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Cappelluti F, Gontrani L, Mariani A, Galliano S, Carbone M, Bonomo M. Voronoi Tessellation as a Tool for Predicting the Formation of Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Chem Inf Model 2024. [PMID: 38950140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their broad applicability in different fields, but their computer-aided discovery, which avoids a time-consuming trial-and-error investigation, is still lagging. In this paper, a set of nine DESs, composed of choline chloride as a hydrogen-bond acceptor and nine functionalized phenols as hydrogen bond donors, is simulated by using classical molecular dynamics to investigate the possible formation of a DES. The tool of the Voronoi tessellation analysis is employed for producing an intuitive and straightforward representation of the degree of mixing between the different components of the solutions, therefore permitting the definition of a metric quantifying the propensity of the components to produce a uniform solution. The computational findings agree with the experimental results, thus confirming that the Voronoi tessellation analysis can act as a lightweight yet powerful approach for the high-throughput screening of mixtures in the optics of the new DES design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Startnetics - Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Elettra Synchrotron of Trieste, SS per Basovizza, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Galliano
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Startnetics - Department of Chemical Science and Technologies University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Santos CV, Monteiro SA, Soares ASC, Souto ICA, Moura RT. Decoding Chemical Bonds: Assessment of the Basis Set Effect on Overlap Electron Density Descriptors and Topological Properties in Comparison to QTAIM. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7997-8014. [PMID: 37703453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical bonding descriptors based on the total and overlap density can provide valuable information about chemical interactions in different systems. However, these descriptors can be sensitive to the basis set used. To address this, different numerical treatments of electron density have been proposed to reduce the basis set dependency. In this work, we introduce overlap properties (OPs) obtained through numerical treatment of the electron density and present the topology of overlap density (TOP) for the first time. We compare the basis set dependency of numerical OP and TOP descriptors with their quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) counterparts, considering the total electron density. Three single (C-C, C-O, and C-F) bonds in ethane, methanol, and fluoromethane and two double (C═C and C═O) bonds in ethene and formaldehyde were analyzed. Diatomic molecules Li-X with X = F, Cl, and Br were also analyzed. Eight parameters, including QTAIM descriptors and OP/TOP descriptors, are used to assess the basis dependency at the ωB97X-D level of theory using 28 basis sets from three classes: Pople, Ahlrichs, and Dunning. The study revealed that the topological overlap electron density properties exhibit comparatively lesser dependence on the basis set compared to their total electron density counterparts. Remarkably, these properties retain their chemical significance even with reduced basis set dependency. Similarly, numerical OP descriptors show less basis set dependency than their QTAIM counterparts. The excess of polarization functions increases charge concentration in the interatomic region and influences both QTAIM and OP descriptors. The basis sets Def2TZVP, 6-31++G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p), cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ, and cc-pVQZ demonstrate reduced variability for the tested bond classes in this study, with particular emphasis on the triple-ζ quality Ahlrichs' basis set. We recommend against using basis sets with numerous polarization functions, such as augmented Dunning's and Ahlrichs' quadruple-ζ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos V Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Shirlene A Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, Paraiba 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Amanda S C Soares
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Isabeli C A Souto
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Renaldo T Moura
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba 58397-000, Brazil
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
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Mazzilli V, Wang Y, Saielli G. The structuring effect of the alkyl domains on the polar network of ionic liquid mixtures: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18783-18792. [PMID: 35904021 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02786k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the structural and dynamic properties of mixtures of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [C1C1im][Tf2N] and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [C12C1im][Tf2N] (also C1 and C12 in short). Such mixtures feature an imidazolium bistriflimide salt with a very short alkyl chain, not giving rise to any nano-segregation as a pure component, with another one with a longer alkyl chain that exhibits a substantial nano-segregation as a pure liquid. As the mole fraction of the long-chain component C12 is increased, the so-called pre-peak of the structure factor S(q), occurring in the region 1-3 nm-1, shows a shift to higher values of the wavevector q, mirroring a decrease of the corresponding correlation length. Moreover, the intensity of the pre-peak strongly increases with the C12 concentration. These results are in very good agreement with experimental X-ray scattering data in the literature. On the other hand, the diffusion of the ions is found to exhibit a simple behaviour consistent with the increased viscosity of the mixture, and these results are also in good agreement with NMR experimental data from the literature. The simulation results are rationalized as caused by a structuring effect, similar to the hydrophobic effect, of the alkyl domains of the C12 component dissolved in the "solvent" represented by the C1 cation, the Tf2N- anion and the C12 cation head. In short, the exclusion of the alkyl chains from the polar network, a process mostly governed by electrostatic interactions, favours the formation of hydrophobic domains, which in turn exert a structuring effect on the ions of the polar domains, favouring a stronger ionic interaction. This is finally reflected in a shorter correlation length and a higher intensity of the pre-peak of the structure factor S(q) as the C12 mole fraction is increased. At variance with the microscopic structure, the diffusion of all three types of ions is not strongly influenced by the nano-segregation and is essentially dependent on the viscosity of the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Mazzilli
- CNR Institute on Membrane Technology, Unit of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1 - 35131 Padova, Italy. .,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1 - 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yanting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 55 East Zhongguancun Road, P. O. Box 2735, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Giacomo Saielli
- CNR Institute on Membrane Technology, Unit of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1 - 35131 Padova, Italy. .,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1 - 35131 Padova, Italy
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Yang Y, Cheramy J, Brehm M, Xu Y. Raman Optical Activity of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine in water and in methanol: the "clusters-in-a-liquid" model and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200161. [PMID: 35353934 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Raman and Raman Optical Activity (ROA) spectra of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC), a flexible chiral molecule, were measured in water and in methanol to evaluate the solvent effects. Two different solvation approaches, i.e. the DFT based clusters-in-a-liquid solvent model and the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, were applied to simulate the Raman and ROA spectra. Systematic conformational searches were carried out using a recently developed conformational searching tool, CREST, with the inclusion of polarizable continuum model of water and of methanol. The CREST candidates of NALC and the NALC-solvent complexes were re-optimized and their Raman and ROA simulations were done at the B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-TZVP and the B3LYP-aug-cc-pVDZ//cc-pVTZ levels. Also, AIMD simulations , which includes some anharmonic effects and all intermolecular interactions in solution, were performed. By empirically weighting the computed Raman and ROA spectra of each conformer, good agreements with the experimental data were achieved with both approaches, while AIMD offered some improvements in the carbonyl and in the low wavenumber regions over the static DFT approach. The pros and cons of these two different approaches for accounting the solvent effects on Raman and ROA of this flexible chiral system will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Brehm
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Yunjie Xu
- University of Alberta Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, T6G 2G2, Edmonton, CANADA
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Santos-Jr CV, Lima EM, Moura Jr RT. Numerical integration of overlap electron densities: Parallelization strategies for a good load balancing using OpenMP. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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