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Machuca Á, Hernández VA, Deramond C, Contreras-Machuca P. The colorful fungi of the Chilean forests: Production, chemical characterization and possible applications of their pigments. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 128:1-40. [PMID: 39059841 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In Chile, as in the rest of the world, only a small fraction of the fungal diversity inhabiting the wide variety of its ecosystems is known. This diversity must hide an inestimable richness of species with interesting biotechnological potential, including fungal pigment producers. Recently, interest in filamentous fungi has increased significantly due to their importance as alternative sources of pigments and colorants that are environmentally and human health friendly. As a result, fungal pigments are gaining importance in various industrial applications, such as food, textiles, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc. The increasing consumer demand for "green label" natural colorants requires the exploration of different ecosystems in search of new fungal species that are efficient producers of different pigment with a wide range of colors and ideally without the co-production of mycotoxins. However, advances are also needed in pigment production processes through fermentation, scale-up from laboratory to industrial scale, and final product formulation and marketing. In this respect, the journey is still full of challenges for scientists and entrepreneurs. This chapter describes studies on pigment-producing fungi collected in the forests of central-southern Chile. Aspects such as the exploration of potential candidates as sources of extracellular pigments, the optimization of pigment production by submerged fermentation, methods of pigment extraction and purification for subsequent chemical characterization, and formulation (by microencapsulation) for potential cosmetic applications are highlighted. This potential use is due to the outstanding bioactivity of most fungal pigments, making them interesting functional ingredients for many applications. Finally, the use of fungal pigments for textile and spalting applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Machuca
- School of Science and Technology, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Los Ángeles, Los Ángeles, Chile.
| | - Vicente A Hernández
- Biotechnology Center and Faculty of Forestry Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Christian Deramond
- School of Science and Technology, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Los Ángeles, Los Ángeles, Chile
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Sae-Lim S, Ngiwsara L, Lirdprapamongkol K, Puttamuk T, Maneeanakekul S, Thangsan P, Sangsuwan W, Svasti J, Chuawong P. Anthraquinones from the roots of Morinda scabrida Craib exhibit antiproliferative activity against A549 lung cancer cells and antitubulin polymerization. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105781. [PMID: 38128619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Six anthraquinones were isolated from Morinda scabrida Craib, an unexplored species of Morinda found in the tropical forest of Thailand. All six anthraquinones showed cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells, with the most active compound, nordamnacanthal (MS01), exhibiting the IC50 value of 16.3 ± 2.5 μM. The cytotoxic effect was dose-dependent and led to cell morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis. In addition, flow cytometric analysis showed dose-dependent apoptosis induction and the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, which was in agreement with the tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity of MS01. Molecular docking analysis illustrated the binding between MS01 and the α/β-tubulin heterodimer at the colchicine binding site, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy revealed the DNA binding capacity of MS01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorachai Sae-Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance (AMR), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Lukana Ngiwsara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | | | - Thamrongjet Puttamuk
- School of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
| | - Sutida Maneeanakekul
- School of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
| | - Poomsith Thangsan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance (AMR), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Withsakorn Sangsuwan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance (AMR), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Pitak Chuawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance (AMR), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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3-Hydroxymorindone from Knoxia roxburghii (Spreng.) M. A. Rau induces ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction cervical cancer cells apoptosis via inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Murthy HN, Joseph KS, Paek KY, Park SY. Production of anthraquinones from cell and organ cultures of Morinda species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2061-2071. [PMID: 36847855 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, Morinda species, particularly Morinda citrifolia, have been used for their therapeutic benefits. Iridoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, phytosterols, and carotenoids are examples of natural substances with bioactivity. Anthraquinone derivatives are the most significant of these chemicals since they are utilized as natural coloring agents and have a wide range of medicinal functions. Utilizing cell and organ cultures of Morinda species, various biotechnological methods have been developed for the bioproduction of anthraquinone derivatives. The generation of anthraquinone derivatives in cell and organ cultures is summarized in this article. The methods used to produce these chemicals in bioreactor cultures have also been examined. KEY POINTS: • This review investigates the potential of cell and organ cultures for anthraquinone synthesis. • The overproduction of anthraquinones has been addressed using a variety of techniques. • The use of bioreactor technologies for anthraquinone manufacturing is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India.
