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Kim MY, Kim S, Lee J, Kim JI, Oh E, Kim SW, Lee E, Cho KS, Kim CS, Lee MH. Lignan-Rich Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivar Exhibits In Vitro Anti-Cholinesterase Activity, Anti-Neurotoxicity in Amyloid-β Induced SH-SY5Y Cells, and Produces an In Vivo Nootropic Effect in Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impaired Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051110. [PMID: 37237976 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a major cause of dementia, is characterized by impaired cholinergic function, increased oxidative stress, and amyloid cascade induction. Sesame lignans have attracted considerable attention owing to their beneficial effects on brain health. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of lignan-rich sesame cultivars. Among the 10 sesame varieties studied, Milyang 74 (M74) extracts exhibited the highest total lignan content (17.71 mg/g) and in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity (66.17%, 0.4 mg/mL). M74 extracts were the most effective in improving cell viability and inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) generation in amyloid-β25-35 fragment-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Thus, M74 was used to evaluate the nootropic effects of sesame extracts and oil on scopolamine (2 mg/kg)-induced memory impairment in mice compared to the control cultivar (Goenback). Pretreatment with the M74 extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) and oil (1 and 2 mL/kg) effectively improved memory disorder in mice (demonstrated by the passive avoidance test), inhibited AChE, and enhanced acetylcholine (Ach) levels. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and Western blot results showed that the M74 extract and oil reversed the scopolamine-induced increase in APP, BACE-1, and presenilin expression levels in the amyloid cascade and decreased BDNF and NGF expression levels in neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Kim
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungup Kim
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-In Kim
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Oh
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Cho
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Song Kim
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Milyang 50424, Republic of Korea
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Balakrishnan R, Park JY, Cho DY, Ahn JY, Yoo DS, Seol SH, Yoon SH, Choi DK. AD−1 Small Molecule Improves Learning and Memory Function in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice Model through Regulation of CREB/BDNF and NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030648. [PMID: 36978896 PMCID: PMC10045324 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline and memory impairment induced by oxidative brain damage are the critical pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Based on the potential neuroprotective effects of AD−1 small molecule, we here explored the possible underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of AD-1 small molecule against scopolamine-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. According to our findings, scopolamine administration resulted in increased AChE activity, MDA levels, and decreased antioxidant enzymes, as well as the downregulation of the antioxidant response proteins of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression; however, treatment with AD−1 small molecule mitigated the generation of oxidant factors while restoring the antioxidant enzymes status, in addition to improving antioxidant protein levels. Similarly, AD−1 small molecule significantly increased the protein expression of neuroprotective markers such as BDNF and CREB and promoted memory processes in scopolamine-induced mice. Western blot analysis showed that AD−1 small molecule reduced activated microglia and astrocytes via the attenuation of iba-1 and GFAP protein expression. We also found that scopolamine enhanced the phosphorylation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling and, conversely, that AD−1 small molecule significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling in the brain regions of hippocampus and cortex. We further found that scopolamine promoted neuronal loss by inducing Bax and caspase-3 and reducing the levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In contrast, AD−1 small molecule significantly decreased the levels of apoptotic markers and increased neuronal survival. Furthermore, AD−1 small molecule ameliorated scopolamine-induced impairments in spatial learning behavior and memory formation. These findings revealed that AD−1 small molecule attenuated scopolamine-induced cognitive and memory dysfunction by ameliorating AChE activity, oxidative brain damage, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Research and Development, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., & APIMEDS Inc. Room 608 Namseong Plaza Building, Digital-ro 130 Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08589, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Ahn
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Yoo
- Research and Development, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., & APIMEDS Inc. Room 608 Namseong Plaza Building, Digital-ro 130 Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08589, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Seol
- Research and Development, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., & APIMEDS Inc. Room 608 Namseong Plaza Building, Digital-ro 130 Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08589, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwa Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Yun D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jia M, Xie T, Zhao Y, Yang C, Chen W, Guo R, Liu X, Dai X, Liu Z, Yuan T. Sesamol Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Cholinergic Disorders, Neuroinflammation, and Cognitive Deficits in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13602-13614. [PMID: 36239029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and cognitive deficits accompanied by neuronal damage and cholinergic disorders. Sesamol, a lignan component in sesame oil, has been proven to have neuroprotective effects. This research aimed to investigate the preventive effects of sesamol on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced cholinergic disorders in C57BL/6 mice. The mice were pretreated with sesamol (100 mg/kg/d, p.o.) for 30 days. Behavioral tests indicated that sesamol supplement prevented SCOP-induced cognitive deficits. Sesamol enhanced the expression of neurotrophic factors and postsynaptic density (PSD) in SCOP-treated mice, reversing neuronal damage and synaptic dysfunction. Importantly, sesamol could balance the cholinergic system by suppressing the AChE activity and increasing the ChAT activity and M1 mAChR expression. Sesamol treatment also inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors and overactivation of microglia in SCOP-treated mice. Meanwhile, sesamol improved the antioxidant enzyme activity and suppressed oxidative stress in SCOP-treated mice and ameliorated the oxidized cellular status and mitochondrial dysfunction in SCOP-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that sesamol attenuated SCOP-induced cognitive dysfunction via balancing the cholinergic system and reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Yun
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Tianzhi Xie
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Cong Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong518120, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi712100, China
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Azam S, Kim YS, Jakaria M, Yu YJ, Ahn JY, Kim IS, Choi DK. Dioscorea nipponica Makino Rhizome Extract and Its Active Compound Dioscin Protect against Neuroinflammation and Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179923. [PMID: 36077321 PMCID: PMC9456145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglial cells by intrinsic or extrinsic insult causes neuroinflammation, a common phenomenon in neurodegenerative diseases. Prevention of neuroinflammation may ameliorate many neurodegenerative disease progressions. Dioscorea nipponica Makino (DN) extract can alleviate muscular atrophy and inflammatory diseases; however, the efficacy and mechanism of action in microglial cells remain unknown. The current study investigates the possible anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of Dioscorea nipponica Makino ethanol extract and its steroidal saponin dioscin. Our in vitro study shows that Dioscorea nipponica rhizome ethanol extract (DNRE) and dioscin protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated inflammatory responses in BV-2 microglial cells by inhibiting phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), resulting in the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Consistent with our previous report of dioscin-mediated enhancement of neurotrophic factors in dopaminergic cells, here we found that dioscin upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation (pCREB) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus regions of the mouse brain. Scopolamine treatment increased pro-inflammatory enzyme levels and reduced the expression of BDNF and pCREB in the hippocampus and cortex regions, which led to impaired learning and referencing memory in mice. Pre-treatment of dioscin for 7 days substantially enhanced mice performances in maze studies, indicating amelioration in cognitive deficits. In conclusion, DNRE and its active compound dioscin protect against neurotoxicity most likely by suppressing NF-κB phosphorylation and upregulating neurotrophic factor BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiul Azam
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Yon-Suk Kim
- BKplus GLOCAL Education Program of Nutraceuticals Development, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Md. Jakaria
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ye-Ji Yu
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Ahn
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-840-3610; Fax: +82-43-840-3872
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