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Hutasingh N, Tubtimrattana A, Pongpamorn P, Pewlong P, Paemanee A, Tansrisawad N, Siripatrawan U, Sirikantaramas S. Unraveling the effects of drying techniques on chaya leaves: Metabolomics analysis of nonvolatile and volatile metabolites, umami taste, and antioxidant capacity. Food Chem 2024; 446:138769. [PMID: 38422636 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa) leaves are known for their strong umami taste and widespread use as a dried seasoning. This study aimed to assess the impact of different drying methods [freeze drying (FD), vacuum drying, oven drying at 50 °C and 120 °C (OD120) and pan roasting (PR)] on the metabolome using mass spectrometry, umami intensity, and antioxidant properties of chaya leaves. The predominant volatile compound among all samples, 3-methylbutanal, exhibited the highest relative odor activity value (rOAV), imparting a malt-like odor, while hexanal (green grass-like odor) and 2-methylbutanal (coffee-like odor) are the second highest rOAV in the FD and PR samples, respectively. OD120 and PR samples possessed the highest levels of umami-tasting amino acids and 5'-ribonucleotides as well as the most intense umami taste, whereas FD samples exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. These findings enhance our understanding of the aroma characteristics, umami taste, and antioxidant potential of processed chaya leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuti Hutasingh
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apinya Tubtimrattana
- Department of Forensic Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Putthamas Pewlong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nat Tansrisawad
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ubonrat Siripatrawan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Supaart Sirikantaramas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Metabolomics for Life Sciences Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Pang B, Zuo D, Yang T, Yu J, Zhou L, Hou Y, Yu J, Ye L, Gu L, Wang H, Du X, Liu Y, Zhu B. BcaSOD1 enhances cadmium tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis by regulating the expression of genes related to heavy metal detoxification and arginine synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108299. [PMID: 38150840 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), which is a nonessential heavy metal element for organisms, can have a severe impact on the growth and development of organisms that absorb excessive Cd. Studies have shown that Brassica carinata, a semiwild oil crop, has strong tolerance to various abiotic stresses, and RNA-seq has revealed that the B. carinata superoxide dismutase gene (BcaSOD1) likely responds to Cd stress. To elucidate the BcaSOD1 function involved in tolerance of Cd stress, we cloned the coding sequences of BcaSOD1 from a purple B. carinata accession and successfully transferred it into Arabidopsis thaliana. The subcellular localization results demonstrated that BcaSOD1 was primarily located in the plasma membrane, mitochondria and nucleus. Overexpression of BcaSOD1 in transgenic Arabidopsis (OE) effectively decreased the toxicity caused by Cd stress. Compared to the WT (wild type lines), the OE lines exhibited significantly increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (APX, CAT, POD, and SOD) after exposure to 2.5 mM CdCl2. The Cd content of underground (root) in the OE line was dominantly higher than that in the WT; however, the Cd content of aboveground (shoot) was comparable between the OE and WT types. Moreover, the qRT‒PCR results showed that several heavy metal detoxification-related genes (AtIREG2, AtMTP3, AtHMA3, and AtNAS4) were significantly upregulated in the roots of OE lines under Cd treatment, suggesting that these genes are likely involved in Cd absorption in the roots of OE lines. In addition, both comparable transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that exogenous BcaSOD1 noticeably facilitates detoxification by stimulating the expression of two arginine (Arg) biosynthesis genes (AtGDH1 and AtGDH2) while inhibiting the expression of AtARGAH1, a negative regulator in biosynthesis of Arg. The Arg content was subsequently confirmed to be significantly enhanced in OE lines under Cd treatment, indicating that BcaSOD1 likely strengthened Cd tolerance by regulating the expression of Arg-related genes. This study demonstrates that BcaSOD1 can enhance Cd tolerance and reveals the molecular mechanism of this gene, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of Cd tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghai Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxing Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhou Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lvlan Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuye Du
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Yap WH, Goh BH. Editorial: Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research on Application in Food and Health. Molecules 2023; 28:5089. [PMID: 37446751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofunctional molecules with pharmacological activities are reported in various fields of application, including in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, agriculture, and food industries [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wang Z, Lao J, Kang X, Xie Z, He W, Liu X, Zhong C, Zhang S, Jin J. Insights into the metabolic profiling of Polygonati Rhizoma fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using a UHPLC-QE-MS/MS system. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1093761. [PMID: 36776612 PMCID: PMC9908587 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1093761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polygonati Rhizoma is a multi-purpose food with medicinal uses. Fermentation of Polygonati Rhizoma by lactic acid bacteria could provide new insights into the development of Polygonati Rhizoma products. Methods In this study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was fermented with Polygonati Rhizoma extracts in a bioreactor under aerobic and anaerobic conditions with pH and DO real-time detection. Metabolic profiling was determined by UHPLC-QE-MS/MS system. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis were used to perform multivariate analysis. Results A total of 98 differential metabolites were identified in broth after fermentation, and 36 were identified between fermentation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The main metabolic pathways in the fermentation process are ABC transport and amino acid biosynthesis. Most of the compounds such as L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, leucine, L-lysine, citrate, inosine, carnitine, betaine, and thiamine were significantly increased during fermentation, playing a role in enhancing food flavor. Compared with anaerobic fermentation, aerobic conditions led to a significant rise in the levels of some compounds such as valine, isoleucine, and glutamate; this increase was mainly related to branched-chain amino acid transaminase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. Discussion Aerobic fermentation is more beneficial for the fermentation of Polygonati Rhizoma by L. plantarum to produce flavor and functional substances. This study is the first report on the fermentation of Polygonati Rhizoma by L. plantarum and provides insights that would be applicable in the development of Polygonati Rhizoma fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZiLing Wang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Lao
- Resgreen Group International Inc., Changsha, China
| | - XingYi Kang
- College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - ZhenNi Xie
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei He
- Resgreen Group International Inc., Changsha, China
| | - XiaoLiu Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - ShuiHan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Jian Jin,
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