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Plianwong S, Sirirak T. Cellulose nanocrystals from marine algae Cladophora glomerata by using microwave-assisted extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129422. [PMID: 38219928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Algae of the order Cladophorales are the source of a unique nanocellulose with high crystallinity and a large aspect ratio, enabling broad surface modification. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are obtained via acid hydrolysis of nanocellulose, which is highly crystalline. However, the production of CNCs from Cladophorales algae is limited and still uses a conventional heating method. Thus, this study aimed to develop a microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method for fast and efficient extraction of CNCs from Cladophora glomerata algae. Additionally, we replaced the use of hypochlorite with H2O2, which is more environmentally friendly, and compared the CNCs obtained from the conventional methods with our new method. The functional structure of CNCs was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Single-step H2O2 bleaching with MAE yielded the smallest-sized CNCs. Our developed method resulted in the production of CNCs with a high crystallinity index, high thermal stability, and high purity of native cellulose. Additionally, none of the CNCs were toxic to primary normal human dermal fibroblasts. The properties of the isolated CNCs may make them useful materials in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarwadee Plianwong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Thailand; Pharmaceutical Innovations of Natural Products Unit (PhInNat), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Thanchanok Sirirak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Thailand; The Research Unit in Synthetic Compounds and Synthetic Analogues from Natural Products for Drug Discovery, Burapha University, 169 Long Had Bangsaen Road, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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2
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Kolagkis PX, Galathri EM, Kokotos CG. Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel-Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:379-426. [PMID: 38410780 PMCID: PMC10896228 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of indoles and their derivatives, more specifically bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs), has been an area of great interest in organic chemistry, since these compounds exhibit a range of interesting biological and pharmacological properties. BIMs are naturally found in cruciferous vegetables and have been shown to be effective antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and even anticancer agents. Traditionally, the synthesis of BIMs has been achieved upon the acidic condensation of an aldehyde with indole, utilizing a variety of protic or Lewis acids. However, due to the increased environmental awareness of our society, the focus has shifted towards the development of greener synthetic technologies, like photocatalysis, organocatalysis, the use of nanocatalysts, microwave irradiation, ball milling, continuous flow, and many more. Thus, in this review, we summarize the medicinal properties of BIMs and the developed BIM synthetic protocols, utilizing the reaction between aldehydes with indoles, while focusing on the more environmentally friendly methods developed over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis X Kolagkis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Eirini M Galathri
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771, Greece
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3
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Li X, Chen XY, Fan BY, Yu Q, Lei J, Xu ZG, Chen ZZ. Metal-Free Catalyzed Oxidation/Decarboxylative [3+2] Cycloaddition Sequences of 3-Formylchromones to Access Pyrroles with Anti-Cancer Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:7602. [PMID: 38005323 PMCID: PMC10673291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and direct approach to pyrroles was successfully developed by employing 3-formylchromones as decarboxylative coupling partners, and facilitated by microwave irradiation. The protocol utilizes easily accessible feedstocks, a catalytic amount of DBU without any metals, resulting in high efficiency and regioselectivity. Notably, all synthesized products were evaluated against five different cancer cell lines and compound 3l selectively inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells with an IC50 value of 10.65 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.L.); (X.-Y.C.); (B.-Y.F.); (Q.Y.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.L.); (X.-Y.C.); (B.-Y.F.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Bing-Ying Fan
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.L.); (X.-Y.C.); (B.-Y.F.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.L.); (X.-Y.C.); (B.-Y.F.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Jie Lei
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.L.); (X.-Y.C.); (B.-Y.F.); (Q.Y.)
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.L.); (X.-Y.C.); (B.-Y.F.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Zhong-Zhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China; (X.L.); (X.-Y.C.); (B.-Y.F.); (Q.Y.)
