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Liu J, Zhang B, Zhang G, Shang D. Reprogramming of regulatory T cells in inflammatory tumor microenvironment: can it become immunotherapy turning point? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345838. [PMID: 38449875 PMCID: PMC10915070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and identifying widely used immunosuppressants with minimal side effects are two major challenges currently hampering cancer immunotherapy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in almost all cancer tissues and play an important role in preserving autoimmune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. The tumor inflammatory microenvironment causes the reprogramming of Tregs, resulting in the conversion of Tregs to immunosuppressive phenotypes. This process ultimately facilitates tumor immune escape or tumor progression. However, current systemic Treg depletion therapies may lead to severe autoimmune toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of Treg reprogramming and develop immunotherapies that selectively target Tregs within tumors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the potential mechanisms involved in Treg cell reprogramming and explores the application of Treg cell immunotherapy. The interference with reprogramming pathways has shown promise in reducing the number of tumor-associated Tregs or impairing their function during immunotherapy, thereby improving anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive Treg cell reprogramming could reveal new molecular targets for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Bakhshi P, Ho JQ, Zanganeh S. Sex-specific outcomes in cancer therapy: the central role of hormones. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 6:1320690. [PMID: 38362126 PMCID: PMC10867131 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1320690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones play a pivotal role in modulating various physiological processes, with emerging evidence underscoring their influence on cancer progression and treatment outcomes. This review delves into the intricate relationship between sex hormones and cancer, elucidating the underlying biological mechanisms and their clinical implications. We explore the multifaceted roles of estrogen, androgens, and progesterone, highlighting their respective influence on specific cancers such as breast, ovarian, endometrial, and prostate. Special attention is given to estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) tumors, androgen receptor signaling, and the dual role of progesterone in both promoting and inhibiting cancer progression. Clinical observations reveal varied treatment responses contingent upon hormonal levels, with certain therapies like tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, and anti-androgens demonstrating notable success. However, disparities in treatment outcomes between males and females in hormone-sensitive cancers necessitate further exploration. Therapeutically, the utilization of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during cancer treatments presents both potential risks and benefits. The promise of personalized therapies, tailored to an individual's hormonal profile, offers a novel approach to optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Concurrently, the burgeoning exploration of new drugs and interventions targeting hormonal pathways heralds a future of more effective and precise treatments for hormone-sensitive cancers. This review underscores the pressing need for a deeper understanding of sex hormones in cancer therapy and the ensuing implications for future therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Bakhshi
- Research and Development, MetasFree Biopharmaceutical Company, Mansfield, MA, United States
| | - Jim Q. Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Research and Development, MetasFree Biopharmaceutical Company, Mansfield, MA, United States
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Kochergin M, Fahmy O, Asimakopoulos A, Theil G, Zietz K, Bialek J, Tiberi E, Gakis G. Photodynamic Therapy: Current Trends and Potential Future Role in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:960. [PMID: 38256035 PMCID: PMC10816191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common cancer in the world. The therapeutic spectrum of BC is broad and is constantly expanding. Despite the wide clinical use of photodynamic diagnosis (PTD) for BC, PDT has not been sufficiently investigated in the treatment landscape of BC. We performed an online search of the PubMed database using these keywords: photodynamic therapy, bladder cancer, urothelial carcinoma, in vivo, in vitro, cell line, animal model. Reviews, case reports, and articles devoted to photodynamic diagnostics and the photodynamic therapy of tumors other than urothelial carcinoma were excluded. Of a total of 695 publications, we selected 20 articles with clinical data, 34 articles on in vivo PDT, and 106 articles on in vitro data. The results presented in animal models highlight the potential use of PDT in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting to reduce local recurrence in the bladder and upper urinary tracts. Possible regimens include the combination of PDT with intravesical chemotherapy for improved local tumor control or the integration of vascular-targeted PDT in combination with modern systemic drugs in order to boost local response. We summarize available evidence on the preclinical and clinical application of PDT for urothelial carcinoma in order to explain the current trends and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Kochergin
- Department of Urology and Neurourology, BG Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Omar Fahmy
- Department of Urology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | | | - Gerit Theil
- University Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, University Hospital of Halle, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany; (G.T.); (K.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Kathleen Zietz
- University Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, University Hospital of Halle, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany; (G.T.); (K.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Johanna Bialek
- University Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, University Hospital of Halle, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany; (G.T.); (K.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Eugenio Tiberi
- Department of Urology and Neurourology, BG Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, 12683 Berlin, Germany; (M.K.); (E.T.)
| | - Georgios Gakis
- University Clinic and Polyclinic of Urology, University Hospital of Halle, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle, Germany; (G.T.); (K.Z.); (J.B.)
