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Wang Y, Meng L, Zhao F, Zhao L, Gao W, Yu Q, Chen P, Sun Y. Harnessing External Irradiation for Precise Activation of Metal-Based Agents in Cancer Therapy. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400305. [PMID: 38825577 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health issue. Platinum-based chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, are crucial in clinical anti-cancer treatment. However, these drugs have limitations such as drug resistance, non-specific distribution, and irreversible toxic and side effects. In recent years, the development of metal-based agents has led to the discovery of other anti-cancer effects beyond chemotherapy. Precise spatiotemporal controlled external irradiation can activate metal-based agents at specific sites and play a different role from traditional chemotherapy. These strategies can not only enhance the anti-cancer efficiency, but also show fewer side effects and non-cross-drug resistance, which are ideal approaches to solve the problems caused by traditional platinum-based chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we focus on various metal-based agent-mediated cancer therapies that are activated by three types of external irradiation: near-infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound (US), and X-ray, and give some prospects. We hope that this review will promote the generation of new kinds of metal-based anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Liling Meng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Peiyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Yao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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2
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Oliveira GFS, Gouveia FS, Andrade AL, de Vasconcelos MA, Teixeira EH, Palmeira-Mello MV, Batista AA, Lopes LGD, de Carvalho IMM, Sousa EHS. Minimal Functionalization of Ruthenium Compounds with Enhanced Photoreactivity against Hard-to-Treat Cancer Cells and Resistant Bacteria. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14673-14690. [PMID: 39042379 PMCID: PMC11304396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Metallocompounds have emerged as promising new anticancer agents, which can also exhibit properties to be used in photodynamic therapy. Here, we prepared two ruthenium-based compounds with a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand conjugated to an anthracenyl moiety. These compounds coded GRBA and GRPA contain 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenathroline as auxiliary ligands, respectively, which provide quite a distinct behavior. Notably, compound GRPA exhibited remarkably high photoproduction of singlet oxygen even in water (ϕΔ = 0.96), almost twice that of GRBA (ϕΔ = 0.52). On the other hand, this latter produced twice more superoxide and hydroxyl radical species than GRPA, which may be due to the modulation of their excited state. Interestingly, GRPA exhibited a modest binding to DNA (Kb = 4.51 × 104), while GRBA did not show a measurable interaction only noticed by circular dichroism measurements. Studies with bacteria showed a great antimicrobial effect, including a synergistic effect in combination with commercial antibiotics. Besides that, GRBA showed very low or no cytotoxicity against four mammalian cells, including a hard-to-treat MDA-MB-231, triple-negative human breast cancer. Potent activities were measured for GRBA upon blue light irradiation, where IC50 of 43 and 13 nmol L-1 were seen against hard-to-treat triple-negative human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and ovarian cancer cells (A2780), respectively. These promising results are an interesting case of a simple modification with expressive enhancement of biological activity that deserves further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geângela
de Fátima Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratório
de Bioinorgânica, Departmento de Química Orgânica
e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal
do Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Florencio Sousa Gouveia
- Laboratório
de Bioinorgânica, Departmento de Química Orgânica
e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal
do Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Lopes Andrade
- Laboratório
Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina
Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60441-750, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Laboratório
Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina
Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60441-750, Brazil
| | - Marcos V. Palmeira-Mello
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, PO Box 676, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Alzir A. Batista
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, PO Box 676, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga de
França Lopes
- Laboratório
de Bioinorgânica, Departmento de Química Orgânica
e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal
do Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Idalina Maria Moreira de Carvalho
- Laboratório
de Bioinorgânica, Departmento de Química Orgânica
e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal
do Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Henrique Silva Sousa
- Laboratório
de Bioinorgânica, Departmento de Química Orgânica
e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal
do Ceará, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil
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3
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Pereira D, Alves N, Sousa Â, Valente JFA. Metal-based approaches to fight cervical cancer. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104073. [PMID: 38944184 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. The current treatments for this cancer consist of invasive methods such as chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, immunotherapy and surgery, which could lead to severe side effects and hinder the patient's life quality. Although metal-based therapies, including cisplatin and ruthenium-based compounds, offer promising alternatives, they lack specificity and harm healthy cells. Combining metal nanoparticles with standard approaches has demonstrated remarkable efficacy and safety in the fight against CC. Overall, this review is intended to show the latest advancements and insights into metal-based strategies, creating a promising path for more effective and safer treatments in the battle against CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pereira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; CDRSP-IPL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alves
- CDRSP-IPL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Joana F A Valente
- CDRSP-IPL-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028 Leiria, Portugal.
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4
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Nandhini S, Thiruppathi G, Ranjani M, Puschmann H, Ravi M, Sundararaj P, Prabhakaran R. Effect of ruthenium(II) complexes on MDA-MB-231 cells and lifespan/tumor growth in gld-1mutant, Daf-16 TF and stress productive genes: A perspective study. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112580. [PMID: 38701694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Pincer type coumarin based N-substituted semicarbazone ligands HL1-4 and their corresponding ruthenium(II) complexes (1-4) were synthesized, analyzed and confirmed by various spectro analytical techniques. The molecular structure of the ligand HL3 and complex 3 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The stoichiometry of complexes 1, 2 and 4 was confirmed by high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). The binding affinity of the compounds with CT-DNA (Calf Thymus DNA) and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) was established by absorption and emission titration methods. The results of In vitro cytotoxicity showed the significant cytotoxic potential of the complexes against MDA-MB-231 cells (TNBC- Triple-negative breast cancer). Among the complexes, 1 and 4 have shown appreciable results. Further, antimigratory activity against the MDA-MB-231 cells was studied for the complexes 1 and 4. The percentage cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and necrosis were explored by flow cytometry. The in vivo anti-tumor activity of the complexes 1 and 4 using C. elegans as model organism was established by using the tumoral C. elegans strain JK1466 (gld-1(q485)), which bears a mutation in the gld-1 tumor suppressor gene. We have determined the effect of our complexes on tumor gonad reduction and found to be non toxic to the JK1466 worms and they have prolonged their mean lifespan with potential antioxidant ability by overcoming stress responses. Overall, our study reported herein demonstrated that the complexes 1 and 4 could be established as potential metallo-drugs substantiating further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nandhini
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - G Thiruppathi
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - M Ranjani
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - Horst Puschmann
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - P Sundararaj
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India
| | - R Prabhakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India.
