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Chen L, Mei S, Fu K, Zhou J. Spinning the Future: The Convergence of Nanofiber Technologies and Yarn Fabrication. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15358-15386. [PMID: 38837241 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement in nanofiber technologies has revolutionized the domain of yarn materials, marking a significant leap in textile technology. This review dissects the nexus between cutting-edge nanofiber technologies and yarn manufacturing, aiming to illuminate the pathway toward engineering advanced textiles with unparalleled functionality. It first discusses the fundamentals of nanofiber assemblies and spinning techniques, primarily focusing on electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, and blow spinning. Additionally, the study delves into integrating nanofiber spinning technologies with traditional and modern yarn fabrication principles, elucidating the design principles that underlie the creation of yarns incorporating nanofibers. Twisting technologies are explored to examine how they can be optimized and adapted for incorporating nanofibers, thus enabling the production of innovative nanofiber-based yarns. Special attention is given to scalable strategies like centrifugal and blow spinning, which are spotlighted for their efficiency and scalability in fabricating nanofiber yarns. This review further analyses recently developed nanofiber yarn applications, including wearable sensors, biomedical devices, moisture management textiles, and energy harvesting and storage devices. We finally present a forward-looking perspective to address unresolved issues in nanofiber-based yarn technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Hubei Digital Textile Equipment Key Laboratory, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
- The Advanced Textile Technology Innovation Center (Jianhu Laboratory), Shaoxing 312000, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Laboratory of Advanced Electronic and Fiber Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Shunqi Mei
- Hubei Digital Textile Equipment Key Laboratory, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei 430200, China
- The Advanced Textile Technology Innovation Center (Jianhu Laboratory), Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Kelvin Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Laboratory of Advanced Electronic and Fiber Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
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Whulanza Y, Ammar H, Haryadi D, Pangesty AI, Widoretno W, Subekti DT, Charmet J. High-Performance, Easy-to-Fabricate, Nanocomposite Heater for Life Sciences and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1164. [PMID: 38675084 PMCID: PMC11055136 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microheaters are used in several applications, including medical diagnostics, synthesis, environmental monitoring, and actuation. Conventional microheaters rely on thin-film electrodes microfabricated in a clean-room environment. However, low-cost alternatives based on conductive paste electrodes fabricated using printing techniques have started to emerge over the years. Here, we report a surprising effect that leads to significant electrode performance improvement as confirmed by the thorough characterization of bulk, processed, and conditioned samples. Mixing silver ink and PVA results in the solubilization of performance-hindering organic compounds. These compounds evaporate during heating cycles. The new electrodes, which reach a temperature of 80 °C within 5 min using a current of 7.0 A, display an overall 42% and 35% improvement in the mechanical (hardness) and electrical (resistivity) properties compared to pristine silver ink electrodes. To validate our results, we use the composite heater to amplify and detect parasite DNA from Trypanosoma brucei, associated with African sleeping sickness. Our LAMP test compares well with commercially available systems, confirming the excellent performance of our nanocomposite heaters. Since their fabrication relies on well-established techniques, we anticipate they will find use in a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Whulanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Husein Ammar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Deni Haryadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gunadarma University, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Azizah Intan Pangesty
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Widoretno Widoretno
- Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.W.); (D.T.S.)
| | - Didik Tulus Subekti
- Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta 10340, Indonesia; (W.W.); (D.T.S.)
| | - Jérôme Charmet
- School of Engineering HE-Arc Ingénierie, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Skórczewska K, Wilczewski S, Lewandowski K. Multiscale Carbon Fibre-Carbon Nanotube Composites of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)-An Evaluation of Their Properties and Structure. Molecules 2024; 29:1479. [PMID: 38611759 PMCID: PMC11013313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, there has been limited information in the literature on the application of carbon fibre-carbon nanotube systems for the modification of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrixes by micro- and nanometric fillers and an evaluation of the properties of the unique materials produced. This paper presents the results of newly designed unique multiscale composites. The advantages of the simultaneous use of carbon fibres (CFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in PVC modification are discussed. To increase the dispersibility of the nanofiller, CFs together with nanotubes were subjected to a sonication process. The resulting material was introduced into PVC blends, which were processed by extrusion. The ratio of components in the hybrid filler with CF_CNT was 20:1, and its proportion in the PVC matrix was 1, 5, and 10 wt.%, respectively. Comparatively, PVC composites modified only with carbon fibres were obtained. The structure, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties and swelling resistance of the composites were studied. The study showed a favourable homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes in the PVC matrix. This enabled effective modification of the structure at the nanometric level and the formation of an interpenetrating network of well-dispersed hybrid filler, as evidenced by a decrease in volume resistivity and improvement in swelling resistance, as well as an increase in glass transition temperature in the case of PVC/CF_CNT composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.W.); (K.L.)
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Independent Heating Performances in the Sub-Zero Environment of MWCNT/PDMS Composite with Low Electron-Tunneling Energy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051171. [PMID: 36904412 PMCID: PMC10007197 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural stability of various structures (railroads, bridges, buildings, etc.) is lowered due to freezing because of the decreasing outside temperature in winter. To prevent damage from freezing, a technology for de-icing has been developed using an electric-heating composite. For this purpose, a highly electrically conductive composite film with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) uniformly dispersed in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix through a three-roll process was fabricated by shearing the MWCNT/PDMS paste, through a two-roll process. The electrical conductivity and the activation energy of the composite were 326.5 S/m and 8.0 meV at 5.82 Vol% of MWCNTs, respectively. The dependence of the electric-heating performance (heating rate and temperature change) on the applied voltage and environmental temperature (from -20 °C to 20 °C) was evaluated. The heating rate and effective-heat-transfer characteristics were observed to decrease as the applied voltage increased, while they showed the opposite tendency when the environmental temperature was at sub-zero temperatures. Nevertheless, the overall heating performance (heating rate and temperature change) was maintained with little significant difference in the considered external-temperature range. The unique heating behaviors can result from the low activation energy and the negative-temperature (T) coefficient of resistance (R) (NTCR, dR/dT < 0) of the MWCNT/PDMS composite.
