The Application of Chitosan Nanostructures in Stomatology

Glycan-based scaffolds and nanoparticles as drug delivery system in cancer therapy

Glycan-based scaffolds are unique in their high specificity, versatility, low immunogenicity, and ability to mimic natural carbohydrates, making them attractive candidates for use in cancer treatment. These scaffolds are made up of glycans, which are biopolymers with well biocompatibility in the human body that can be used for drug delivery. The versatility of glycan-based scaffolds allows for the modulation of drug activity and targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues, which increases the potency of drugs and reduces side effects. Despite their promise, there are still technical challenges in the design and production of glycan-based scaffolds, as well as limitations in their therapeutic efficacy and specificity.

Application of metal–organic frameworks in stomatology

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of porous organic–organic hybrid materials controlled by self-assembly of metal atoms and organic pillars, are attracting considerable interest because of their specific properties. More recently, the advantages of different types of nanoscale metal–organic frameworks for the use of MOF nanoparticles in stomatology have been reported in the literature. This article covers the treatment of oral cancer, surface modification of implants, antibacterial dressings, and treatment of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. It presents recent applications, future challenges, and prospects for MOFs in stomatology in four areas. It provides an overview of recent advances in the design and application of MOFs in stomatology from their intrinsic properties to different syntheses and their use as smart drug delivery systems or a combination of these.

Exploring carbohydrate extraction from biomass using deep eutectic solvents: Factors and mechanisms

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are increasingly being recognized as sustainable and promising solvents because of their unique properties: low melting point, low cost, and biocompatibility. Some DESs possess high viscosity, remarkable stability, and minimal toxicity, enhancing their appeal for diverse applications. Notably, they hold promise in biomass pretreatment, a crucial step in biomass conversion, although their potential in algal biomass carbohydrates extraction remains largely unexplored. Understanding the correlation between DESs' properties and their behavior in carbohydrate extraction, alongside cellulose degradation mechanisms, remains a gap. This review provides an overview of the use of DESs in extracting carbohydrates from lignocellulosic and algal biomass, explores the factors that influence the behavior of DESs in carbohydrate extraction, and sheds light on the mechanism of cellulose degradation by DESs. Additionally, the review discusses potential future developments and applications of DESs, particularly extracting carbohydrates from algal biomass.

MODERN TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADHESIVE DENTISTRY. INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR THE APPLICATION OF ADHESIVE SYSTEMS

OBJECTIVE

The aim: To study the latest approaches to optimizing the composition and application protocols of modern adhesive systems, which are used during the restoration of defects in hard dental tissues with restorative materials.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: Thirty articles published between January 1, 2020 and February 1, 2023 in the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were selected. The selected scientific works contained the results of laboratory studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses of the physical and mechanical characteristics of adhesive systems with a modified composition or application protocols different from the instructions of the manufacturing companies.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The most promising directions for improving adhesive systems are modifications of the composition and protocols of their use with the aim of deactivating matrix metalloproteinases, improving the structure of the hybrid layer due to the creation of a three-dimensional mesh of collagen fibres with optimal properties, the introduction of antimicrobial agents to slow down the growth of bacterial colonies along the line of the adhesive joint. The available research results of modified adhesive systems are often contradictory, which determines the need to develop standardized test methods to obtain more reliable indicators of their physical, mechanical and biological properties. In some cases, the consequences of non-compliance with the recommendations of the manufacturing companies are a significant deterioration of the characteristics of the hybrid layer, adhesive strength, marginal fit, which, in turn, explains the need for further search for an optimized composition and techniques for applying bonding agents to improve the prognosis of restorative treatment.