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5
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Jagathesan K, Roy S. Recent Development of Transition Metal Complexes as Chemotherapeutic Hypoxia Activated Prodrug (HAP). ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400127. [PMID: 38634306 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a state characterized by low concentration of Oxygen. Hypoxic state is often found in the central region of solid tumors. Hypoxia is associated with abnormal neovascularization resulted in poor blood flow in tissues and increased proliferation of tumor cells, imbalance between O2 supply and O2 consumption in tumor cells, high concentration of proton and strong reducibility. And, these abnormalities enhance the survival potency of the hypoxic tumours and increase the resistance towards chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of the approach for treating hypoxic region of tumour is to use reducing environment of hypoxic tumours for reducing a molecule (hypoxia activated prodrug, HAP) and as a result the active drug will be released in hypoxic region in a controlled manner from the prodrug and kill the hypoxic tumour. Co(III) and Pt(IV) complexes with monodentate active drug molecule in the axial position can be reduced to Co(II) and Pt(II) moieties and as a result, the axial ligands (active drug) could come out from the metal center and could show its anticancer activity. In this review we have highlighted the research articles where transition metal-based complexes are used as chemotherapeutic hypoxia activated prodrug molecules which are reported in last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jagathesan
- Dept. of Chemistry, School of Advance Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sovan Roy
- Dept. of Chemistry, School of Advance Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
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Kokkosi A, Garofallidou E, Zacharopoulos N, Tsoureas N, Diamanti K, Thomaidis NS, Cheilari A, Machalia C, Emmanouilidou E, Philippopoulos AI. Ruthenium p-Cymene Complexes Incorporating Substituted Pyridine-Quinoline-Based Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:3215. [PMID: 38999167 PMCID: PMC11243419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Organometallic complexes of the formula [Ru(N^N)(p-cymene)Cl][X] (N^N = bidentate polypyridyl ligands, p-cymene = 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, X = counter anion), are currently studied as possible candidates for the potential treatment of cancer. Searching for new organometallic compounds with good to moderate cytotoxic activities, a series of mononuclear water-soluble ruthenium(II)-arene complexes incorporating substituted pyridine-quinoline ligands, with pending -CH2OH, -CO2H and -CO2Me groups in the 4-position of quinoline ring, were synthesized, for the first time, to study their possible effect to modulate the activity of the ruthenium p-cymene complexes. These include the [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(pqhyme)Cl][X] (X = Cl- (1-Cl), PF6- (1-PF6), pqhyme = 4-hydroxymethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline), [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(pqca)Cl][Cl] ((2-Cl), pqca = 4-carboxy-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline), and [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(pqcame)Cl][X] (X = Cl- (3-Cl), PF6- (3-PF6), pqcame = 4-carboxymethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline) complexes, respectively. Identification of the complexes was based on multinuclear NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, UV-Vis spectroscopic, and ESI-HRMS techniques. The solid-state structures of 1-PF6 and 3-PF6 have been elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealing a three-legged piano stool geometry. This is the first time that the in vitro cytotoxic activities of these complexes are studied. These were conducted in HEK293T (human embryonic kidney cells) and HeLa cells (cervical cancer cells) via the MTT assay. The results show poor in vitro anticancer activities for the HeLa cancer cell lines and 3-Cl proved to be the most potent (IC50 > 80 μΜ). In both cell lines, the cytotoxicity of the ligand precursor pqhyme is significantly higher than that of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kokkosi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Elpida Garofallidou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Zacharopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Diamanti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Antigoni Cheilari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Machalia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Emmanouilidou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios I Philippopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Wrobel EC, Guimarães IDL, Wohnrath K, Oliveira ON. Effects induced by η 6-p-cymene ruthenium(II) complexes on Langmuir monolayers mimicking cancer and healthy cell membranes do not correlate with their toxicity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184332. [PMID: 38740123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of chemotherapeutic action of Ru-based drugs involves plasma membrane disruption and valuable insights into this process may be gained using cell membrane models. The interactions of a series of cytotoxic η6-p-cymene ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(η6-p-cymene)P(3,5-C(CH3)3-C6H3)3Cl2] (1), [Ru(η6-p-cymene)P(3,5-CH3-C6H3)3Cl2] (2), [Ru(η6-p-cymene)P(4-CH3O-3,5-CH3-C6H2)3Cl2] (3), and [Ru(η6-p-cymene)P(4-CH3O-C6H4)3Cl2] (4), were examined using Langmuir monolayers as simplified healthy and cancerous outer leaflet plasma membrane models. The cancerous membrane (CM1 and CM2) models contained either 40 % 1,2- dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 30 % cholesterol (Chol), 20 % 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), and 10 % 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DPPS). Meanwhile, the healthy membrane (HM1 and HM2) models were composed of 60 % DPPC or DOPC, 30 % Chol and 10 % DPPE. The complexes affected surface pressure isotherms and decreased compressional moduli of cancerous and healthy membrane models, interacting with the monolayers headgroup and tails according to data from polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). However, the effects did not correlate with the toxicity of the complexes to cancerous and healthy cells. Multidimensional projection technique showed that the complex (1) induced significant changes in the CM1 and HM1 monolayers, though it had the lowest cytotoxicity against cancer cells and is not toxic to healthy cells. Moreover, the most toxic complexes (2) and (4) were those that least affected CM2 and HM2 monolayers. The findings here support that the ruthenium complexes interact with lipids and cholesterol in cell membrane models, and their cytotoxic activities involve a multifaceted mode of action beyond membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Wrobel
