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Huang J, Ji R, Qian X, Shen Y. Isoorientin alleviates ovalbumin-stimulated allergic rhinitis in mice by restoring Th1/Th2 balance. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2024; 52:29-35. [PMID: 39278848 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i5.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa mediated by IgE. There is a need for the development of novel medications to treat this ailment. Isoorientin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that possesses antioxidant, anti--inflammatory, and various other advantageous characteristics. However, its potential effects on AR remain unclear. This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of isoorientin on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) in mice and explores the underlying mechanism. Our study revealed that isoorientin administration effectively decreased the frequency of nose rubbing and sneezing in AR mice. The groups treated with isoorientin showed a significant decrease in serum levels of IgE and histamine, with reductions of 40% and 30%, respectively. Isoorientin ameliorated inflammation of the nasal mucosa and restored the Th1/Th2 balance. In addition, isoorientin inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway in nasal tissues. In summary, Isoorientin alleviates OVA-stimulated AR in mice by restoring Th1/Th2 balance and blocking the NF-κB pathway. Thus, isoorientin exhibits promise as a natural therapeutic agent for allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classics, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of E.N.T., Taizhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Taizhou, China;
| | - Xueshen Qian
- Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuli Shen
- Department of E.N.T., Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
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2
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Ziqubu K, Muvhulawa N, Marcheggiani F, Cirilli I, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Potential regulatory role of PGC-1α within the skeletal muscle during metabolic adaptations in response to high-fat diet feeding in animal models. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:283-293. [PMID: 38044359 PMCID: PMC10847180 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) feeding in rodents has become an essential tool to critically analyze and study the pathological effects of obesity, including mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) regulates cellular energy metabolism to influence insulin sensitivity, beyond its active role in stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to facilitate skeletal muscle adaptations in response to HFD feeding. Here, some of the major electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were accessed to update and critically discuss information on the potential role of PGC-1α during metabolic adaptations within the skeletal muscle in response to HFD feeding in rodents. In fact, available evidence suggests that partial exposure to HFD feeding (potentially during the early stages of disease development) is associated with impaired metabolic adaptations within the skeletal muscle, including mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced insulin sensitivity. In terms of implicated molecular mechanisms, these negative effects are partially associated with reduced activity of PGC-1α, together with the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and altered expression of genes involving nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A within the skeletal muscle. Notably, metabolic abnormalities observed with chronic exposure to HFD (likely during the late stages of disease development) may potentially occur independently of PGC-1α regulation within the muscle of rodents. Summarized evidence suggests the causal relationship between PGC-1α regulation and effective modulations of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic flexibility during the different stages of disease development. It further indicates that prominent interventions like caloric restriction and physical exercise may affect PGC-1α regulation during effective modulation of metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa.
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
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Iwata K, Ferdousi F, Arai Y, Isoda H. Modulation of mitochondrial activity by sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) top extract and its bioactive polyphenols: a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis in C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38177614 PMCID: PMC10766937 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defects in cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress defense systems, which can contribute to tissue damage and disease development. Among the key regulators responsible for mitochondrial quality control, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is an important target for mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously reported that bioactive polyphenols extracted from sugarcane top (ST) ethanol extract (STEE) could activate neuronal energy metabolism and increase astrocyte PGC-1α transcript levels. However, their potential impact on the mitochondria activity in muscle and liver cells has not yet been investigated. To address this gap, our current study examined the effects of STEE and its polyphenols on cultured myotubes and hepatocytes in vitro. Rhodamine 123 assay revealed that the treatment with STEE and its polyphenols resulted in an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, a comprehensive examination of gene expression patterns through transcriptome-wide microarray analysis indicated that STEE altered gene expressions related to mitochondrial functions, fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and cAMP signaling in both C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes. Additionally, protein-protein interaction analysis identified the PGC-1α interactive-transcription factors-targeted regulatory network of the genes regulated by STEE, and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that STEE and its polyphenols upregulated the transcript levels of PGC-1α in both C2C12 and HepG2 cells. These findings collectively suggest the potential beneficial effects of STEE on muscle and liver tissues and offer novel insights into the potential nutraceutical applications of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Iwata
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Nippo Co., Ltd., Daito, Osaka, 574-0062, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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4
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Pretorius L, Smith C. Translation of preclinical ethnomedicine data in LMICs: the example of rooibos. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1328828. [PMID: 38174224 PMCID: PMC10763253 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1328828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
