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Lusardi M, Signorello MG, Russo E, Caviglia D, Ponassi M, Iervasi E, Rosano C, Brullo C, Spallarossa A. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on Highly Functionalized Pyrazole Hydrazones and Amides as Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4607. [PMID: 38731825 PMCID: PMC11083148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminopyrazoles represent interesting structures in medicinal chemistry, and several derivatives showed biological activity in different therapeutic areas. Previously reported 5-aminopyrazolyl acylhydrazones and amides showed relevant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. To further extend the structure-activity relationships in this class of derivatives, a novel series of pyrazolyl acylhydrazones and amides was designed and prepared through a divergent approach. The novel compounds shared the phenylamino pyrazole nucleus that was differently decorated at positions 1, 3, and 4. The antiproliferative, antiaggregating, and antioxidant properties of the obtained derivatives 10-22 were evaluated in in vitro assays. Derivative 11a showed relevant antitumor properties against selected tumor cell lines (namely, HeLa, MCF7, SKOV3, and SKMEL28) with micromolar IC50 values. In the platelet assay, selected pyrazoles showed higher antioxidant and ROS formation inhibition activity than the reference drugs acetylsalicylic acid and N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, in vitro radical scavenging screening confirmed the good antioxidant properties of acylhydrazone molecules. Overall, the collected data allowed us to extend the structure-activity relationships of the previously reported compounds and confirmed the pharmaceutical attractiveness of this class of aminopyrazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Maria Grazia Signorello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Marco Ponassi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.I.); (C.R.)
| | - Erika Iervasi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.I.); (C.R.)
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.P.); (E.I.); (C.R.)
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.L.); (M.G.S.); (E.R.); (D.C.); (C.B.)
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Cuervo-Prado P, Orozco-López F, Becerra-Rivas C, Leon-Vargas D, Lozano-Oviedo J, Cobo J. Regioselective Synthesis of Cycloalkane-fused Pyrazolo[4,3- e]pyridines through Tandem Reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles, Cyclic Ketones and Electron-rich Olefins. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:947-956. [PMID: 39044704 DOI: 10.2174/0115701794269765231204064930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazolopyridines are interesting fused heterocyclic pharmacophores that combine pyrazole and pyridine; two privileged nuclei extensively studied and with a wide range of applications. They can be obtained by a broad variety of synthetic methods among which multicomponent reactions have gained importance, especially from 5-aminopyrazoles and dielectrophilic reagents. However, the search for new approaches more in tune with sustainable chemistry and the use of unconventional heating in three-component synthesis are open and highly relevant study fields. METHODS A novel, practical and efficient three-component synthesis of cycloalkane-fused pyrazolo[ 4,3-e]pyridines was developed through a tandem reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles, cyclic ketones and electron-rich olefins, using microwave induction in perfluorinated solvent and iodine as catalyst. RESULTS The microwave-induced three-component approach applied in this work promoted the construction of 10 new pyrazolopyridines with high speed and excellent control of regioselectivity, favoring the linear product with good yields; where the versatility of electron-rich olefins in iodine-catalyzed cascade heterocyclizations, granted the additional benefit of easy isolation and the possibility to reuse the fluorous phase. CONCLUSION Although pyrazolopyridines have been synthetically explored because of their structural and biological properties, most of the reported synthetic methods use common or even toxic organic solvents and conventional heating or multi-step processes. In contrast, this study applied a multicomponent methodology in a single step by microwave induction and with the versatility provided in this case by the use of perfluorinated solvent, which allowed easy isolation of the final product and recovery of the fluorous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cuervo-Prado
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Studies on Synthesis and Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, AA, 14490
| | - Fabián Orozco-López
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Studies on Synthesis and Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, AA, 14490
| | - Christian Becerra-Rivas
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Studies on Synthesis and Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, AA, 14490
| | - Diego Leon-Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Studies on Synthesis and Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, AA, 14490
| | - John Lozano-Oviedo
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Studies on Synthesis and Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, AA, 14490
| | - Justo Cobo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, 23071, Spain
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Alkahtani HM, Almehizia AA, Al-Omar MA, Obaidullah AJ, Zen AA, Hassan AS, Aboulthana WM. In Vitro Evaluation and Bioinformatics Analysis of Schiff Bases Bearing Pyrazole Scaffold as Bioactive Agents: Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Alzheimer, and Anti-Arthritic. Molecules 2023; 28:7125. [PMID: 37894604 PMCID: PMC10609138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our research programs for the discovery, production, and development of the pharmacological activities of molecules for various disease treatments, Schiff bases and pyrazole scaffold have a broad spectrum of activities in biological applications. In this context, this manuscript aims to evaluate and study Schiff base-pyrazole molecules as a new class of antioxidant (total antioxidant capacity, iron-reducing power, scavenging activity against DPPH, and ABTS radicals), anti-diabetic (α-amylase% inhibition), anti-Alzheimer's (acetylcholinesterase% inhibition), and anti-arthritic (protein denaturation% and proteinase enzyme% inhibitions) therapeutics. Therefore, the Schiff bases bearing pyrazole scaffold (22a, b and 23a, b) were designed and synthesized for evaluation of their antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer's, and anti-arthritic properties. The results for compound 22b demonstrated significant antioxidant, anti-diabetic (α-amylase% inhibition), and anti-Alzheimer's (ACE%) activities, while compound 23a demonstrated significant anti-arthritic activity. Prediction of in silico bioinformatics analysis (physicochemical properties, bioavailability radar, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry) of the target derivatives (22a, b and 23a, b) was performed. The molecular lipophilicity potential (MLP) of the derivatives 22a, b and 23a, b was measured to determine which parts of the surface are hydrophobic and which are hydrophilic. In addition, the molecular polar surface area (PSA) was measured to determine the polar surface area and the non-polar surface area of the derivatives 22a, b and 23a, b. This study could be useful to help pharmaceutical researchers discover a new series of potent agents that may act as an antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-arthritic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.A.-O.); (A.J.O.)