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Karen Wohnrath
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
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Ma K, Chen KZ, Qiao SL. Advances of Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Materials for Tumor Imaging and Therapy. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400010. [PMID: 38501833 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are a class of functional anionic clays that typically consist of orthorhombic arrays of metal hydroxides with anions sandwiched between the layers. Due to their unique properties, including high chemical stability, good biocompatibility, controlled drug loading, and enhanced drug bioavailability, LDHs have many potential applications in the medical field. Especially in the fields of bioimaging and tumor therapy. This paper reviews the research progress of LDHs and their nanocomposites in the field of tumor imaging and therapy. First, the structure and advantages of LDH are discussed. Then, several commonly used methods for the preparation of LDH are presented, including co-precipitation, hydrothermal and ion exchange methods. Subsequently, recent advances in layered hydroxides and their nanocomposites for cancer imaging and therapy are highlighted. Finally, based on current research, we summaries the prospects and challenges of layered hydroxides and nanocomposites for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Zheng Chen
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Lin Qiao
- Lab of Functional and Biomedical Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology (QUST), Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
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Kozieł S, Wojtala D, Szmitka M, Kędzierski P, Bieńko D, Komarnicka UK. Insights into the binding of half-sandwich phosphino Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes to deoxyribonucleic acid, albumin and apo-transferrin: Experimental and theoretical investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123289. [PMID: 37651843 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A group of cytotoxic half-sandwich iridium(III) (Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (IrPOH)), (Ir(η5-Cp*)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (IrMPOH)), and ruthenium(II) (Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2PPh2CH2OH (RuPOH), Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2P(p-OCH3Ph)2CH2OH (RuMPOH)) complexes with phosphine ligands exhibit the ability to (i) slow hydrolysis which is reversed by adding a high NaCl concentration; (ii) oxidation of NADH to NAD+; (iii) induction of cytotoxicity towards various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that RuPOH and RuMPOH selectively inhibit the proliferation of skin cancer cells (WM266-4) while Ir(III) complexes were found to be moderate against prostate cancer cells (DU-145). Herein, to elucidate the cytotoxic effects, we investigated the interaction of these complexes with DNA and serum proteins by gel electrophoresis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking studies. Fluorescence spectroscopic data (calf thymus DNA: CT-DNA titration), together with analysis of DNA fragmentation (gel electrophoresis) and molecular docking provided evidence for the multimodal interaction of Ir(III) and Ru(III) complexes with DNA with predominance of intercalation and minor groove binding. All examined complexes caused single-stranded cleavage of the sugar-phosphate backbone of plasmid DNA. The affinity of the complexes for apo-transferrin (apo-Tf) and human serum albumin (HSA) was evaluated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy to calculate the binding constants which suggested a tight and reversible binding. Moreover, ruthenium complexes can mimic the binding of iron compounds to specific biomolecules such as albumin and transferrin better than iridium complexes. In silico study indicate that complexes mostly bind to (i) apo-Tf with a preference for a single binding site and/or (ii) to dock within all the four predicted binding sites of HSA with the predominance of site I which include tryptophan residues of HSA. This class of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes has unusual features worthy of further exploration in the design of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Daria Wojtala
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szmitka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kędzierski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Bieńko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula K Komarnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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10
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Mansour N, Mehanna S, Bodman-Smith K, Daher CF, Khnayzer RS. A Ru(II)-Strained Complex with 2,9-Diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Ligand Induces Selective Photoactivatable Chemotherapeutic Activity on Human Alveolar Carcinoma Cells via Apoptosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:50. [PMID: 38256884 PMCID: PMC10819265 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
[Ru(bipy)2(dpphen)]Cl2 (where bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine and dpphen = 2,9-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) (complex 1) is a sterically strained compound that exhibits promising in vitro photocytotoxicity on an array of cell lines. Since lung adenocarcinoma cancer remains the most common lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths, the current study aims to evaluate the plausible effect and uptake of complex 1 on human alveolar carcinoma cells (A549) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and assess its cytotoxicity in vitro while considering its effect on cell morphology, membrane integrity and DNA damage. MSC and A549 cells showed similar rates of complex 1 uptake with a plateau at 12 h. Upon photoactivation, complex 1 exhibited selective, potent anticancer activity against A549 cells with phototoxicity index (PI) values of 16, 25 and 39 at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in A549-cell rounding and detachment, loss of membrane integrity and DNA damage. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed that A549 cells undergo apoptosis when treated with complex 1 followed by photoactivation. In conclusion, this present study suggests that complex 1 might be a promising candidate for photochemotherapy with photoproducts that possess selective anticancer effects in vitro. These results are encouraging to probe the potential activity of this complex in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa Mansour
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (N.M.); (S.M.); (C.F.D.)
| | - Stephanie Mehanna
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (N.M.); (S.M.); (C.F.D.)
| | - Kikki Bodman-Smith
- Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Costantine F. Daher
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (N.M.); (S.M.); (C.F.D.)
| | - Rony S. Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon; (N.M.); (S.M.); (C.F.D.)