All disease, but especially non-communicable diseases, are related to dysfunction of one or more regulatory systems. In developing countries, long-term management of patients with chronic diseases has many challenges and is generally not financially viable, but Africa in particular, which is rich in diverse ethnomedicines presents a more feasible long-term therapeutic approach in this niche. However, despite comprehensive preclinical investigations on numerous plant-derived candidate medicines, only a small portion of these reach the patient as recognised medicines. In this review, we use the example of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R. Dahlgren)-which is globally consumed as aromatic, caffeine-free tea-to illustrate the hurdles that need to be overcome in the low-to middle-income countries, before progression of ethnomedicines to official treatment regimens can be achieved. In terms of methodology, regulatory system focused rooibos papers indexed on PubMed for the past three decades (n = 112) were accessed. Papers reporting duplication of previous results were excluded, as well as review papers. Topics covered includes the high standard of ethnomedicine drug discovery and efficacy testing research performed in Africa (and South Africa in particular in the case of rooibos), the potential bias in terms of preclinical research focus, ethnomedicine ownership and the requirement for independent clinical trial coordination and/or management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carine Smith
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Brasil FB, de Almeida FJS, Luckachaki MD, Dall'Oglio EL, de Oliveira MR. The C-glucosyl flavone isoorientin pretreatment attenuates the methylglyoxal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: role for the AMPK-PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/γ-GCL/GSH axis. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:437-452. [PMID: 35316449 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The reactive dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MG) behaves as a pro-oxidant agent, causing redox dysfunction and cell death by different mechanisms in mammalian cells. MG is also a mitochondrial toxicant, impairing the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and leading to bioenergetics and redox collapses. MG induces glycation and exerts an important role in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Isoorientin (ISO), a C-glucosyl flavone found in Aspalathus linearis, Fagopyrum esculentum, and Passiflora edulis, among others, is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule. ISO is a potent inducer of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the master modulator of the redox environment in mammals. We investigated here whether ISO would prevent the mitochondria-related redox and bioenergetics impairments induced by MG in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The cells were administrated with ISO at 20 μM for 18 h prior to the exposure to MG at 500 μM for further 24 h. It was observed that ISO efficiently prevented the mitochondrial impairments caused by MG. ISO upregulated the activity of the enzyme γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCL), consequently stimulating the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). The inhibition of γ-GCL, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) suppressed the beneficial effects induced by ISO on the MG-challenged cells. Moreover, silencing of Nrf2 blocked the ISO-dependent γ-GCL and GSH upregulation and the effects on the mitochondria of the MG-challenged cells. Then, ISO caused mitochondrial protection by an AMPK-PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/γ-GCL/GSH-dependent manner in MG-administrated SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Bittencourt Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Universitário de Rio das Ostras - Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fhelipe Jolner Souza de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dargesso Luckachaki
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luiz Dall'Oglio
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudos em Neuroquímica e Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil.
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6
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Zhang Z, Wu J, Teng C, Wang J, Yu J, Jin C, Wang L, Wu L, Lin Z, Yu Z, Lin Z. Orientin downregulating oxidative stress-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction through AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in rat nucleus pulposus cells in vitro and attenuated intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo. Apoptosis 2022; 27:1031-1048. [PMID: 36125665 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although considered as a major contributor to low back pain (LBP), intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has poor medical and surgical treatments. Various studies have revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration play a vital role in initiating and developing the progression of IVDD. Moreover, restoration of SIRT1/AMPK was confirmed to prevent IVDD and damage via maintaining ER and extracellular homeostasis. In addition, orientin (Ori) has been shown to upregulate SIRT1. However, the effect of Ori in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) is not determined. Hence, in this study we aim to explore the function of Ori in IVDD pathological model. The results demonstrate that Ori treatment in vitro increased SIRT1/AMPK in NPCs, maintained ECM and ER balance and decreased oxidative stress (OS) response. Ori rescued the disordered homeostasis stimulated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), and its function can be inhibited by thapsigargin (TG). Compound C and EX-527, inhibitors of AMPK and SIRT1 counteracted the Ori-mediated ER stress elimination. These results confirm that Ori exerts its effects by upregulating AMPK and SIRT1. Puncture-stimulated IVDD rats were used to show that Ori attenuates the pathological development in vivo. In all, we partly unveil the underlying mechanisms of Ori in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingtao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cheng Teng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiapei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ziping Yu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongke Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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7
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Sasa borealis Ethanol Extract Protects PC12 Neuronal Cells against Oxidative Stress. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress to biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, leading to neurodegenerative disorders. Sasa borealis (SB) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity effects. We evaluated the neuroprotective activity of SB on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. We investigated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of SB water extract (SBW) and SB ethanol extract (SBE) by measuring the radical scavenging activities and intracellular ROS production. SBE, which had a high level of isoorientin, had higher antioxidative activities than SBW in 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. It also reduced ROS generation in pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells more significantly than SBW. It increased the translation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) with a corresponding increase in the translation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2). In conclusion, SBE with high levels of phenolic compounds such as isoorientin shows promise for preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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8
