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Siemiaszko G, Breczko J, Hryniewicka A, Ilnicka A, Markiewicz KH, Terzyk AP, Plonska-Brzezinska ME. Composites containing resins and carbon nano-onions as efficient porous carbon materials for supercapacitors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6606. [PMID: 37095172 PMCID: PMC10126139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the functionalization of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) with the hydroxyaryl group and subsequent modifications with resins: resorcinol-formaldehyde using porogenic Pluronic F-127, resorcinol-formaldehyde-melamine, benzoxazine made of bisphenol A and triethylenetetramine, and calix[4]resorcinarene-derived using F-127. Following the direct carbonization, extensive physicochemical analysis was carried out, including Fourier transform infrared, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and adsorption-desorption of N2. The addition of CNO to the materials significantly increases the total pore volume (up to 0.932 cm3 g-1 for carbonized resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and CNO (RF-CNO-C) and 1.242 cm3 g-1 for carbonized resorcinol-formaldehyde-melamine resin and CNO (RFM-CNO-C)), with mesopores dominating. However, the synthesized materials have poorly ordered domains with some structural disturbance; the RFM-CNO-C composite shows a more ordered structure with amorphous and semi-crystalline regions. Subsequently, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge method studied the electrochemical properties of all materials. The influence of resins' compositions, CNO content, and amount of N atoms in carbonaceous skeleton on the electrochemical performance was studied. In all cases, adding CNO to the material improves its electrochemical properties. The carbon material derived from CNO, resorcinol and melamine (RFM-CNO-C) showed the highest specific capacitance of 160 F g-1 at a current density of 2 A g-1, which is stable after 3000 cycles. The RFM-CNO-C electrode retains approximately 97% of its initial capacitive efficiency. The electrochemical performance of the RFM-CNO-C electrode results from the hierarchical porosity's stability and the presence of nitrogen atoms in the skeleton. This material is an optimal solution for supercapacitor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Siemiaszko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Breczko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Hryniewicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Ilnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Karolina H Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Artur P Terzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Marta E Plonska-Brzezinska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Optoelectronic properties by solution technique and comprehensive solvatochromism of novel fluorescent Schiff base derivatives. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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UV-induced -OCH 3 rotamerization in a matrix-isolated methoxy-substituted ortho-hydroxyaryl Schiff base. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:835-847. [PMID: 35076900 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new methoxy-substituted ortho-hydroxyaryl Schiff base, 4-(3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene-amino) phenol was synthesized from 4-aminophenol and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde in methanol solution and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and infrared spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The compound was isolated in a cryogenic (10 K) argon matrix, and the analysis of the infrared spectrum of the matrix-isolated compound revealed that it corresponds to the E-enol-imine isomeric form, with 3 different conformers being present in the matrix. These conformers share as common structural features the conformation of the free hydroxyl group (trans relatively to the para-substituent of the ring) and the presence of an OH…N intramolecular H-bond involving the methoxy-substituted phenol ring and the azomethine bridge, while they differ in the orientation of the methoxy-substituent group. The structures and relative energies of the conformers of the molecule, and relevant barriers for their interconversion were obtained through quantum chemical calculations, which were also used to calculate the infrared spectra of the different forms. Calculations were also carried out for the higher-energy Z-enol-imine and keto-amine forms of the compound. Upon UV (230 nm) irradiation, -OCH3 rotamerization was observed, leading to conversion of the lowest energy conformer, where the methoxy group is aligned with the plane of the ring, into the other two conformers initially present in the matrix, in which the OCH3 group is out-of-the-plane of the ring. As for other phenolic compounds previously studied, spontaneous quantum mechanical tunneling conversion of the cis-OH conformers present in the gas-phase into the three observed conformers was found to take place during matrix deposition.
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Hetmańczyk Ł, Goremychkin EA, Waliszewski J, Vener MV, Lipkowski P, Tolstoy PM, Filarowski A. Spectroscopic Identification of Hydrogen Bond Vibrations and Quasi-Isostructural Polymorphism in N-Salicylideneaniline. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165043. [PMID: 34443632 PMCID: PMC8401763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ortho-hydroxy aryl Schiff base 2-[(E)-(phenylimino)methyl]phenol and its deutero-derivative have been studied by the inelastic incoherent neutron scattering (IINS), infrared (IR) and Raman experimental methods, as well as by Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Density-Functional Perturbation Theory (DFPT) simulations. The assignments of vibrational modes within the 3500–50 cm−1 spectral region made it possible to state that the strong hydrogen bond in the studied compound can be classified as the so-called quasi-aromatic bond. The isotopic substitution supplemented by the results of DFT calculations allowed us to identify vibrational bands associated with all five major hydrogen bond vibrations. Quasi-isostructural polymorphism of 2-[(E)-(phenylimino)methyl]phenol (SA) and 2-[(E)-(phenyl-D5-imino)methyl]phenol (SA-C6D5) has been studied by powder X-ray diffraction in the 20–320 K temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Hetmańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Eugene A. Goremychkin
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 6 F. Joliot-Curie str., 141980 Dubna, Russia;
| | - Janusz Waliszewski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bialystok, 1L Ciolkowskiego str., 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mikhail V. Vener
- Quantum Chemistry Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Square 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Paweł Lipkowski
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańnskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Peter M. Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskij pr. 26, 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (P.M.T.); (A.F.); Tel.: +48-71-375-7229 (A.F.)
| | - Aleksander Filarowski
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 6 F. Joliot-Curie str., 141980 Dubna, Russia;
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie str., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.M.T.); (A.F.); Tel.: +48-71-375-7229 (A.F.)
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