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11
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D’Amato A, Mariconda A, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, Sinicropi MS, Longo P. Complexes of Ruthenium(II) as Promising Dual-Active Agents against Cancer and Viral Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1729. [PMID: 38139855 PMCID: PMC10747139 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor responses to medical care and the failure of pharmacological treatment for many high-frequency diseases, such as cancer and viral infections, have been widely documented. In this context, numerous metal-based substances, including cisplatin, auranofin, various gold metallodrugs, and ruthenium complexes, are under study as possible anticancer and antiviral agents. The two Ru(III) and Ru(II) complexes, namely, BOLD-100 and RAPTA-C, are presently being studied in a clinical trial and preclinical studies evaluation, respectively, as anticancer agents. Interestingly, BOLD-100 has also recently demonstrated antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the last years, much effort has been dedicated to discovering new dual anticancer-antiviral agents. Ru-based complexes could be very suitable in this respect. Thus, this review focuses on the most recent studies regarding newly synthesized Ru(II) complexes for use as anticancer and/or antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta D’Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | | | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.D.); (P.L.)
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12
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Međedović M, Mijatović A, Baošić R, Lazić D, Milanović Ž, Marković Z, Milovanović J, Arsenijević D, Stojanović B, Arsenijević M, Milovanović M, Petrović B, Simović AR. Synthesis, characterization, biomolecular interactions, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of novel ruthenium(III) Schiff base complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 248:112363. [PMID: 37689038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to discover new anticancer drugs, novel ruthenium(III) complexes [Ru(L)Cl(H2O)], where L is tetradentate Schiff base bis(acetylacetone)ethylendiimine (acacen, 1), bis(benzoylacetone)ethylendiimine (bzacen, 2), (acetylacetone)(benzoylaceton)ethylendiimine (acacbzacen, 3), bis(acetylacetone)propylendiimine (acacpn, 4), bis(benzoylacetone)propylendiimine (bzacpn, 5) or (acetylacetone)(benzoylaceton)propylendiimine (acacbzacpn, 6), were synthesized. The complexes 1 - 6 were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductometry, and by various spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-Vis, IR, EPR, and ESI-MS. Based on in vitro DNA/BSA experiments, complexes 2 (bzacen) and 5 (bzacpn) with two aromatic rings showed the highest DNA/BSA-activity, suggesting that the presence of the aromatic ring on the tetradentate Schiff base ligand contributes to increased activity. Moreover, these two compounds showed the highest cytotoxic effects toward human, A549 and murine LLC1 lung cancer cells. These complexes altered the ratio of anti- and pro-apoptotic molecules and induced apoptosis of A549 cells. Further, complexes 2 and 5 reduced the percentage of Mcl1 and Bcl2 expressing LLC1 cells, induced their apoptotic death and exerted an antiproliferative effect against LLC1. Finally, complex 5 reduced the volume of mouse primary heterotopic Lewis lung cancer, while complex 2 reduced the incidence and mean number of metastases per lung. Additionally, molecular docking with DNA revealed that the reduced number of aromatic rings or their absence causes lower intercalative properties of the complexes in order: 2 > 5 > 6 > 3 > 4 > 1. It was observed that conventional hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions contribute to the stabilization of the structures of complex-DNA. A molecular docking study with BSA revealed a predominance of 1 - 6 in binding affinity to the active site III, a third D-shaped hydrophobic pocket within subdomain IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Međedović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mijatović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Đušina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Baošić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Lazić
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kraujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Žiko Milanović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milovanović
- Departement of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijević
- Departement of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanović
- Departement of Patophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miloš Arsenijević
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kraujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanović
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana Rilak Simović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Natural Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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13
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Das R, Paira P. GSH resistant, luminescent 2-(pyren-1-yl)-1 H-imidazo[4,5- f][1,10]phenanthroline-based Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) complexes for phototoxicity in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15365-15376. [PMID: 37493615 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Selective chemotherapeutic strategies necessitate the emergence of a photosensitive scaffold to abate the nuisance of cancer. In the current context, photo-activated chemotherapy (PACT) has, therefore, appeared to be very effective to vanquish the vehemence of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Metal complexes have been identified to act well against cancer cell microenvironment (high GSH content, low pH, and hypoxia), and thus they have been employed in the treatment of various types of cancer. As TNBC is very challenging to treat owing to its poor prognosis, lack of a specific target, high chance of relapse, and strong metastatic ability, herein we have aspired to design GSH-resistant phototoxic Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) based pyrene imidazophenathroline complexes to selectively avert the triple-negative breast cancer. The application of complexes, [RuL], [IrL], and [ReL] in the absence and in the presence of GSH against MDA-MB-231TNBC cells, has revealed that they are very active upon irradiation of visible light compared to dark due to the creation of copious singlet oxygen (1O2) as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among three synthesized complexes, [IrL] has shown outstanding potency (IC50 = 3.70 in the absence of GSH and IC50 = 3.90 in the presence of GSH). Also, the complex, [IrL] is capable of interacting with DNA with the highest binding constant (Kb = 0.023 × 106 M-1) along with higher protein binding affinity (KBSA = 0.0321 × 106 M-1). Here, it has been unveiled that all the complexes have been entitled to involve DNA covalent interaction through the available sites of both adenine and guanine bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of advanced sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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14
