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Lin YY, Lin YK, Lin YH, Chiang CF. Novel compounds of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum Koidz) increases collagen, antioxidants, inhibits adipogenesis. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2763-2772. [PMID: 37452702 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2235064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz), is rich in nutrients and contains various bioactive components such as polyphenols and alkaloids. The new compound has a broad application prospect, including food additives, health products, drugs, etc. The purpose of this study was to find out new compounds from Djulis. It was found that 24 compounds including 7 phenols, 11 flavonoids, 4 plant alkaloids, 2 sterols. Among those, TCI-CF-22-S (Methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate), TCI-CF-23-S (Methyl 6-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate), TCI-CF-24-S (Kaempferol-3-O-b-D-apifuranosyl-(1→2)-a-L-arabinopyranoside) were isolated from djulis sources for the first time, and the structures of compounds were assigned by 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy. TCI-CF-01(Caffeic acid), TCI-CF-02 (20-Hydroxyecdysone), TCI-CF-03 (Japonicone), TCI-CF-04 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetiate), TCI-CF-05 (Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-rhamnopyranoside), TCI-CF-06 (Guanosine), TCI-CF-07(Adenine), TCI-CF-08 (Coumaric acid) increased collagen production, and TCI-CF-03 (Japonicone), TCI-CF-04 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetiate), TCI-CF-06 (Guanosine), TCI-CF-17 (Rutin), TCI-CF-20 (Protocatechuic acid) decreased advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In addition, TCI-CF-22-S (Methyl 6-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate), TCI-CF-23-S (Methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate) inhibited the formation of fatty oil droplets. Djulis has 24 compounds that may have various applications, including increasing collagen production and reducing advanced glycation end products and fatty oil droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-You Lin
- Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kai Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang YC, Tung CL, Ho ST, Li WS, Li S, Tung YT, Wu JH. Nutraceutical Potential of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum) Hull: Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity, and Liver Protection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:721. [PMID: 38929160 PMCID: PMC11201270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum), a traditional Taiwanese crop enriched with phenolic compounds and betalain pigments, is associated with various health benefits, including antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. This study analysed the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of extracts from both the hull and kernel of Djulis. The hull extract, which contained higher levels of flavonoids and exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the kernel extract, was selected for further in vivo studies. These experiments showed that oral administration of the Djulis hull crude extract significantly mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice by increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reducing plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and enhancing liver levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4). Additionally, the extract demonstrated potential in inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, a critical signalling pathway in inflammation and apoptosis, offering insights into its protective mechanisms. These findings underscore Djulis hull's potential as a functional food ingredient for ALI prevention and propose a valuable application for agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Sung Li
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Huang J, Zhu Y, Li S, Jiang H, Chen N, Xiao H, Liu J, Liang D, Zheng Q, Tang J, Meng X. Licochalcone B confers protective effects against LPS-Induced acute lung injury in cells and mice through the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2243423. [PMID: 37565601 PMCID: PMC10424628 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2243423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe and often fatal pulmonary disease. Current treatments for ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are limited. Natural product metabolites have shown promise as therapeutic alternatives. However, the effects of Licochalcone B (LCB) on ALI are largely unknown. METHODS We investigated the effects of LCB on lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS production were assessed. Lung tissue histopathology and oxidative stress and inflammation markers were evaluated. Protein expression levels were measured. RESULTS LCB had no cytotoxic effects on cells and increased cell viability. It reduced apoptosis and ROS levels in cells. In mice with ALI, LCB decreased lung tissue weight and improved oxidative stress and inflammation markers. It also enhanced expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 while reducing Keap1. CONCLUSION LCB protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury in cells and mice. The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway may be involved in its protective effects. LCB shows potential as a strategy to alleviate ALI caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Chengdu sport university, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Q, Shi Q, Liu L, Qian Y, Dong N. FGF10 mediates protective anti-oxidative effects in particulate matter-induced lung injury through Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1203. [PMID: 36544647 PMCID: PMC9761170 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Particulate matter (PM), a well-known environmental pollutant, is an independent risk factor associated with the morbidity of various respiratory diseases. Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological mechanism related to PM exposure, which mediates redox-sensitive inflammatory signaling, leading to lung injury. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), a paracrine fibroblast growth factor that mediates mesenchymal to epithelial signaling, participates in epithelial repair during lung injury. However, whether FGF10-mediated repair in PM-induced lung injury is related to the regulation of oxidative stress remains to be elucidated. Methods In vivo, the C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided, with intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg FGF10 1 h before 4 mg/kg PM for 2 consecutive days. In vitro, the BEAS-2B cells were pretreated with 10 ng/mL FGF10 before exposed to 200 µg/mL PM. Besides, the specific Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 was adopted in vitro. The harvested lung tissues were pathologic grading scored. The state of oxidative stress was assessed with dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The contents of IL-6 and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as well as culture supernatant were quantified by ELISA. The protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling from lung tissue as well as cell lysate were determined by Western blot. Results In this study, recombinant FGF10 administration relieved the degree of lung injury, which is characterized by bronchitis, in a mouse model of PM exposure. In addition, reduced ROS levels, which are indicative of restrained oxidative stress, were also observed. Moreover, two redox-sensitive signaling pathways, Nrf2 and NF-κB, were found to be differentially regulated by FGF10. Using a cellular model of PM exposure, we found that the anti-inflammatory effect of FGF10 on NF-κB signaling was mediated through the regulation of oxidative stress. The anti-oxidative effect relied on the stimulation of Nrf2 signaling. Blockade of Nrf2 signaling with ML385 significantly compromised the anti-inflammatory effect of FGF10. Conclusions These results underscore that the protective anti-oxidative effects of FGF10 in lung injury are mediated by the stimulation of Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China;,Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiangqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Development of Functional Fermented Dairy Products Containing Taiwan Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) in Regulating Glucose Utilization. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwan djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is a plant native to Taiwan and is a grain rich in nutrients, vitamins, and minerals with antioxidant properties. This paper aimed to use appropriate processing technology and incorporate probiotics, thus combining Taiwan’s high-quality milk sources to develop Taiwan djulis fermented dairy products. Later, FL83B cells have used to evaluate the glucose utilization ability after the administration of djulis. We first screened Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and combined it with the traditional yogurt strains Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus for cultivation. Further, the fermentation process was optimized where 7.5% djulis and an inoculum of 107 colony forming unit/mL were fermented at 40 °C for 18 h. Compared to fermented milk without djulis, the analysis of various nutrients and active ingredients showed that free radical scavenging abilities of DPPH and ABTS reached 2.3 and 2.0 times (752.35 ± 29.29 µg and 771.52 ± 3.79 µg TE/g, respectively). The free phenol content increased 2.5 times (169.90 ± 14.59 mg gallic acid/g); the total flavonoid content enhanced 4.8 times (3.05 ± 0.03 mg quercetin/g), and the gamma-aminobutyric acid content was 3.07 ± 0.94 mg/g. In a co-culture of mouse liver cells with fermented products, 100 ppm ethanol extract of fermented products effectively improved glucose utilization with increased glucose transporter expression. This functional fermented dairy product can be developed into the high value added local agricultural products and enhance multiple applications including medical and therapeutic fields.
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