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Kamol P, Nukool W, Pumjaroen S, Inthima P, Kongbangkerd A, Suphrom N, Buddhachat K. Harnessing postharvest light emitting diode (LED) technology of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. to improve centelloside content by up-regulating gene expressions in the triterpenoid pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23639. [PMID: 38192854 PMCID: PMC10772125 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. has wound healing, anti-inflammatory, cognitive improvement, and neuroprotective properties which have been attributed to its centelloside content. However, the quantities of these bioactive compounds are limited and vary due to genetic and environmental factors. Light qualities are known to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in several plant species, both preharvest and postharvest. In this study, fresh leaves of C. asiatica were subjected to different light emitting diode (LED) quality including white, dark, red, blue, and green to assess centelloside content, phytochemical constituents, and transcription level expression of triterpenoid biosynthesis genes. Results showed that white and blue LEDs significantly increased centelloside content in C. asiatica leaves at 3 days postharvest (dph) by 73 % over the control group at 0 dph. Blue LEDs stimulated the expression of triterpenoid biosynthesis genes including C. asiatica squalene synthase (CaSQS), C. asiatica β-amyrin synthase (CabAS), and C. asiatica UDP gluclosyltransferase-73AH1 (CaUGT73AH1; CaUGT), while different LED conditions gave diverse results. Red LED treatment triggered higher total flavonoid content (TFC) and total triterpenoid content (TTC) while white LEDs enhanced total triterpenoid content (TTC). Taken together, our findings suggest that postharvest under blue LEDs is a great approach to increase centelloside production of C. asiatica through gene up-regulation in triterpenoid pathway. Therefore, postharvest technology by LEDs serves as an effective tool for improving raw material quality for medicinal plant industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puntitra Kamol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Wanrachon Nukool
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Sakuntala Pumjaroen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Phithak Inthima
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Anupan Kongbangkerd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suphrom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Buddhachat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Costanzo G, Vitale E, Iesce MR, Spinelli M, Fontanarosa C, Paradiso R, Amoresano A, Arena C. Modulation of Antioxidant Compounds in Fruits of Citrus reticulata Blanco Using Postharvest LED Irradiation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1029. [PMID: 37508457 PMCID: PMC10376515 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Phlegrean mandarin fruits are already known for health-promoting properties due to the high concentration of phytochemicals in peel, pulp, and seed. Biotic and abiotic factors, including light, may modulate their biosynthesis, metabolism, and accumulation. In this context, light-emitting diodes (LED) have recently been applied to control nutritional traits, ripening process, senescence, fruit shelf-life, and pathogenic microbial spoilage of fruits. This study investigated the effect of the seven-day exposure of Phlegrean mandarin fruits to two LED regimes, white (W) and red-blue (RB), to test the possibility that the storage under specific light wavelengths may be used as green preservation technology that enhances fruit phytochemical properties. To pursue this aim, the antioxidant activity and polyphenolic profile of the pulp and peel of mandarins under W and RB light regimes were evaluated and compared with Control fruits not exposed to LED treatment. Our results indicated that storage under W and RB treatments modulates the antioxidant content in pulp and peel differently. Compared to W, the RB regime increases the ascorbic acid, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid concentrations, while the polyphenol profile analysis reveals that the number of important phytochemicals, i.e., quercetin rutinoside, chlorogenic acid, sinensetin, and rutin, are higher under W. The overall data demonstrated that postharvest LED irradiation is a valid tool for modifying fruit phytochemical properties, which also boosts specific bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Iesce
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Spinelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Martínez-Zamora L, Castillejo N, Artés–Hernández F. Effect of postharvest visible spectrum LED lighting on quality and bioactive compounds of tomatoes during shelf life. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Alsina I, Erdberga I, Duma M, Alksnis R, Dubova L. Changes in Greenhouse Grown Tomatoes Metabolite Content Depending on Supplemental Light Quality. Front Nutr 2022; 9:830186. [PMID: 35392291 PMCID: PMC8980428 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.830186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are good source of several biologically active compounds and antioxidants, especially lycopene, phenolic compounds, and vitamins. Tomatoes are found all over the world and are cultivated in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Light-emitting diode (LED) lamps are increasingly being used in the cultivation of tomatoes due to their cost-effectiveness and wide range of possibilities to adapt the spectrum of light emitted to the needs of plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different additional lighting used in the greenhouse on the accumulation of biologically active compounds in different varieties of tomato fruit. Chemical composition—content of organic acids, lycopene, total carotenoids, total phenolics and flavonoids as well as dry matter, soluble solids content, and taste index were determined in five tomato cultivars (“Bolzano F1,” “Chocomate F1,” “Diamont F1,” “Encore F1,” and “Strabena F1”), which were cultivated in greenhouse in an autumn-spring season by using additional lighting with 16 h photoperiod. Three different lighting sources were used: LED, induction (IND) lamp, and high-pressure sodium lamp (HPSL). Experiments were performed during 3 years. Results showed that tomato varieties react differently to the supplemental lighting used. Cultivars, such as “Encore” and “Strabena,” are the most unresponsive to supplemental light. Experiments have shown that HPSL stimulates the accumulation of primary metabolites in tomato fruit. In all the cases, soluble solids content was 4.7–18.2% higher as compared to other lighting sources. As LED and IND lamps emit about 20% blue-violet light, the results suggest that blue-violet light of the spectrum stimulates the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the fruit by 1.6–47.4% under IND and 10.2–15.6% under LED compared to HPSL. Red fruit varieties tend to synthesize more β-carotene under supplemental LED and IND light. An increase of blue promotes the synthesis of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Alsina
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Ieva Erdberga
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
- *Correspondence: Ieva Erdberga
| | - Mara Duma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Reinis Alksnis
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Information Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Laila Dubova
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
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Advances, Applications, and Comparison of Thermal (Pasteurization, Sterilization, and Aseptic Packaging) against Non-Thermal (Ultrasounds, UV Radiation, Ozonation, High Hydrostatic Pressure) Technologies in Food Processing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, food treatment technologies are constantly evolving due to an increasing demand for healthier and tastier food with longer shelf lives. In this review, our aim is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of some of the most exploited industrial techniques for food processing and microorganism deactivation, dividing them into those that exploit high temperatures (pasteurization, sterilization, aseptic packaging) and those that operate thanks to their inherent chemical–physical principles (ultrasound, ultraviolet radiation, ozonation, high hydrostatic pressure). The traditional thermal methods can reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms to safe levels, but non-thermal technologies can also reduce or remove the adverse effects that occur using high temperatures. In the case of ultrasound, which inactivates pathogens, recent advances in food treatment are reported. Throughout the text, novel discoveries of the last decade are presented, and non-thermal methods have been demonstrated to be more attractive for processing a huge variety of foods. Preserving the quality and nutritional values of the product itself and at the same time reducing bacteria and extending shelf life are the primary targets of conscious producers, and with non-thermal technologies, they are increasingly possible.
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Cano-Molina C, López-Fernández A, Díaz-González N, González-Barrio R, Baenas N, Periago M, García-Alonso F. Storage under combined ultraviolet (UV) and light-emitting diodes (LED) enhances carotenoid concentration in mature green tomatoes. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2021.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tomato is rich in different bioactive compounds, especially the carotenoid lycopene, which intake is associated with various health benefits. Post-harvest use of ultraviolet light (UV) and light-emitting diode (LED) has been shown to increase the concentration of tomato bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet (A and C) and red-blue LED light on the concentration of carotenoids during a 7-days storage trial of mature green tomatoes. Exposure to combined UV and LED light nearly doubled the total carotenoid concentration and had no negative impact on sensory attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Cano-Molina
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A. López-Fernández
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - N. Díaz-González
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - R. González-Barrio
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - N. Baenas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M.J. Periago
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - F.J. García-Alonso
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain
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