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Gonçalves YG, Becceneri AB, Graminha AE, Miranda VM, Rios RR, Rinaldi-Neto F, Costa MS, Gonçalves ACR, Deflon VM, Yoneyama KAG, Maia PIS, Franca EF, Cominetti MR, Silva RS, Von Poelhsitz G. New ruthenium(II) complexes with cyclic thio- and semicarbazone: evaluation of cytotoxicity and effects on cell migration and apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37377063 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00750b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro antitumor assays of four novel analogous ruthenium(II) complexes with general formula cis-[RuII(N-L)(P-P)2]PF6, where P-P = bis(diphenylphosphine)methane (dppm, in complexes 1 and 2) or bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane (dppe, in complexes 3 and 4) and N-L = 5,6-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-[1,2,4]triazine-3-thione (Btsc, in complexes 1 and 3) or 5,6-diphenyltriazine-3-one (Bsc, in complexes 2 and 4). The data were consistent with cis arrangement of the biphosphine ligands. For the Btsc and Bsc ligands, the data pointed to monoanionic bidentate coordination to ruthenium(II) through N,S and N,O, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that complex 1 crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c. Determination of the cytotoxicity profiles of complexes 1-4 gave SI values ranging from 1.19 to 3.50 against the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and the non-tumor lung cell line MRC-5. Although the molecular docking studies suggested that the interaction between DNA and complex 4 was energetically favorable, the experimental results showed that they interacted weakly. Overall, our results demonstrated that these novel ruthenium(II) complexes have interesting in vitro antitumor potential and this study may contribute to further studies in medicinal inorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmim G Gonçalves
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Química Bioinorgânica, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda B Becceneri
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Química Bioinorgânica, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelica E Graminha
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Química Bioinorgânica, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Gerontology Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor M Miranda
- Grupo de Química Inorgânica Estrutural e Biológica, Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, USP - São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella R Rios
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Química Bioinorgânica, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Rinaldi-Neto
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Química Bioinorgânica, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica S Costa
- Genetic and Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana C R Gonçalves
- Exacts, Natural Sciences, and Education Institute, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor M Deflon
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Química Bioinorgânica, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly A G Yoneyama
- Genetic and Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro I S Maia
- Exacts, Natural Sciences, and Education Institute, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Franca
- Laboratório de Cristalografia e Química Computacional, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Cominetti
- Gerontology Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Silva
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Química Bioinorgânica, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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15
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Ceramella J, Troiano R, Iacopetta D, Mariconda A, Pellegrino M, Catalano A, Saturnino C, Aquaro S, Sinicropi MS, Longo P. Synthesis of Novel N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Ruthenium (II) Complexes, “Precious” Tools with Antibacterial, Anticancer and Antioxidant Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040693. [PMID: 37107055 PMCID: PMC10135378 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene (Ru-NHC) complexes show interesting physico-chemical properties as catalysts and potential in medicinal chemistry, exhibiting multiple biological activities, among them anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new series of Ru-NHC complexes and evaluated their biological activities as anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant agents. Among the newly synthesized complexes, RANHC-V and RANHC-VI are the most active against triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231. These compounds were selective in vitro inhibitors of the human topoisomerase I activity and triggered cell death by apoptosis. Furthermore, the Ru-NHC complexes’ antimicrobial activity was studied against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, revealing that all the complexes possessed the best antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, at a concentration of 25 µg/mL. Finally, the antioxidant effect was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging assays, resulting in a higher ability for inhibiting the ABTS•+, with respect to the well-known antioxidant Trolox. Thus, this work provides encouraging insights for further development of novel Ru-NHC complexes as potent chemotherapeutic agents endowed with multiple biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rubina Troiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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16
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Shereef HA, Moemen YS, Elshami FI, El-Nahas AM, Shaban SY, van Eldik R. DNA Binding and Cleavage, Stopped-Flow Kinetic, Mechanistic, and Molecular Docking Studies of Cationic Ruthenium(II) Nitrosyl Complexes Containing “NS4” Core. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073028. [PMID: 37049792 PMCID: PMC10095794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate in vitro DNA binding mechanistically of cationic nitrosyl ruthenium complex [RuNOTSP]+ and its ligand (TSPH2) in detail, correlate the findings with cleavage activity, and draw conclusions about the impact of the metal center. Theoretical studies were performed for [RuNOTSP]+, TSPH2, and its anion TSP−2 using DFT/B3LYP theory to calculate optimized energy, binding energy, and chemical reactivity. Since nearly all medications function by attaching to a particular protein or DNA, the in vitro calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) binding studies of [RuNOTSP]+ and TSPH2 with ctDNA were examined mechanistically using a variety of biophysical techniques. Fluorescence experiments showed that both compounds effectively bind to ctDNA through intercalative/electrostatic interactions via the DNA helix’s phosphate backbone. The intrinsic binding constants (Kb), (2.4 ± 0.2) × 105 M−1 ([RuNOTSP]+) and (1.9 ± 0.3) × 105 M−1 (TSPH2), as well as the enhancement dynamic constants (KD), (3.3 ± 0.3) × 104 M−1 ([RuNOTSP]+) and (2.6 ± 0.2) × 104 M−1 (TSPH2), reveal that [RuNOTSP]+ has a greater binding propensity for DNA compared to TSPH2. Stopped-flow investigations showed that both [RuNOTSP]+ and TSPH2 bind through two reversible steps: a fast second-order binding, followed by a slow first-order isomerization reaction via a static quenching mechanism. For the first and second steps of [RuNOTSP]+ and TSPH2, the detailed binding parameters were established. The total binding constants for [RuNOTSP]+ (Ka = 43.7 M−1, Kd = 2.3 × 10−2 M−1, ΔG0 = −36.6 kJ mol−1) and TSPH2 (Ka = 15.1 M−1, Kd = 66 × 10−2 M, ΔG0 = −19 kJ mol−1) revealed that the relative reactivity is approximately ([RuNOTSP]+)/(TSPH2) = 3/1. The significantly negative ΔG0 values are consistent with a spontaneous binding reaction to both [RuNOTSP]+ and TSPH2, with the former being very favorable. The findings showed that the Ru(II) center had an effect on the reaction rate but not on the mechanism and that the cationic [RuNOTSP]+ was a more highly effective DNA binder than the ligand TSPH2 via strong electrostatic interaction with the phosphate end of DNA. Because of its higher DNA binding affinity, cationic [RuNOTSP]+ demonstrated higher cleavage efficiency towards the minor groove of pBR322 DNA via the hydrolytic pathway than TSPH2, revealing the synergy effect of TSPH2 in the form of the complex. Furthermore, the mode of interaction of both compounds with ctDNA has also been supported by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A. Shereef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
- Clinical Pathology Department, University Hospital, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Yasmine S. Moemen
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Fawzia I. Elshami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Nahas
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Shaban Y. Shaban
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.Y.S.); (R.v.E.)