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Ziqubu K, Nyawo TA, Obonye N, Nyambuya TM, Nkambule BB, Silvestri S, Tiano L, Muller CJF, Dludla PV. Impact of physical exercise and caloric restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes: Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction as ideal therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2022; 297:120467. [PMID: 35271881 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction are some of the major pathological defects implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, it has become necessary to understand how common interventions such as physical exercise and caloric restriction affect metabolic function, including physiological processes that implicate skeletal muscle dysfunction within a state of T2D. This review critically discusses evidence on the impact of physical exercise and caloric restriction on markers of insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction within the skeletal muscle of patients with T2D or related metabolic complications. Importantly, relevant information from clinical studies was acquired through a systematic approach targeting major electronic databases and search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library. The reported evidence suggests that interventions like physical exercise and caloric restriction, within a duration of approximately 2 to 4 months, can improve insulin sensitivity, in part by targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B pathway in patients with T2D. Furthermore, both physical exercise and caloric restriction can effectively modulate markers related to improved mitochondrial function and dynamics. This was consistent with an improved modulation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity and reduced production of reactive oxygen species in patients with T2D or related metabolic complications. However, such conclusions are based on limited evidence, additional clinical trials are required to better understand these interventions on pathological mechanisms of T2D and related abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Thembeka A Nyawo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Nnini Obonye
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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9
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Identification of Novel Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Agonists from Botanical Compounds and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Anti-Osteoporotic Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030702. [PMID: 35163968 PMCID: PMC8838898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2R) possess various pharmacological effects—including anti-epilepsy, analgesia, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and regulation of bone metabolism—without the psychoactive side effects induced by cannabinoid CB1R activation, they have become the focus of research and development of new target drugs in recent years. The present study was intended to (1) establish a double luciferase screening system for a CB2R modulator; (2) validate the agonistic activities of the screened compounds on CB2R by determining cAMP accumulation using HEK293 cells that are stably expressing CB2R; (3) predict the binding affinity between ligands and CB2 receptors and characterize the binding modes using molecular docking; (4) analyze the CB2 receptors–ligand complex stability, conformational behavior, and interaction using molecular dynamics; and (5) evaluate the regulatory effects of the screened compounds on bone metabolism in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The results demonstrated that the screening system had good stability and was able to screen cannabinoid CB2R modulators from botanical compounds. Altogether, nine CB2R agonists were identified by screening from 69 botanical compounds, and these CB2R agonists exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on cAMP accumulation and good affinity to CB2R, as evidenced by the molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Five of the nine CB2R agonists could stimulate osteoblastic bone formation and inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. All these findings may provide useful clues for the development of novel anti-osteoporotic drugs and help elucidate the mechanism underlying the biological activities of CB2R agonists identified from the botanical materials.
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10
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Muller CJF, Joubert E, Chellan N, Miura Y, Yagasaki K. New Insights into the Efficacy of Aspalathin and Other Related Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010356. [PMID: 35008779 PMCID: PMC8745648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of bioactive phytochemicals as a therapeutic strategy to manage metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D), aspalathin, C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), has received much attention, along with its C-glucosyl flavone derivatives and phlorizin, the apple O-glucosyl dihydrochalcone well-known for its antidiabetic properties. We provided context for dietary exposure by highlighting dietary sources, compound stability during processing, bioavailability and microbial biotransformation. The review covered the role of these compounds in attenuating insulin resistance and enhancing glucose metabolism, alleviating gut dysbiosis and associated oxidative stress and inflammation, and hyperuricemia associated with T2D, focusing largely on the literature of the past 5 years. A key focus of this review was on emerging targets in the management of T2D, as highlighted in the recent literature, including enhancing of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 signaling via protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition, increasing glycolysis with suppression of gluconeogenesis by sirtuin modulation, and reducing renal glucose reabsorption via sodium-glucose co-transporter 2. We conclude that biotransformation in the gut is most likely responsible for enhancing therapeutic effects observed for the C-glycosyl parent compounds, including aspalathin, and that these compounds and their derivatives have the potential to regulate multiple factors associated with the development and progression of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo J. F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (C.J.F.M.); (N.C.)
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa;
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; (C.J.F.M.); (N.C.)
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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