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4
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Ciulla MG, Marchini A, Gazzola J, Sambrotta M, Gelain F. Low-power microwaves: a cell-compatible physical treatment to enhance the mechanical properties of self-assembling peptides. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15840-15854. [PMID: 37747054 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02738d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials designed for tissue engineering applications should, among other requirements, mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissues to be regenerated, both in terms of biomimetic and mechanical properties. Ideally, the scaffold stiffness and stress resistance should be tuned for each specific implantation therapy. Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are promising synthetic bionanomaterials prone to easy multi-functionalization, bestowing biomimetic properties. However, they usually yield soft and fragile hydrogels unsuited for the regeneration of medium-to-hard tissues. For this purpose, chemical cross-linking of SAPs is an option, but it often requires a moderately toxic and expensive chemical compound and/or the presence of specific residues/reactive sites, posing issues for its feasibility and translational potential. In this work, we introduced, characterized by rheology, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Thioflavin-T assay (ThT), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) tests, and optimized (by tuning the power, temperature and treatment time) a novel fast, green and affordable methodology using mild microwave (MW) irradiation to increase the mechanical properties of diverse classes of SAPs. Low-power MWs increase stiffness, resilience, and β-structuration, while high-power MW treatments partially denature the tested SAPs. Our pure-physical methodology does not alter the SAP biomimetic properties (verified via in vitro tests of viability and differentiation of human neural stem cells), is compatible with already seeded cells, and is also synergic with genipin-based cross-linking of SAPs; therefore, it may become the next standard for SAP preparation in tissue engineering applications at hand of all research labs and in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gessica Ciulla
- Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Amanda Marchini
- Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gazzola
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan - Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Sambrotta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
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Reshetnikov DV, Ivanov ID, Baev DS, Rybalova TV, Mozhaitsev ES, Patrushev SS, Vavilin VA, Tolstikova TG, Shults EE. Design, Synthesis and Assay of Novel Methylxanthine-Alkynylmethylamine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248787. [PMID: 36557921 PMCID: PMC9788520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine derivatives have been a great area of interest for the development of potent bioactive agents. Thirty-eight methylxanthine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE) were designed and synthesized. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 8-chlorocaffeine with aryl(hetaryl)boronic acids, the CuAAC reaction of 8-ethynylcaffeine with several azides, and the copper(I) catalyzed one-pot three-component reaction (A3-coupling) of 8-ethynylcaffeine, 1-(prop-2-ynyl)-, or 7-(prop-2-ynyl)-dimethylxanthines with formaldehyde and secondary amines were the main approaches for the synthesis of substituted methylxanthine derivatives (yield 53-96%). The bioactivity of all new compounds was evaluated by Ellman's method, and the results showed that most of the synthesized compounds displayed good and moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities in vitro. The structure-activity relationships were also discussed. The data revealed that compounds 53, 59, 65, 66, and 69 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against AChE with IC50 of 0.25, 0.552, 0.089, 0.746, and 0.121 μM, respectively. The binding conformation and simultaneous interaction modes were further clarified by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila V. Reshetnikov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor D. Ivanov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakov Str., 2/12, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Baev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Rybalova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii S. Mozhaitsev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Patrushev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin A. Vavilin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakov Str., 2/12, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana G. Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-3308533
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Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169288. [PMID: 36012552 PMCID: PMC9409438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern humanity wades daily through various radiations, resulting in frequent exposure and causing potentially important biological effects. Among them, the brain is the organ most sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure. Despite numerous correlated studies, critical unknowns surround the different parameters used, including operational frequency, power density (i.e., energy dose), and irradiation time that could permit reproducibility and comparability between analyses. Furthermore, the interactions of EMR with biological systems and its precise mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this review, recent approaches examining the effects of microwave radiations on the brain, specifically learning and memory capabilities, as well as the mechanisms of brain dysfunction with exposure as reported in the literature, are analyzed and interpreted to provide prospective views for future research directed at this important and novel medical technology for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies on brain degeneration caused by microwave radiation. Additionally, the interactions of microwaves with biological systems and possible mechanisms are presented in this review. Treatment with natural products and safe techniques to reduce harm to organs have become essential components of daily life, and some promising techniques to treat cancers and their radioprotective effects are summarized as well. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to understand the mechanism and interactions of microwave radiation with biological systems, the present scenario, and prospects for future studies on the effect of microwaves on the brain.
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Torres-Moya I, Harbuzaru A, Donoso B, Prieto P, Ponce Ortiz R, Díaz-Ortiz Á. Microwave Irradiation as a Powerful Tool for the Preparation of n-Type Benzotriazole Semiconductors with Applications in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144340. [PMID: 35889212 PMCID: PMC9323175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, as an equivocal proof of the potential of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis, a complex pyrazine-decorated benzotriazole derivative that is challenging to prepare under conventional conditions has been obtained upon microwave irradiation, thus efficiently improving the process and yields, dramatically decreasing the reaction times and resulting in an environmentally friendly synthetic procedure. In addition, this useful derivative could be applied in organic electronics, specifically in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), exhibiting the highest electron mobilities reported to date for benzotriazole discrete molecules, of around 10−2 cm2V−1s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.D.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.T.-M.); (R.P.O.); (Á.D.-O.)
| | - Alexandra Harbuzaru
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus of Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Donoso
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus of Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
- Correspondence: (I.T.-M.); (R.P.O.); (Á.D.-O.)
| | - Ángel Díaz-Ortiz
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.D.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.T.-M.); (R.P.O.); (Á.D.-O.)
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Moreira NM, dos Santos JRN, Correa A. Greener Synthesis of Pyrroloquinazoline Derivatives: Recent Advances. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Menezes Moreira
- Federal University of Sao Carlos: Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Chemistry Rodovia Washington Luis km 235 13565-905 São Carlos BRAZIL
| | - Jhonathan Renner Nunes dos Santos
- Federal University of Sao Carlos Sciences and Technology Centre: Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Centro de Ciencias Exatas e de Tecnologia Chemistry Rodovia Washington Luis km 235 13565-905 São Carlos BRAZIL
| | - Arlene Correa
- Federal University of São Carlos Chemistry Via Washington Luis km 235 13565-905 São Carlos BRAZIL
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A Valuable Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Benzylchromones: A Comparative Evaluation of Both Conventional and Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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