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Gomes GJ, Zalazar MF, Padilha JC, Costa MB, Bazzi CL, Arroyo PA. Unveiling the mechanisms of carboxylic acid esterification on acid zeolites for biomass-to-energy: A review of the catalytic process through experimental and computational studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140879. [PMID: 38061565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest from industrial and academic areas in the esterification of carboxylic acids catalyzed by acidic zeolites, as it represents a sustainable and economically viable approach to producing a wide range of high-value-added products. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews that address the intricate reaction mechanisms occurring at the catalyst interface at both the experimental and atomistic levels. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of the esterification reaction on acidic zeolites based on experimental and theoretical studies. The combination of infrared spectroscopy with atomistic calculations and experimental strategies using modulation excitation spectroscopy techniques combined with phase-sensitive detection is presented as an approach to detecting short-lived intermediates at the interface of zeolitic frameworks under realistic reaction conditions. To achieve this goal, this review has been divided into four sections: The first is a brief introduction highlighting the distinctive features of this review. The second addresses questions about the topology and activity of different zeolitic systems, since these properties are closely correlated in the esterification process. The third section deals with the mechanisms proposed in the literature. The fourth section presents advances in IR techniques and theoretical calculations that can be applied to gain new insights into reaction mechanisms. Finally, this review concludes with a subtle approach, highlighting the main aspects and perspectives of combining experimental and theoretical techniques to elucidate different reaction mechanisms in zeolitic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucio José Gomes
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades (LEMyP), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada Del Nordeste Argentino, (IQUIBA-NEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina; Laboratório de Catálise Heterogênea e Biodiesel (LCHBio), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, (87020-900), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar Em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 3838, (85870-650), Foz Do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - María Fernanda Zalazar
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades (LEMyP), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada Del Nordeste Argentino, (IQUIBA-NEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional Del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Avenida Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Janine Carvalho Padilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar Em Energia e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 3838, (85870-650), Foz Do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michelle Budke Costa
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Brasil 4232, (85884-000), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Claudio Leones Bazzi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Brasil 4232, (85884-000), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Arroyo
- Laboratório de Catálise Heterogênea e Biodiesel (LCHBio), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790, (87020-900), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Bouhaj Y, Sair S, Ait Ousaleh H, Amadine O, Maati H, Zahouily M, Faik A, El Bouari A. Design and development of a highly efficient reusable zeolite impregnated ZnAl 2O 4 catalyst for biodiesel production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86773-86789. [PMID: 37410326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
As the demand for sustainable energy sources expands, the production of biodiesel has attracted great attention. The development of effective and ecologically friendly biodiesel catalysts has become an urgent need. In this context, the goal of this study is to develop a composite solid catalyst with enhanced efficiency, reusability, and reduced environmental impact. For that, eco-friendly, and reusable composite solid catalysts have been designed by impregnating different amounts of zinc aluminate into a zeolite matrix (ZnAl2O4@Zeolite). Structural and morphological characterizations confirmed the successful impregnation of zinc aluminate into the zeolite porous structure. Catalytic experiments revealed that the catalyst containing 15 wt% ZnAl2O4 showed the highest conversion activity of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of 99% under optimized reaction conditions, including 8 wt% catalyst, a molar ratio of 10:1 methanol to oil, a temperature of 100 °C, and 3 h of reaction time. The developed catalyst demonstrated high thermal and chemical stability, maintaining good catalytic activity even after five cycles. Furthermore, the produced biodiesel quality assessment has demonstrated good properties in compliance with the criteria of the American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM-D6751 and the European Standard EN14214. Overall, the findings of this study could have a significant impact on the commercial production of biodiesel by offering an efficient and environmentally friendly reusable catalyst, ultimately reducing the cost of biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness Bouhaj
- Laboratory of Physical-Chemistry of Materials and Catalysis (LPCMC), Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sik, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials for Sustainable Energy Technologies (LIMSET), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Said Sair
