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Park J, Cho YS, Seo DW, Choi JY. An update on the sample preparation and analytical methods for synthetic food colorants in food products. Food Chem 2024; 459:140333. [PMID: 38996638 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Colorants, especially synthetic colorants, play a crucial role in enhancing the aesthetic qualities of food owing to their cost-effectiveness and stability against environmental factors. Ensuring the safe and regulated use of colorants is essential for maintaining consumer trust in food safety. Various preparation and analytical technologies, which are continuously undergoing improvement, are currently used to quantify of synthetic colorants in food products. This paper reviews recent developments in analytical techniques for synthetic food colorants, detection and compares the operational principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each technology. Additionally, it also explores advancements in these technologies, discussing several invaluable tools of analysis, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, electrochemical sensors, digital image analysis, near-infrared spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This comprehensive overview aims to provide valuable insights into current progress and research in the field of food colorant analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Park
- Food Analysis Research Center, Food Industry Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sun Cho
- Food Analysis Research Center, Food Industry Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Won Seo
- Food Analysis Research Center, Food Industry Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- Food Analysis Research Center, Food Industry Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Bedair A, Hamed M, Mansour FR. Reshaping Capillary Electrophoresis With State-of-the-Art Sample Preparation Materials: Exploring New Horizons. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 39345230 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful analysis technique with advantages such as high separation efficiency with resolution factors above 1.5, low sample consumption of less than 10 µL, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness such as reduced solvent use and lower operational costs. However, CE also faces limitations, including limited detection sensitivity for low-concentration samples and interference from complex biological matrices. Prior to performing CE, it is common to utilize sample preparation procedures such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in order to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis. Recently, there have been advancements in the development of novel materials that have the potential to greatly enhance the performance of SPME and LPME. This review examines various materials and their uses in microextraction when combined with CE. These materials include carbon nanotubes, covalent organic frameworks, metal-organic frameworks, graphene and its derivatives, molecularly imprinted polymers, layered double hydroxides, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. The utilization of these innovative materials in extraction methods is being examined. Analyte recoveries and detection limits attained for a range of sample matrices are used to assess their effects on extraction selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency. Exploring new materials for use in sample preparation techniques is important as it enables researchers to address current limitations of CE. The development of novel materials has the potential to greatly enhance extraction selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency, thereby improving CE performance for complex biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Bedair
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Yu L, Xia A, Hao Y, Li W, He X, Xing C, Shang Z, Zhang Y. COF-SiO 2@Fe 3O 4 Composite for Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Pyrethroid Pesticides in Vegetables. Molecules 2024; 29:2311. [PMID: 38792172 PMCID: PMC11123868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs) have found widespread application in agriculture for the protection of fruit and vegetable crops. Nonetheless, excessive usage or improper application may allow the residues to exceed the safe limits and pose a threat to consumer safety. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop efficient technologies for the elimination or trace detection of PYRs from vegetables. Here, a simple and efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) strategy was developed for the simultaneous purification and enrichment of five PYRs in vegetables, employing the magnetic covalent organic framework nanomaterial COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 as an adsorbent. COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 was prepared by a straightforward solvothermal method, using Fe3O4 as a magnetic core and benzidine and 3,3,5,5-tetraaldehyde biphenyl as the two building units. COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 could effectively capture the targeted PYRs by virtue of its abundant π-electron system and hydroxyl groups. The impact of various experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency was investigated to optimize the MSPE conditions, including the adsorbent amount, extraction time, elution solvent type and elution time. Subsequently, method validation was conducted under the optimal conditions in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Within the range of 5.00-100 μg·kg-1 (1.00-100 μg·kg-1 for bifenthrin and 2.5-100 μg·kg-1 for fenpropathrin), the five PYRs exhibited a strong linear relationship, with determination coefficients ranging from 0.9990 to 0.9997. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.3-1.5 μg·kg-1, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.9-4.5 μg·kg-1. The recoveries were 80.2-116.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 7.0%. Finally, COF-SiO2@Fe3O4, NH2-SiO2@Fe3O4 and Fe3O4 were compared as MSPE adsorbents for PYRs. The results indicated that COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 was an efficient and rapid selective adsorbent for PYRs. This method holds promise for the determination of PYRs in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
- Functional Polymer Materials R&D and Engineering Application Technology Innovation Center of Hebei, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Aiqing Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongchao Hao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weitao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xu He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Cuijuan Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zan Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