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Enhancement of Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Effectiveness by the Incorporation of Carbon Nanofibers-Carbon Microcoils Hybrid into Commercial Carbon Paste for Heating Films. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020870. [PMID: 36677926 PMCID: PMC9866496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon microcoils (CMCs) were formed on stainless steel substrates using C2H2 + SF6 gas flows in a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. The manipulation of the SF6 gas flow rate and the SF6 gas flow injection time was carried out to obtain controllable CMC geometries. The change in CMC geometry, especially CMC diameter as a function of SF6 gas flow injection time, was remarkable. In addition, the incorporation of H2 gas into the C2H2 + SF6 gas flow system with cyclic SF6 gas flow caused the formation of the hybrid of carbon nanofibers-carbon microcoils (CNFs-CMCs). The hybrid of CNFs-CMCs was composed of numerous small-sized CNFs, which formed on the CMCs surfaces. The electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness (SE) of the heating film, made by the hybrids of CNFs-CMCs incorporated carbon paste film, was investigated across operating frequencies in the 1.5-40 GHz range. It was compared to heating films made from commercial carbon paste or the controllable CMCs incorporated carbon paste. Although the electrical conductivity of the native commercial carbon paste was lowered by both the incorporation of the CMCs and the hybrids of CNFs-CMCs, the total SE values of the manufactured heating film increased following the incorporation of these materials. Considering the thickness of the heating film, the presently measured values rank highly among the previously reported total SE values. This dramatic improvement in the total SE values was mainly ascribed to the intrinsic characteristics of CMC and/or the hybrid of CNFs-CMCs contributing to the absorption shielding route of electromagnetic waves.
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Sanivada UK, Esteves D, Arruda LM, Silva CA, Moreira IP, Fangueiro R. Joule-Heating Effect of Thin Films with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124323. [PMID: 35744383 PMCID: PMC9230175 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Smart textiles have become a promising area of research for heating applications. Coatings with nanomaterials allow the introduction of different functionalities, enabling doped textiles to be used in sensing and heating applications. These coatings were made on a piece of woven cotton fabric through screen printing, with a different number of layers. To prepare the paste, nanomaterials such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to a polyurethane-based polymeric resin, in various concentrations. The electrical conductivity of the obtained samples was measured and the heat-dissipating capabilities assessed. The results showed that coatings have induced electrical conductivity and heating capabilities. The highest electrical conductivity of (9.39 ± 1.28 × 10−1 S/m) and (9.02 ± 6.62 × 10−2 S/m) was observed for 12% (w/v) GNPs and 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs), respectively. The sample with 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs) and 12% (w/v) GNPs exhibited a Joule effect when a voltage of 12 V was applied for 5 min, and a maximum temperature of 42.7 °C and 40.4 °C were achieved, respectively. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of GNPs can be replaced by adding CNTs, still achieving nearly the same performance. These coated textiles can potentially find applications in the area of heating, sensing, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Kiran Sanivada
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Mechanical Engineering and Resources Sustainability Centre (MEtRICS), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (U.K.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Dina Esteves
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luisa M. Arruda
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla A. Silva
- Simoldes Plastics, Research & Innovation, Rua Comendador António da Silva Rodrigues 165, 3720-502 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal;
| | - Inês P. Moreira
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Fibrenamics—Institute of Innovation in Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (D.E.); (L.M.A.); (I.P.M.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Azurém Campus, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: (U.K.S.); (R.F.)
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Dayananda HM, Makari HK, Sreepad HR. Enhanced mechanical properties and self‐heating performance of
few‐layer graphene‐poly
vinylidene fluoride based nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakkimakki Manjegowda Dayananda
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore India
- Department of Physics Government Science College (Autonomous) Hasan India
| | | | - Holalkere RamachandraRao Sreepad
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore India
- Department of Physics Government College (Autonomous) Mandya India
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Effect of GNPs on the Piezoresistive, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of PHA and PLA Films. FIBERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fib9120086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability has become the primary focus for researchers lately. Biopolymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and polylactic acid (PLA) are biocompatible and biodegradable. Introducing piezoresistive response in the films produced by PLA and PHA by adding nanoparticles can be interesting. Hence, a study was performed to evaluate the mechanical, electrical and piezoresistive response of films made from PHA and PLA. The films were produced by solvent casting, and they were reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) at different nanoparticle concentrations (from 0.15 to 15 wt.%). Moreover, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as reinforcing elements and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizers were added. After the assessment of the nanoparticle distribution, the films were subjected to tests such as tensile, electrical conductivity and piezoresistive response. The dispersion was found to be good in PLA films and there exist some agglomerations in PHA films. The results suggested that the incorporation of GNPs enhanced the mechanical properties until 0.75 wt.% and they reduced thereon. The addition of 1% CNCs and 20% PEG in 15 wt.% GNPs’ tensile values deteriorated further. The PHA films showed better electrical conductivity compared to the PLA films for the same GNPs wt.%. Gauge factor (GF) values of 6.30 and 4.31 were obtained for PHA and PLA, respectively.
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