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Hay AE, Deborde C, Dussarrat T, Moing A, Millery A, Hoang TPT, Touboul D, Rey M, Ledru L, Ibanez S, Pétriacq P, Vanhaverbeke C, Gallet C. Comparative metabolomics reveals how the severity of predation by the invasive insect Cydalima perspectalis modulates the metabolism re-orchestration of native Buxus sempervirens. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 38985650 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The recent biological invasion of box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis on Buxus trees has a major impact on European boxwood stands through severe defoliation. This can hinder further regrowth and threaten survival of populations. In a mesocosm approach and controlled larval density over a 2-month period, responses of B. sempervirens essential and specialized metabolites were characterized using metabolomics, combining 1H-NMR and LC-MS/MS approaches. This is the first metabolome depiction of major Buxus responses to boxwood moth invasion. Under severe predation, remaining green leaves accumulate free amino acids (with the noticeable exception of proline). The leaf trans-4-hydroxystachydrine and stachydrine reached 10-13% and 2-3% (DW), while root content was lower but also modulated by predation level. Larval predation promoted triterpenoid and (steroidal) alkaloid synthesis and diversification, while flavonoids did not seem to have a relevant role in Buxus resistance. Our results reveal the concomitant responses of central and specialized metabolism, in relation to severity of predation. They also confirm the potential of metabolic profiling using 1H-NMR and LC-MS to detect re-orchestration of metabolism of native boxwood after severe herbivorous predation by the invasive box-tree moth, and thus their relevance for plant-insect relationships and ecometabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Hay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - CESN, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Deborde
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Bordeaux, France
| | - T Dussarrat
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Moing
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Millery
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - T P T Hoang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Rey
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - CESN, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne, France
| | - L Ledru
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - S Ibanez
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - P Pétriacq
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, UMR 1332, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - C Gallet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine UMR CNRS 5553, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Szabó LU, Schmidt TJ. Investigation of the Variability of Alkaloids in Buxus sempervirens L. Using Multivariate Data Analysis of LC/MS Profiles. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010082. [PMID: 35011313 PMCID: PMC8746436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Buxus sempervirens L. is a common ornamental plant in southern and central Europe, and has been used ethopharmacologically against a wide variety of diseases due to it containing nor-triterpene alkaloids of the nor-cycloartane type. Recently, we demonstrated the interesting antiprotozoal potential of some of these compounds. To characterize the temporal variability in the alkaloid profile of two different varieties and their leaves and twigs, 30 different extracts of B. sempervirens were evaluated by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography/positive Mode-Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/+ESI-QqTOF-MS/MS). The analytical profiles were thoroughly investigated by various methods of multivariate data analysis (MVDA). A principal component analysis (PCA) model elucidates the seasonal variation in the phytochemical composition of B. sempervirens var. arborescens and suffruticosa along with differences between the varieties. Analysis of a volcano plot illustrated the differences between the two organs, the leaf and twig. Eighteen compounds were highlighted by the models as constituents of the plant characteristic for a season, variety or organ. These compounds were dereplicated based on their chromatographic and +ESI-QqTOF-MS and –MS/MS data. In addition, mass spectral fragmentation pathways for already known alkaloids as well as new natural products could be postulated for the first time. In conclusion, the MVDA models give detailed information on the temporal variability in the alkaloid profile of two different varieties and their organs (leaf vs. twig) of B. sempervirens. Thus, the results of this study allow, e.g., the identification of characteristic compounds for the different varieties, plant organs, seasons, and the optimal harvesting time for the isolation of particular Buxus-alkaloids of interest for subsequent studies.
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