 7.5 to - 6.0 kcal/mol, compared to amoxicillin (- 6.1 kcal/mol). The highest binding affinity was achieved for compounds 9 and 11 (- 6.9, and - 7.5 kcal/mol, respectively). Compounds 7 and 9 displayed the binding affinity values of - 5.3 to - 5.2 kcal/mol, respectively, against human peroxiredoxin 5. These values are higher than that of ascorbic acid (- 4.9 kcal/mol), in good agreement with the experimental findings. In silico cytotoxicity predictions showed that the synthesized compounds Lethal Dose (LD50) value are class three (50 ≤ LD50 ≤ 300), indicating that the compounds could be categorized under toxic class. Density functional theory calculations showed that the synthesized compounds have small band gap energies ranging from 1.795 to 2.242 eV, demonstrating that the compounds have good reactivities. CONCLUSIONS The synthesized compounds showed moderate to high antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The in vitro antibacterial activity and molecular docking analysis showed that compound 11 is a promising antibacterial therapeutics agent against E. coli, whereas compounds 7 and 9 were found to be promising antioxidant agents. Moreover, the green synthesis approach using ZnO nanoparticles as catalyst was found to be a very efficient method to synthesize biologically active compounds compared to the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitsum Lemilemu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.
| | - Mamaru Bitew
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Taye B Demissie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Notwane Rd, P/bag UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Milkyas Endale
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.
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