- MAScIR Foundation, VARENA Center, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane, 10100, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Hanane Ait Ousaleh
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials for Sustainable Energy Technologies (LIMSET), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Othmane Amadine
- MAScIR Foundation, VARENA Center, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Houda Maati
- MAScIR Foundation, VARENA Center, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- MAScIR Foundation, VARENA Center, Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane, 10100, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis and Valorization of Natural Resources, FST-Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Faik
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials for Sustainable Energy Technologies (LIMSET), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam El Bouari
- Laboratory of Physical-Chemistry of Materials and Catalysis (LPCMC), Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sik, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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Fusion-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Post-Synthesis Modification of Mesoporous Hydroxy Sodalite Zeolite Prepared from Waste Coal Fly Ash for Biodiesel Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in biodiesel prices remains a challenge, mainly due to the high cost of conventional oil feedstocks used during biodiesel production and the challenges associated with using homogeneous catalysts in the process. This study investigated the conversion of waste-derived black soldier fly (BSF) maggot oil feedstock over hydroxy sodalite (HS) zeolite synthesized from waste coal fly ash (CFA) in biodiesel production. The zeolite product prepared after fusion of CFA followed by hydrothermal synthesis (F-HS) resulted in a highly crystalline, mesoporous F-HS zeolite with a considerable surface area of 45 m2/g. The impact of post-synthesis modification of the parent HS catalyst (F-HS) by ion exchange with an alkali source (KOH) on its performance in biodiesel production was investigated. The parent F-HS zeolite catalyst resulted in a high biodiesel yield of 84.10%, with a good quality of 65% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content and fuel characteristics compliant with standard biodiesel specifications. After ion exchange, the modified HS zeolite catalyst (K/F-HS) decreased in crystallinity, mesoporosity and total surface area. The K/F-HS catalyst resulted in sub-standard biodiesel of 51.50% FAME content. Hence, contrary to various studies, the ion exchange modified zeolite was unfavorable as a catalyst for biodiesel production. Interestingly, the F-HS zeolite derived from waste CFA showed a favorable performance as a heterogeneous catalyst compared to the conventional sodium hydroxide (NaOH) homogeneous catalyst. The zeolite catalyst resulted in a more profitable process using BSF maggot oil and was economically comparable with NaOH for every kilogram of biodiesel produced. Furthermore, this study showed the potential to address the overall biodiesel production cost challenge via the development of waste-derived catalysts and BSF maggot oil as low-cost feedstock alternatives.
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Demir V, Akgün M. New Catalysts for Biodiesel Production under Supercritical Conditions of Alcohols: A Comprehensive Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Velid Demir
- Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Yildiz Technical University Davutpasa Campus, Esenler Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | - Mesut Akgün
- Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Yildiz Technical University Davutpasa Campus, Esenler Istanbul 34220 Turkey
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Hu Y, Wang C, Li T, Bao X, Yue Y. Nitrogen- and Halogen-Free Multifunctional Polymer-Directed Fabrication of Aluminum-Rich Hierarchical MFI Zeolites. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101633. [PMID: 35630855 PMCID: PMC9143885 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum-rich hierarchical MFI-type zeolites with high acidic-site density exhibit excellent activity and selectivity in bulky molecule-involved reactions. However, it is challenging to develop a facile and environmentally benign method for fabricating them. Herein, we employ a polymer that does not contain nitrogen and halogen elements to successfully synthesize aluminum-rich hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 8 and a significant number of mesopores comprised of oriented-assembled nanocrystals. It is demonstrated that the nitrogen- and halogen-free polymer is instrumental in the formation of the ZSM-5 zeolite by serving as a template for constructing the hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure. Moreover, this polymer also acts as a crystal growth modifier to form a single-crystalline zeolite. Notably, the resultant zeolite shows a better catalytic performance in converting waste plastic into hydrocarbons than a commercial one. Our work enables the synthesis of high-quality hierarchical zeolites without requiring quaternary ammonium templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Chan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (X.B.)
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Tiesen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (X.B.)
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Xiaojun Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (X.B.)
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yue
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; (Y.H.); (C.W.); (T.L.); (X.B.)
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
- Correspondence:
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