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Woradulayapinij W, Pothiluk A, Nualsanit T, Yimsoo T, Yingmema W, Rojanapanthu P, Hong Y, Baek SJ, Treesuppharat W. Acute oral toxicity of damnacanthal and its anticancer activity against colorectal tumorigenesis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1968-1976. [PMID: 36518435 PMCID: PMC9742955 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Damnacanthal is an anthraquinone, extracted, and purified from the root of Morinda citrifolia in Thailand. This study aimed to measure acute oral toxicity and to investigate the anticancer activity of damnacanthal in colorectal tumorigenesis. We found that the growth of human colorectal cancer cells was inhibited by damnacanthal in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. The growth inhibitory effect of damnacanthal was better than that of 5-FU used as a positive control in colorectal cancer cells, along with the downregulation of cell cycle protein cyclin D1. Similarly, an oral treatment of damnacanthal effectively inhibited the growth of colorectal tumor xenografts in nude mice, which was approximately 2-3-fold higher as compared to 5-FU by tumor size as well as expression of bioluminescence. Furthermore, the study of acute oral toxicity in mice exhibited a relatively low toxicity of damnacanthal with a LD50 cut-off value of 2500 mg/kg according to OECD Guideline 423. These results reveal the potential therapeutic activity of a natural damnacanthal compound as an anti-colorectal cancer drug.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-Fluorouracil
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AST, Aspartate aminotransferase
- Acute oral toxicity
- Anticancer activity
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- BUN, Blood urea nitrogen
- Colorectal tumorigenesis
- D20, Damnacanthal at 20 mg/kg
- D40, Damnacanthal at 40 mg/kg
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPBS, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline
- Damnacanthal
- F20, 5-Fluorouracil at 20 mg/kg
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- IC50, Half-maximal inhibitory concentration
- LD50, Median lethal dose
- MS, Mass spectrometry
- MTT, 3-(4,5-Dimethythiazol-2-yl)− 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NC, Negative control
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- PMSF, Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- TBST, Tris-buffered saline containing 0.05 % Tween 20
- TLC, Thin layer chromatography
- VLC, Vacuum liquid chromatographic method
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Affiliation(s)
- Warunya Woradulayapinij
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Mechanisms of Drug Action and Molecular Imaging, Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Apipu Pothiluk
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Mechanisms of Drug Action and Molecular Imaging, Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Thararat Nualsanit
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Thunyatorn Yimsoo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Werayut Yingmema
- Laboratory Animal Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pleumchitt Rojanapanthu
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yukyung Hong
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Worapapar Treesuppharat
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Mechanisms of Drug Action and Molecular Imaging, Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Latifah SY, Gopalsamy B, Abdul Rahim R, Manaf Ali A, Haji Lajis N. Ultrastructural and Morphological Effects in T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia CEM-SS Cells Following Treatment with Nordamnacanthal and Damnacanthal from Roots of Morinda elliptica. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134136. [PMID: 35807381 PMCID: PMC9268620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Morinda elliptica (family Rubiaceae), locally known as ‘mengkudu kecil’, has been used by the Malays for medicinal purposes. Anthraquinones isolated from the roots of Morinda elliptica, namely nordamnacanthal and damnacanthal, have been widely reported to exhibit anticancer and antioxidant properties in various cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Aim: This study analyzed the morphological and ultrastructural effects of damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal on T-lymphoblastic leukemia CEM-SS cells. Method: Light microscopy, Giemsa staining, Wright’s staining, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to determine apoptosis, necrosis, and ultrastructural changes that occurred within the cells. Results: The outcomes showed that these compounds induced cell death by apoptosis and necrosis, specifically at higher doses of 10 and 30 μg/mL. Condensation and fragmentation of the nuclear chromatin, which further separated into small, membrane-bound vesicles known as apoptotic bodies, were observed in the nuclei and cytoplasm. The plasma membranes and cytoskeletons also showed marked morphological changes upon treatment with damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal, indicating apoptosis. Conclusion: Therefore, we report that damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal exhibit anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis and necrosis in CEM-SS cells, and they have potential as a drug for the treatment of T-lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Yazan Latifah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-89472308
| | - Banulata Gopalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu 20300, Malaysia;
| | - Nordin Haji Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Carrillo JT, Borthakur D. Do Uncommon Plant Phenolic Compounds Have Uncommon Properties? A Mini Review on Novel Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2021. [PMCID: PMC8445810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique plants and their properties, once considered synonymous to medicine, remain a potent source for new compounds in modern science. Plant polyphenols and natural products continue to be investigated for effective treatments for the most persistent of human ailments. In this review, fifty novel plant phenolic compounds have been compiled and briefly described from the previous five years. Select compounds and notable plant species from genus Morinda and Sophora are further expanded on. Traditional medicine plants often contain rich and diverse mixtures of flavonoids, from which rare compounds should receive attention. The bioactivity of crude plant extracts, purified compounds and mixtures can differ greatly, requiring that these interactions and mechanisms of action be investigated in greater detail. Novel applications of uncommon natural products, namely mimosine and juglone, are explored within this review. The 2019 coronavirus pandemic has resulted in abrupt spike of related scientific publications: speculation is made regarding plant natural products and future of antiviral drug discovery.
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