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.A.-O.); (A.J.O.)
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.A.-O.); (A.J.O.)
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (M.A.A.-O.); (A.J.O.)
| | - Amer A. Zen
- Chemistry & Forensics Department, Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham Ng11 8NS, UK;
| | - Ashraf S. Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Wael M. Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
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Spallarossa A, Rapetti F, Signorello MG, Rosano C, Iervasi E, Ponassi M, Brullo C. Insights into the Pharmacological Activity of the Imidazo-Pyrazole Scaffold. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300252. [PMID: 37366115 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we synthesized different imidazo-pyrazoles 1 and 2 with interesting anticancer, anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. To further extend the structure-activity relationships of imidazo-pyrazole scaffold and to identify novel antiproliferative/anti-inflammatory agents potentially active with multi-target mechanisms, a library of compounds 3-5 has been designed and synthesized. The chemical modifications characterizing the novel derivatives include: i) decoration of the catechol ring with groups with different electronic, steric and lipophilic properties (compounds 3); ii) insertion of a methyl group on C-6 of imidazo-pyrazole scaffold (compounds 4); iii) shift of the acylhydrazonic substituent from position 7 to 6 of the imidazo-pyrazole substructure (compounds 5). All synthesized compounds were tested against a panel of cancer and normal cell lines. Derivatives 3 a, 3 e, 4 c, 5 g and 5 h showed IC50 values in the low micromolar range against selected tumor cell lines and proved to have antioxidant properties, being able to inhibit ROS production in human platelet. In silico calculation predicted favourable drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties for the most promising compounds. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations suggested the ability of most active derivative 3 e to interact with colchicine binding site in the polymeric tubulin α/tubulin β/stathmin4 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Rapetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Camillo Rosano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Unit Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Erika Iervasi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Unit Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Ponassi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Unit Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
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Lusardi M, Spallarossa A, Brullo C. Amino-Pyrazoles in Medicinal Chemistry: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097834. [PMID: 37175540 PMCID: PMC10177828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A pyrazole nucleus is an easy-to-prepare scaffold with large therapeutic potential. Consequently, the search for new pyrazole-based compounds is of great interest to the academic community as well as industry. In the last ten years, a large number of papers and reviews on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of different classes of pyrazoles and many pyrazole-containing compounds have been published. However, an overview of pyrazole derivatives bearing a free amino group at the 3, 4, or 5 position (namely, 3-aminopyrazoles, 4-aminopyrazoles, and 5-aminopyrazoles, respectively) and their biological properties is still missing, despite the fact that aminopyrazoles are advantageous frameworks able to provide useful ligands for receptors or enzymes, such as p38MAPK, and different kinases, COX and others, as well as targets important for bacterial and virus infections. With the aim to fill this gap, the present review focuses on aminopyrazole-based compounds studied as active agents in different therapeutic areas, with particular attention on the design and structure-activity relationships defined by each class of compounds. In particular, the most relevant results have been obtained for anticancer/anti-inflammatory compounds, as the recent approval of Pirtobrutinib demonstrates. The data reported here are collected from different databases (Scifinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Pubmed) using "aminopyrazole" as the keyword.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusardi
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Brullo C, Caviglia D, Spallarossa A, Alfei S, Franzblau SG, Tasso B, Schito AM. Microbiological Screening of 5-Functionalized Pyrazoles for the Future Development of Optimized Pyrazole-Based Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091770. [PMID: 36145518 PMCID: PMC9503297 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrazole ring represents a widely applied chemical scaffold in medicinal chemistry research and we have observed that the physicochemical and biological features of highly substituted pyrazoles can be successfully improved by their encapsulation in dendrimer nanoparticles (NPs). For the future development of new optimized antibacterial delivery systems, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-amino functionalized pyrazole library (compounds 2–7). In detail, new derivatives 2–7 were differently decorated in C3, C4 and C5 positions. An in silico study predicted pyrazoles 2–7 to exert good drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds 3c and 4b were endowed with moderate, but nanotechnologically improvable activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Gram-positive species, especially of the Staphylococcus genus (MICs = 32–64 µg/mL). In addition, derivatives 3c and 4a showed moderate activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 4a evidenced activity also against MDR strains. Overall, the collected evidence supported that, upon nano-formulation with proper polymer matrices, the new synthesized compounds could provide new pyrazole-based drug delivery systems with an enhanced and enlarged-spectrum of antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Organic Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Ebenezer O, Shapi M, Tuszynski JA. A Review of the Recent Development in the Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of Pyrazole Derivatives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051124. [PMID: 35625859 PMCID: PMC9139179 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazoles are five-membered heterocyclic compounds that contain nitrogen. They are an important class of compounds for drug development; thus, they have attracted much attention. In the meantime, pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized as target structures and have demonstrated numerous biological activities such as antituberculosis, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory. This review summarizes the results of published research on pyrazole derivatives synthesis and biological activities. The published research works on pyrazole derivatives synthesis and biological activities between January 2018 and December 2021 were retrieved from the Scopus database and reviewed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi Ebenezer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban 4026, South Africa; (O.E.); (M.S.)
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Michael Shapi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban 4026, South Africa; (O.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Crystal structure of methyl 2-(4-(2-(cyclopentyl-amino)-1-(N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxamido)-2-oxoethyl)phenyl)acetate, C34H36N4O5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C34H36N4O5, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 29.9636(9) Å, b = 20.4000(3) Å, c = 14.2266(4) Å, β = 132.845(5)°, V = 6376.0(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0544, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1735, T = 293(2) K.
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