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.Y.S.); (R.v.E.)
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17
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Catalano A, Mariconda A, Sinicropi MS, Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Saturnino C, Longo P. Biological Activities of Ruthenium NHC Complexes: An Update. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:365. [PMID: 36830276 PMCID: PMC9952499 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have unique physico-chemical properties as catalysts and a huge potential in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, exhibiting a variety of notable biological activities. In this review, the most recent studies on ruthenium NHC complexes are summarized, focusing specifically on antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Ruthenium NHC complexes are generally active against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Listeria monocytogenes and are seldom active against Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and fungal strains of Candida albicans. The antiproliferative activity was tested against cancer cell lines of human colon, breast, cervix, epidermis, liver and rat glioblastoma cell lines. Ruthenium NHC complexes generally demonstrated cytotoxicity higher than standard anticancer drugs. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of action of these interesting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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18
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Bíró L, Tóth B, Lihi N, Farkas E, Buglyó P. Interaction between [(η 6- p-cym)M(H 2O) 3] 2+ (M II = Ru, Os) or [(η 5-Cp*)M(H 2O) 3] 2+ (M III = Rh, Ir) and Phosphonate Derivatives of Iminodiacetic Acid: A Solution Equilibrium and DFT Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031477. [PMID: 36771142 PMCID: PMC9918899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH-dependent binding strengths and modes of the organometallic [(η6-p-cym)M(H2O)3]2+ (MII = Ru, Os; p-cym = 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene) or [(η5-Cp*)M(H2O)3]2+ (MIII = Rh, Ir; Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl anion) cations towards iminodiacetic acid (H2Ida) and its biorelevant mono- and diphosphonate derivatives N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine (H3IdaP) and iminodi(methylphosphonic acid) (H4Ida2P) was studied in an aqueous solution. The results showed that all three of the ligands form 1:1 complexes via the tridentate (O,N,O) donor set, for which the binding mode was further corroborated by the DFT method. Although with IdaP3- and Ida2P4- in mono- and bis-protonated species, where H+ might also be located at the non-coordinating N atom, the theoretical calculations revealed the protonation of the phosphonate group(s) and the tridentate coordination of the phosphonate ligands. The replacement of one carboxylate in Ida2- by a phosphonate group (IdaP3-) resulted in a significant increase in the stability of the metal complexes; however, this increase vanished with Ida2P4-, which was most likely due to some steric hindrance upon the coordination of the second large phosphonate group to form (5 + 5) joined chelates. In the phosphonate-containing systems, the neutral 1:1 complexes are the major species at pH 7.4 in the millimolar concentration range that is supported by both NMR and ESI-TOF-MS.
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Lu Y, Zhu D, Le Q, Wang Y, Wang W. Ruthenium-based antitumor drugs and delivery systems from monotherapy to combination therapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16339-16375. [PMID: 36341705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complex is an important compound group for antitumor drug research and development. NAMI-A, KP1019, TLD1433 and other ruthenium complexes have entered clinical research. In recent years, the research on ruthenium antitumor drugs has not been limited to single chemotherapy drugs; other applications of ruthenium complexes have emerged such as in combination therapy. During the development of ruthenium complexes, drug delivery forms of ruthenium antitumor drugs have also evolved from single-molecule drugs to nanodrug delivery systems. The review summarizes the following aspects: (1) ruthenium complexes from monotherapy to combination therapy, including the development of single-molecule compounds, carrier nanomedicine, and self-assembly of carrier-free nanomedicine; (2) ruthenium complexes in the process of ADME in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; (3) the applications of ruthenium complexes in combination therapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), immunotherapy, and their combined application; (4) the future prospects of ruthenium-based antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Quynh Le
- Center for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Beijing 100069, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, P. O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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20
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Lucaciu RL, Hangan AC, Sevastre B, Oprean LS. Metallo-Drugs in Cancer Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Molecules 2022; 27:6485. [PMID: 36235023 PMCID: PMC9572156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatments which include conventional chemotherapy have not proven very successful in curing human malignancies. The failures of these treatment modalities include inherent resistance, systemic toxicity and severe side effects. Out of 50% patients administrated to chemotherapy, only 5% survive. For these reasons, the identification of new drug designs and therapeutic strategies that could target cancer cells while leaving normal cells unaffected still continues to be a challenge. Despite advances that have led to the development of new therapies, treatment options are still limited for many types of cancers. This review provides an overview of platinum, copper and ruthenium metal based anticancer drugs in clinical trials and in vitro/in vivo studies. Presumably, copper and ruthenium complexes have greater potential than Pt(II) complexes, showing reduced toxicity, a new mechanism of action, a different spectrum of activity and the possibility of non-cross-resistance. We focus the discussion towards past, present and future aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Liana Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu-Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or
| | - Adriana Corina Hangan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu-Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Sevastre
- Clinic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Madicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luminița Simona Oprean
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu-Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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21
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Zhang J, Li Y, Fang R, Wei W, Wang Y, Jin J, Yang F, Chen J. Organometallic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes for lung cancer treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979951. [PMID: 36176441 PMCID: PMC9513137 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal compounds, especially gold complexes, have recently gained increasing attention as possible lung cancer therapeutics. Some gold complexes display not only excellent activity in cisplatin-sensitive lung cancer but also in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer, revealing promising prospects in the development of novel treatments for lung cancer. This review summarizes examples of anticancer gold(I) and gold (III) complexes for lung cancer treatment, including mechanisms of action and approaches adopted to improve their efficiency. Several excellent examples of gold complexes against lung cancer are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzheng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ronghao Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiamin Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Yang, mailto:, Jian Chen, mailto:
| | - Jian Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Yang, mailto:, Jian Chen, mailto:
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22
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Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activities of cationic η6-p-cymene ruthenium(II) complexes containing phosphine and nitrogenous ligands. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Li C, Ji M, Zhang K, Sun S, Jiang J. Dinuclear bismuth (III) complex constructed by isoniazid‐derived Schiff‐base: synthesis, crystal structure, and biological activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan‐Hua Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare‐Precious Metals Compounds and Applications School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Chenzhou Hunan Province China
| | - Meng‐Han Ji
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare‐Precious Metals Compounds and Applications School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Chenzhou Hunan Province China
| | - Kai‐Wen Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare‐Precious Metals Compounds and Applications School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Chenzhou Hunan Province China
| | - Shou‐Ying Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare‐Precious Metals Compounds and Applications School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Chenzhou Hunan Province China
| | - Jian‐Hong Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare‐Precious Metals Compounds and Applications School of Chemistry and Environmental Science Chenzhou Hunan Province China
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24
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Hafeez J, Bilal M, Rasool N, Hafeez U, Adnan Ali Shah S, Imran S, Amiruddin Zakaria Z. Synthesis of Ruthenium complexes and their catalytic applications: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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25
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Ma X, Lu J, Yang P, Huang B, Li R, Ye R. Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Mechanism Investigation of Heterometallic Ru(Ⅱ)-Re(Ⅰ) Complexes. Front Chem 2022; 10:890925. [PMID: 35711955 PMCID: PMC9196629 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.890925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of heteronuclear metal complexes as potent anticancer agents has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, two new heteronuclear Ru(Ⅱ)-Re(Ⅰ) metal complexes, [Ru(bpy)2LRe(CO)3(DIP)](PF6)3 and [Ru(phen)2LRe(CO)3(DIP)](PF6)3 [RuRe-1 and RuRe-2, L = 2-(4-pyridinyl)imidazolio[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline], were synthesized and characterized. Cytotoxicity assay shows that RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 exhibit higher anticancer activity than cisplatin, and exist certain selectivity toward human cancer cells over normal cells. The anticancer mechanistic studies reveal that RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 can induce apoptosis through the regulation of cell cycle, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase cascade. Moreover, RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 can effectively inhibit cell migration and colony formation. Taken together, heteronuclear Ru(Ⅱ)-Re(Ⅰ) metal complexes possess the prospect of developing new anticancer agents with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Junjian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Peixin Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Huang, ; Ruirong Ye,
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ruirong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Huang, ; Ruirong Ye,
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26
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Ferraro MG, Piccolo M, Misso G, Santamaria R, Irace C. Bioactivity and Development of Small Non-Platinum Metal-Based Chemotherapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050954. [PMID: 35631543 PMCID: PMC9147010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Countless expectations converge in the multidisciplinary endeavour for the search and development of effective and safe drugs in fighting cancer. Although they still embody a minority of the pharmacological agents currently in clinical use, metal-based complexes have great yet unexplored potential, which probably hides forthcoming anticancer drugs. Following the historical success of cisplatin and congeners, but also taking advantage of conventional chemotherapy limitations that emerged with applications in the clinic, the design and development of non-platinum metal-based chemotherapeutics, either as drugs or prodrugs, represents a rapidly evolving field wherein candidate compounds can be fine-tuned to access interactions with druggable biological targets. Moving in this direction, over the last few decades platinum family metals, e.g., ruthenium and palladium, have been largely proposed. Indeed, transition metals and molecular platforms where they originate are endowed with unique chemical and biological features based on, but not limited to, redox activity and coordination geometries, as well as ligand selection (including their inherent reactivity and bioactivity). Herein, current applications and progress in metal-based chemoth are reviewed. Converging on the recent literature, new attractive chemotherapeutics based on transition metals other than platinum—and their bioactivity and mechanisms of action—are examined and discussed. A special focus is committed to anticancer agents based on ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, and iridium, but also to gold derivatives, for which more experimental data are nowadays available. Next to platinum-based agents, ruthenium-based candidate drugs were the first to reach the stage of clinical evaluation in humans, opening new scenarios for the development of alternative chemotherapeutic options to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ferraro
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Marialuisa Piccolo
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.I.)
| | - Rita Santamaria
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Carlo Irace
- BioChemLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.G.F.); (M.P.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.I.)
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27
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Juszczak M, Kluska M, Kosińska A, Rudolf B, Woźniak K. Antioxidant Activity of Ruthenium Cyclopentadienyl Complexes Bearing Succinimidato and Phthalimidato Ligands. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092803. [PMID: 35566156 PMCID: PMC9101797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In these studies, we investigated the antioxidant activity of three ruthenium cyclopentadienyl complexes bearing different imidato ligands: (η5-cyclopentadienyl)Ru(CO)2-N-methoxysuccinimidato (1), (η5-cyclopentadienyl)Ru(CO)2-N-ethoxysuccinimidato (2), and (η5-cyclopentadienyl)Ru(CO)2-N-phthalimidato (3). We studied the effects of ruthenium complexes 1–3 at a low concentration of 50 µM on the viability and the cell cycle of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HL-60 leukemic cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Moreover, we examined the influence of these complexes on DNA oxidative damage, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. We have observed that ruthenium complexes 1–3 increase the viability of both normal and cancer cells decreased by H2O2 and also alter the HL-60 cell cycle arrested by H2O2 in the sub-G1 phase. In addition, we have shown that ruthenium complexes reduce the levels of ROS and oxidative DNA damage in both cell types. They also restore SOD activity reduced by H2O2. Our results indicate that ruthenium complexes 1–3 bearing succinimidato and phthalimidato ligands have antioxidant activity without cytotoxic effect at low concentrations. For this reason, the ruthenium complexes studied by us should be considered interesting molecules with clinical potential that require further detailed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Juszczak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Kluska
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Aneta Kosińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.R.)
