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Das A, Khambhati DP, Longoria ND, Tabibi A, Davachi SM, Dimas K, Laurencin Y, Carmona L, Avalos PZ, Karimi Abdolmaleki M. Modified Diatomaceous Earth in Heparin Recovery from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa. Molecules 2023; 28:7982. [PMID: 38138471 PMCID: PMC10745834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that plays a vital role in various physiological processes. The remarkable structural complexity of heparin, consisting of repeating disaccharide units, makes it a crucial molecule for the development of commercial drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the development of cost-effective adsorbents specifically designed for the adsorption of heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa. This advancement has been driven by the need for efficient and scalable methods to extract heparin from natural sources. In this study, we investigated the use of cationic ammonium-functionalized diatomaceous earth, featuring enhanced porosity, larger surface area, and higher thermal stability, to maximize the isolated heparin recovery. Our results showed that the higher cationic density and less bulky quaternary modified diatomaceous earth (QDADE) could adsorb up to 16.3 mg·g-1 (31%) of heparin from the real mucosa samples. Additionally, we explored the conditions of the adsorbent surface for recovery of the heparin molecule and optimized various factors, such as temperature and pH, to optimize the heparin uptake. This is the introductory account of the implementation of modified diatomaceous earth with quaternary amines for heparin capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Devang P. Khambhati
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Niko D. Longoria
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
| | - Alireza Tabibi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Seyed Mohammad Davachi
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Kayli Dimas
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Yulianna Laurencin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Lesly Carmona
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Pablo Zarate Avalos
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Mahmood Karimi Abdolmaleki
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
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Chianese A, Zannella C, Palma F, Di Clemente L, Monti A, Doti N, De Filippis A, Galdiero M. Melittin-Related Peptides Interfere with Sandfly Fever Naples Virus Infection by Interacting with Heparan Sulphate. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2446. [PMID: 37894104 PMCID: PMC10609114 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses pose an important global public health challenge, and early action is needed to control their spread. The Bunyaviridae family contains a great number of arboviruses which are potentially pathogenic for humans. For example, phleboviruses affect a large range of hosts, including humans and animals. Some infections usually have an asymptomatic course, but others lead to severe complications, such as Toscana virus, which is able to cause meningitis and encephalitis. Unfortunately, to date, no vaccines or antiviral treatments have been found. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of melittin-related peptides, namely the frog-derived RV-23 and AR-23, on sandfly fever Naples virus infection in vitro. Both peptides exhibited a strong antiviral activity by targeting the viral particles and blocking the virus-cell interaction. Their action was directed to an early phase of SFNV infection, in particular at viral adsorption on host cells, by interfering with the binding of common glycosaminoglycan receptors. Given the better antimicrobial behavior of AR-23 and RV-23 compared to melittin in terms of selectivity, our studies expand our understanding of the potential of these peptides as antimicrobials and stimulate further investigations in the direction of novel antiviral strategies against phlebovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Palma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Di Clemente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Section of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Karimi Abdolmaleki M, Das A, Khambhati DP, Shafiee A, Dimas K, Velazquez CA, Davachi SM, Choubtarash Abardeh S. Efficient and Economic Heparin Recovery from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa Using Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Silica Gel. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:606. [PMID: 36354517 PMCID: PMC9687748 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparin, usually isolated from porcine intestinal mucosa, is an active pharmaceutical ingredient of great material value. Traditionally, diverse types of commercial resins were employed as an adsorbent for heparin retrieval from biological samples. However, more recent years have encouraged the advent of new cost-effective adsorbents to achieve enhanced heparin retrieval. Inexpensive cationic ammonium-functionalized silica gels, monodispersed with larger surface area, porosity, and higher thermal stability, were chosen to evaluate the heparin recovery yield from porcine intestinal mucosa. We demonstrated that higher positively charged and less bulky quaternary modified silica gel (e.g., QDASi) could adsorb ~28% (14.7 mg g-1) heparin from the real samples. In addition, we also determined suitable surface conditions for the heparin molecule adsorption by mechanistic studies and optimized different variables, such as pH, temperature, etc., to improve the heparin adsorption. This is going to be the first reported study on the usage of quaternary amine-functionalized silica gel for HEP uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anushree Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Devang P. Khambhati
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA or
| | - Ali Shafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Kayli Dimas
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA or
| | - Carlo Alberto Velazquez
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA or
| | - Seyed Mohammad Davachi
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA or
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Heparin: An old drug for new clinical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Efficient Heparin Recovery from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa Using Zeolite Imidazolate Framework-8. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051670. [PMID: 35268771 PMCID: PMC8911909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is one of the most valuable active pharmaceutical ingredients, and it is generally isolated from porcine intestinal mucosa. Traditionally, different types of commercial resins are employed as an adsorbent for heparin uptake; however, using new, less expensive adsorbents has attracted more interest in the past few years to enhance the heparin recovery. Zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), as a metal–organic framework (MOF) with a high surface area, porosity, and good stability at high temperatures, was selected to examine the heparin recovery. In this research, we demonstrate that ZIF-8 can recover up to ~70% (37 mg g−1) of heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa. A mechanistic study through kinetic and thermodynamic models on the adsorption revealed appropriate surface conditions for the adsorption of heparin molecules. The effect of different variables such as pH and temperature on heparin adsorption was also studied to optimize the recovery. This study is the first to investigate the usage of MOFs for heparin uptake.
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