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Stozhko NY, Khamzina EI, Bukharinova MA, Tarasov AV, Kolotygina VY, Lakiza NV, Kuznetcova ED. Carbon Paper Modified with Functionalized Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Graphene and Gold Phytonanoparticles as a Promising Sensing Material: Characterization and Electroanalysis of Ponceau 4R in Food Samples. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4197. [PMID: 36500822 PMCID: PMC9741185 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel eco-friendly sensing material based on carbon paper (CP) volumetrically modified with a composite nanomodifier that includes functionalized poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) graphene (PDDA-G) and phytosynthesized gold nanoparticles (phyto-AuNPs). The functionalization of graphene was justified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The phyto-AuNPs (d = 6 nm) were prepared by "green" synthesis with the use of strawberry leaf extract. The sensing material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and voltammetry. The research results indicated a more than double increase in the electroactive surface area; a decrease in the resistance of electron transfer on nanocomposite-modified CP, compared to bare CP. The phyto-AuNPs/PDDA-G/CP was used for the electrosensing of the synthetic dye Ponceau 4R. The oxidation signal of colorant enhanced 4-fold on phyto-AuNPs/PDDA-G/CP in comparison to CP. The effect of the quantity of nanomodifier, solution pH, potential scan rate, accumulation parameters, and differential pulse parameters on the peak current of Ponceau 4R was studied. Under optimal conditions, excellent sensory characteristics were established: LOD 0.6 nM and LR 0.001-2 μM for Ponceau 4R. High selectivity and sensitivity enable the use of the sensor for analyzing the content of Ponceau 4R in food products (soft drinks, candies, and popsicles) without additional sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Yu. Stozhko
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Ural State University of Economics, 8 Marta St. 62, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Khamzina
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Ural State University of Economics, 8 Marta St. 62, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Scientific and Innovation Center of Sensor Technologies, Ural State University of Economics, 8 Marta St. 62, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria A. Bukharinova
- Scientific and Innovation Center of Sensor Technologies, Ural State University of Economics, 8 Marta St. 62, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Aleksey V. Tarasov
- Scientific and Innovation Center of Sensor Technologies, Ural State University of Economics, 8 Marta St. 62, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Veronika Yu. Kolotygina
- Scientific and Innovation Center of Sensor Technologies, Ural State University of Economics, 8 Marta St. 62, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Lakiza
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina D. Kuznetcova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Feng J, Jiang L, Cao Y, Deng C, Li Y. Tractable Method for Rapid Quality Assessment of Therapeutic Antibodies in Harvested Cell Culture Fluid based on FcγRIIIa-Immobilized Magnetic Microspheres. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11492-11499. [PMID: 35938925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
FcγRIIIa-binding affinity is one of the key factors to ensure the efficacy of many antitumor therapeutic antibodies, which should be monitored along with the titer, protein aggregation, and other critical quality attributes. The conventional workflow for the quality assessment of therapeutic antibodies in harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) is time-consuming and costly nevertheless. In this study, a tractable method was established for rapid quality assessment of a HCCF sample through differentially extracting IgG with different FcγRIIIa affinity levels using FcγRIIIa-immobilized magnetic microspheres, followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to determine the amount and monomer percentage of IgGs in the preceding eluate. FcγRIIIa-immobilized magnetic microspheres with polydopamine (PDA) and hydrophilic dendrimer (PAMAM) coating (denoted as Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM-FcγRIIIa) were synthesized for the first time as magnetic adsorbents. The PDA cladding endowed the composites with good chemical stability in acidic elution buffer, and the PAMAM dendrimer empowered the composites of high ligand immobilization capacity and hydrophilic surface. The labile FcγRIIIa was immobilized under mild conditions. By directly applying a simple magnetic solid phase extraction procedure to treat HCCF, favored IgG species with high FcγRIIIa affinity would be selectively captured by Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM-FcγRIIIa composites for subsequent SEC analysis. The monomer peak area value in SEC, which was set as the read-out of the proposed method, correlated directly with the theoretical overall quality of standard-spiked HCCF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Feng
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiqing Cao
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Li
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.,Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
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Zheng P, Sun S, Wang J, Cheng ZJ, Lei KC, Xue M, Zhang T, Huang H, Zhang XD, Sun B. Integrative omics analysis identifies biomarkers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:66. [PMID: 35015148 PMCID: PMC11075137 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by chronic progressive pulmonary fibrosis and a poor prognosis. Genetic studies, including transcriptomic and proteomics, have provided new insight into revealing mechanisms of IPF. Herein we provided a novel strategy to identify biomarkers by integrative analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of IPF patients. We examined the landscape of IPF patients' gene expression in the transcription and translation phases and investigated the expression and functions of two new potential biomarkers. Differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were mainly enriched in pathways associated with immune system activities and inflammatory responses, while DE proteins are related to extracellular matrix production and wound repair. The upregulated genes in both phases are associated with wound repair and cell differentiation, while the downregulated genes in both phases are associated with reduced immune activities and the damage of the alveolar tissues. On this basis, we identified thirteen potential marker genes. Among them, we validated the expression changes of butyrophilin-like 9 (BTNL9) and plasmolipin (PLLP) and investigated their functional pathways in the IPF mechanism. Both genes are downregulated in the tissues of IPF patients and Bleomycin-induced mice, and co-expression analysis indicates that they have a protective effect by inhibiting extracellular matrix production and promoting wound repair in alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shixue Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for Cell Engineering and Biomedicine Technique, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research (Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences), Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Zhangkai Jason Cheng
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kuan Cheok Lei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | | | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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