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Kimura Y, Fujimori M, Rajagopalan NR, Poudel K, Kim K, Nagar K, Vroomen LGPH, Reis H, Al-Ahmadie H, Coleman JA, Srimathveeravalli G. Macrophage activity at the site of tumor ablation can promote murine urothelial cancer via transforming growth factor-β1. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1070196. [PMID: 36761730 PMCID: PMC9902765 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1070196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death and injury at the site of tumor ablation attracts macrophages. We sought to understand the status and activity of these cells while focusing on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a potent immunosuppressive and tumorigenic cytokine. Patients with urothelial cancer who underwent ablation using electrocautery or laser demonstrated increased infiltration and numbers of CD8+ T cells, along with FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, CD68+ macrophages and elevated levels of TGF-β1 in recurrent tumors. Similar findings were reproduced in a mouse model of urothelial cancer (MB49) by partial tumor ablation with irreversible electroporation (IRE). Stimulation of bone marrow derived macrophages with MB49 cell debris produced using IRE elicited strong M2 polarization, with exuberant secretion of TGF-β1. The motility, phenotypic markers and cytokine secretion by macrophages could be muted by treatment with Pirfenidone (PFD), a clinically approved drug targeting TGF-β1 signaling. MB49 cancer cells exposed to TGF-β1 exhibited increased migration, invasiveness and upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers α-Smooth Muscle Actin and Vimentin. Such changes in MB49 cells were reduced by treatment with PFD even during stimulation with TGF-β1. IRE alone yielded better local tumor control when compared with control or PFD alone, while also reducing the overall number of lung metastases. Adjuvant PFD treatment did not provide additional benefit under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kimura
- Department of Diagnosis and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst,
Amherst, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Krish Poudel
- Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst,
Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,
New York, NY, United States
| | - Karan Nagar
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,
New York, NY, United States
| | - Laurien GPH. Vroomen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henning Reis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hikmat Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Coleman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,
New York, NY, United States
| | - Govindarajan Srimathveeravalli
- Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst,
Amherst, MA, United States
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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Sasaki M, Tanaka M, Kojima Y, Nishie H, Shimura T, Kubota E, Kataoka H. Anti-tumor immunity enhancement by photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium and anti-programmed death 1 antibody. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:118-131. [PMID: 36726602 PMCID: PMC9867957 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively non-invasive anti-cancer therapy that employs a photosensitizer with a specific wavelength of light irradiation. PDT induces direct cell killing and enhancement effects on tumor immunity, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we perform a basic analysis of the anti-tumor effect of talaporfin sodium (TS)-PDT as well as its synergism with the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody. We estimate the cell death mechanism induced by TS-PDT and the induction of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by TS-PDT in vitro. We establish a syngeneic mouse model of bilateral flank tumors and verify the enhancement of the abscopal effect on the non-irradiated side. TS-PDT induced apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-associated cell death in vitro. TS-PDT induced the release and/or expression of DAMPs in vitro. Tumor growth was inhibited in the TS-PDT and anti-PD-1 antibody combination group compared with other single-treatment or non-treatment groups in vivo. In summary, TS-PDT induces the release and/or expression of DAMPs, indicating that it activates innate immunity. PD-1 blockage enhances the anti-tumor immunity induced by TS-PDT. Thus, our results demonstrate that the combination of TS-PDT and anti-PD-1 antibody can potentially be used for anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan,Corresponding author: Mamoru Tanaka, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hirotada Nishie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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Emerging photodynamic nanotherapeutics for inducing immunogenic cell death and potentiating cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jin F, Liu D, Xu X, Ji J, Du Y. Nanomaterials-Based Photodynamic Therapy with Combined Treatment Improves Antitumor Efficacy Through Boosting Immunogenic Cell Death. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4693-4712. [PMID: 34267518 PMCID: PMC8275223 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefiting from the rapid development of nanotechnology, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is arising as a novel non-invasive clinical treatment for specific cancers, which exerts direct efficacy in destroying primary tumors by generating excessive cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, PDT-induced cell death is related to T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses through induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, ICD elicited via PDT is not strong enough and is limited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM). Therefore, it is necessary to improve PDT efficacy through enhancing ICD with the combination of synergistic tumor therapies. Herein, the recent progress of nanomaterials-based PDT combined with chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, employing ICD-boosted treatments is reviewed. An outlook about the future application in clinics of nanomaterials-based PDT strategies is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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