| | - Bogna Rudolf
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 91-403 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Woźniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.J.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Migliore R, Biver T, Barone G, Sgarlata C. Quantitative Analysis of the Interactions of Metal Complexes and Amphiphilic Systems: Calorimetric, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Aspects. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030408. [PMID: 35327600 PMCID: PMC8946196 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metals and metal-based compounds have many implications in biological systems. They are involved in cellular functions, employed in the formation of metal-based drugs and present as pollutants in aqueous systems, with toxic effects for living organisms. Amphiphilic molecules also play important roles in the above bio-related fields as models of membranes, nanocarriers for drug delivery and bioremediating agents. Despite the interest in complex systems involving both metal species and surfactant aggregates, there is still insufficient knowledge regarding the quantitative aspects at the basis of their binding interactions, which are crucial for extensive comprehension of their behavior in solution. Only a few papers have reported quantitative analyses of the thermodynamic, kinetic, speciation and binding features of metal-based compounds and amphiphilic aggregates, and no literature review has yet addressed the quantitative study of these complexes. Here, we summarize and critically discuss the recent contributions to the quantitative investigation of the interactions of metal-based systems with assemblies made of amphiphilic molecules by calorimetric, spectrophotometric and computational techniques, emphasizing the unique picture and parameters that such an analytical approach may provide, to support a deep understanding and beneficial use of these systems for several applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Migliore
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Sgarlata
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
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29
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The Anticancer Ruthenium Compound BOLD-100 Targets Glycolysis and Generates a Metabolic Vulnerability towards Glucose Deprivation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020238. [PMID: 35213972 PMCID: PMC8875291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular energy metabolism is reprogrammed in cancer to fuel proliferation. In oncological therapy, treatment resistance remains an obstacle and is frequently linked to metabolic perturbations. Identifying metabolic changes as vulnerabilities opens up novel approaches for the prevention or targeting of acquired therapy resistance. Insights into metabolic alterations underlying ruthenium-based chemotherapy resistance remain widely elusive. In this study, colon cancer HCT116 and pancreatic cancer Capan-1 cells were selected for resistance against the clinically evaluated ruthenium complex sodium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (BOLD-100). Gene expression profiling identified transcriptional deregulation of carbohydrate metabolism as a response to BOLD-100 and in resistance against the drug. Mechanistically, acquired BOLD-100 resistance is linked to elevated glucose uptake and an increased lysosomal compartment, based on a defect in downstream autophagy execution. Congruently, metabolomics suggested stronger glycolytic activity, in agreement with the distinct hypersensitivity of BOLD-100-resistant cells to 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). In resistant cells, 2-DG induced stronger metabolic perturbations associated with ER stress induction and cytoplasmic lysosome deregulation. The combination with 2-DG enhanced BOLD-100 activity against HCT116 and Capan-1 cells and reverted acquired BOLD-100 resistance by synergistic cell death induction and autophagy disturbance. This newly identified enhanced glycolytic activity as a metabolic vulnerability in BOLD-100 resistance suggests the targeting of glycolysis as a promising strategy to support BOLD-100 anticancer activity.
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30
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Rubio AR, González R, Busto N, Vaquero M, Iglesias AL, Jalón FA, Espino G, Rodríguez AM, García B, Manzano BR. Anticancer Activity of Half-Sandwich Ru, Rh and Ir Complexes with Chrysin Derived Ligands: Strong Effect of the Side Chain in the Ligand and Influence of the Metal. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1540. [PMID: 34683834 PMCID: PMC8537477 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in the field of anticancer chemotherapy is the search for new species to overcome the resistance of standard drugs. An interesting approach is to link bioactive ligands to metal fragments. In this work, we have synthesized a set of p-cymene-Ru or cyclopentadienyl-M (M = Rh, Ir) complexes with four chrysin-derived pro-ligands with different -OR substituents at position 7 of ring A. The introduction of a piperidine ring on chrysin led to the highly cytotoxic pro-ligand HL4 and its metal complexes L4-M (SW480 and A549 cell lines, cytotoxic order: L4-Ir > L4-Ru ≈ L4-Rh). HL4 and its complexes induce apoptosis and can overcome cis-platinum resistance. However, HL4 turns out to be more cytotoxic in healthy than in tumor cells in contrast to its metal complexes which displayed higher selectivity than cisplatin towards cancer cells. All L4-M complexes interact with double stranded DNA. Nonetheless, the influence of the metal is clear because only complex L4-Ir causes DNA cleavage, through the generation of highly reactive oxygen species (1O2). This result supports the hypothesis of a potential dual mechanism consisting of two different chemical pathways: DNA binding and ROS generation. This behavior provides this complex with a great effectivity in terms of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Rubio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Rocío González
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Mónica Vaquero
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana L. Iglesias
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología (FCITEC), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario # 1000, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Baja California, Tijuana 21500, Mexico
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 2, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Begoña García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Blanca R. Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
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Chen Y, Bai L, Zhang P, Zhao H, Zhou Q. The Development of Ru(II)-Based Photoactivated Chemotherapy Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:5679. [PMID: 34577150 PMCID: PMC8465985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) is a novel cancer treatment method that has drawn increasing attention due to its high selectivity and low side effects by spatio-temporal control of irradiation. Compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT), oxygen-independent PACT is more suitable for treating hypoxic tumors. By finely tuning ligand structures and coordination configurations, many Ru(II) complexes can undergo photoinduced ligand dissociation, and the resulting Ru(II) aqua species and/or free ligands may have anticancer activity, showing their potential as PACT agents. In this mini-review, we summarized the progress in Ru(II)-based PACT agents, as well as challenges that researchers in this field still face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.B.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lijuan Bai
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.B.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Pu Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.B.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hua Zhao
- Research Center for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation Engineering Technology of Chongqing, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.B.); (P.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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