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Cain CN, Synovec RE. Enhancing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry resolution and pure analyte discovery using intra-chromatogram elution profile matching. Talanta 2024; 278:126453. [PMID: 38908137 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemometric decomposition methods like multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) are often employed in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to improve analyte identification and quantitation. However, these methods can perform poorly for analytes with a low chromatographic resolution (Rs) and a high degree of spectral contamination from noise and background interferences. Thus, we propose a novel computational algorithm, termed mzCompare, to improve analyte identification and quantitation when coupled to MCR-ALS. The mzCompare method utilizes an underlying requirement that the retention time and peak shape between mass channels (m/z) of the same analyte should be similar. By discovering the selective m/z for a given analyte in a chromatogram, a pure elution profile can be generated and used as an equality constraint in MCR-ALS. The performance of the mzCompare methodology is demonstrated with both experimental and simulated chromatograms. Experimentally, unresolved analytes with a Rs as low as 0.05 could be confidently identified with mzCompare assisted MCR-ALS. Furthermore, application of the mzCompare algorithm to a complex aerospace fuel resulted in the discovery of 335 analytes, a 44 % increase compared to conventional peak detection methods. GC-MS simulations of target-interferent analyte pairs demonstrated that the performance of MCR-ALS deteriorated below a Rs of ∼0.25. However, mzCompare assisted MCR-ALS showed excellent identification and acceptable quantitative accuracy at a Rs of ∼0.02. These results show that the mzCompare algorithm can help analysts overcome modeling ambiguities resulting from the chemometric multiplex disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin N Cain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Robert E Synovec
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Alcaraz MR, Espinosa-Mansilla A, Durán-Merás I, Muñoz de la Peña A. An optimized methodology for the determination of multiclass organic ultraviolet sunscreens and metabolites in human milk through chromatographic and chemometric resolution. Talanta 2024; 270:125560. [PMID: 38128275 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV filters (UVFS) are used to mitigate the dermal effects associated with health risks from UV radiation, making them essential in personal care products. UVFS are frequently identified in environmental samples due to their high lipophilicity and persistence, underscoring the urgency of comprehensive assessments and regulatory measures aimed at safeguarding ecosystems and human health. The present study reports a multiclass analytical method for determining 16 UV sunscreens and metabolites in breast milk based on an ultrasound-assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (UA-DLLME) with further chromatographic and chemometric resolution. The experimental conditions of the UA-DLLME were optimized through the implementation of the Design of Experiment tools. To model the responses, least-squares and artificial neural network methodologies were implemented. The optimal conditions were found by employing the desirability function. The samples were analyzed through reverse-phase liquid chromatographic separation, UV diode array, and fast-scanning fluorescence detection. The chromatographic analysis enabled the resolution of 16 analytes in a total time of 13.0 min. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-square (MCR-ALS) modelling was implemented to resolve analytes that were not fully resolved and to determine analytes that coeluted with endogenous components of the breast milk samples. An enrichment factor of 5-fold concentration was obtained with this methodology, reaching recoveries between 65 % and 105 % for 13 multiclass UV sunscreens and metabolites in breast milk samples with RSD % and REP % lower than 12 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta R Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, S3000ZAA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CABA, C1425FQB, Argentina; Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain.
| | | | - Isabel Durán-Merás
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
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Carabajal MD, Bortolato SA, Lisandrini FT, Olivieri AC. An exhaustive analysis of the use of image moments for second-order calibration. A comparison with multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342177. [PMID: 38220307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the chemometric processing of second-order chromatographic-spectral data is usually carried out with the aid of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS). Recently, an alternative procedure was described based on the estimation of image moments for each data matrix and subsequent application of multiple linear regression after suitable variable selection. RESULTS The analysis of both simulated and experimental data leads to the conclusion that the image moment method, although can cope with chromatographic lack of reproducibility across injections, it only performs well in the absence of uncalibrated interferents. MCR-ALS, on the other hand, provides good analytical results in all studied situations, whether the test samples contain uncalibrated interferents or not. SIGNIFICANCE The results are useful to assess the real usefulness of newly proposed methodologies for second-order calibration in the case of chromatographic-spectral data sets, especially when samples contain unexpected chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira D Carabajal
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina; Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), 27 de Febrero 210 Bis, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Santiago A Bortolato
- Departamento de Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina; Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), 27 de Febrero 210 Bis, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Franco T Lisandrini
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Nussallee 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alejandro C Olivieri
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina; Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), 27 de Febrero 210 Bis, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Carabajal MD, Vidal RP, Arancibia JA, Olivieri AC. A new constraint to model background signals when processing chromatographic-spectral second-order data with multivariate curve resolution. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1266:341354. [PMID: 37244664 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the chemometric processing of second-order chromatographic-spectral data is usually carried out with the aid of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS). When baseline contributions occur in the data, the background profile retrieved with MCR-ALS may show abnormal lumps or negative dips at the position of the remaining component peaks. RESULTS The phenomenon is shown to be due to remaining rotational ambiguity in the obtained profiles, as confirmed by the estimation of the boundaries of the range of feasible bilinear profiles. To avoid the abnormal features in the retrieved profile, a new background interpolation constraint is proposed and described in detail. Both simulated and experimental data are employed to support the need of the new MCR-ALS constraint. In the latter case, the estimated analyte concentrations agreed with those previously reported. SIGNIFICANCE The developed procedure helps to reduce the extent of rotational ambiguity in the solution and to better interpret the results on physicochemical grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira D Carabajal
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rocío Pellegrino Vidal
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Métodos Analíticos (LIDMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 49 y 115 (B1900AJL), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan A Arancibia
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alejandro C Olivieri
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Development and Optimization of a New UPLC-UV/MS Method through DoE and MLR for Detecting Substandard Drug Products to Treat Tuberculosis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207141. [PMID: 36296733 PMCID: PMC9610718 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug products used for treating tuberculosis are one of the most widely reported medicines to be classified as falsified or substandard in low- and middle-income countries, representing a major hazard to health. The aim of this study was, firstly, to develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method which is able to analyze fixed combination tablets with up to four active pharmaceutical ingredients, including isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Secondly, we aimed to optimize it through the design of experiments and multi-linear regression based on a central composite design and to validate it according to the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization. The application of this tools enabled the identification of the influential factors (flow rate, formic acid, and temperature) and their effects on the studied responses (retention factor and percentage for each drug) as part of the quality by design approach. The method proved to be to be linear in the range from 5.0 to 15 µg/mL for isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin, being precise (<1%) and accurate (97−101%). In addition, the method validated for ethambutol proved to be linear from 1.4 to 4.2 µg/mL, as well as precise (0.54%) and accurate (97.3%). The method was stability indicated for all the active pharmaceutical ingredients studied and was able to detect two substandard formulations sampled on the African market.
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