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Arshad N, Shakeel M, Javed A, Perveen F, Saeed A, Ahmed A, Ismail H, Channar PA, Naseer F. Exploration of newly synthesized amantadine-thiourea conjugates for their DNA binding, anti-elastase, and anti-glioma potentials. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130231. [PMID: 38368975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Three newly synthesized amantadine thiourea conjugates namely MS-1 N-(((3 s,5 s,7 s)-adamantan-1-yl)carbamothioyl)benzamide, MS-2 N-(((3 s,5 s,7 s)-adamantan-1-yl)carbamothioyl)-4-methylbenzamide and MS-3 N-((3 s,5 s,7 s)-adamantan-1-ylcarbamothioyl)-4-chlorobenzamide were investigated for their structures, bindings (DNA/ elastase), and for their impact on healthy and cancerous cells. Theoretical (DFT/docking) and experimental {UV-visible (UV-), fluorescence (Flu-), and cyclic voltammetry (CV)} studies indicated binding interactions of each conjugate with DNA and elastase enzyme. Theoretically and experimentally calculated binding parameters for conjugate - DNA interaction revealed MS-3 - DNA to have most significant binding with comparatively greater values of binding parameters {(Kb/M-1: docking, 3.8 × 105; UV-, 5.95 × 103; Flu-,1.55 × 105; CV, 1.52 × 104), (∆G/ kJmol-1: docking, -32.09; UV-, -22.40; Flu-,-30.81; CV, -24.82)}. The docked structures, greater bindings site size values (n), and the trend in DNA viscosity changes in the presence of each conjugate concentration confirmed a mixed binding mode of interaction among them. Conjugate - elastase binding by docking agreed with the experimental anti-elastase findings. Cytotoxicity studies of each tested conjugate demonstrated greater cytotoxicity for cancerous (MG-U87) cells in comparison to control, while for the normal (HEK-293) cells the cytotoxicity was found comparatively low. Overall exploration suggested that MS-3 is the most effective candidate for DNA binding, anti-elastase, and for anti-glioma activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasima Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology- NUST, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences & Technology - NUST, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, 50700 Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Ali Channar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Naseer
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences & Technology - NUST, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mushtaq A, Wu P, Naseer MM. Recent drug design strategies and identification of key heterocyclic scaffolds for promising anticancer targets. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108579. [PMID: 38160914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a noncommunicable disease, is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and is anticipated to rise by 75% in the next two decades, reaching approximately 25 million cases. Traditional cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and surgery, have shown limited success in reducing cancer incidence. As a result, the focus of cancer chemotherapy has switched to the development of novel small molecule antitumor agents as an alternate strategy for combating and managing cancer rates. Heterocyclic compounds are such agents that bind to specific residues in target proteins, inhibiting their function and potentially providing cancer treatment. This review focuses on privileged heterocyclic pharmacophores with potent activity against carbonic anhydrases and kinases, which are important anticancer targets. Evaluation of ongoing pre-clinical and clinical research of heterocyclic compounds with potential therapeutic value against a variety of malignancies as well as the provision of a concise summary of the role of heterocyclic scaffolds in various chemotherapy protocols have also been discussed. The main objective of the article is to highlight key heterocyclic scaffolds involved in recent anticancer drug design that demands further attention from the drug development community to find more effective and safer targeted small-molecule anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Peng Wu
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Muhammad Moazzam Naseer
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
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Sakthikumar K, Kabuyaya Isamura B, Krause RWM. Exploring the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and biothermodynamic properties of novel morpholine derivative bioactive Mn(ii), Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes - combined experimental and theoretical measurements towards DNA/BSA/SARS-CoV-2 3CL Pro. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1667-1697. [PMID: 37731703 PMCID: PMC10508264 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00394e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel class of bioactive complexes (1-3) [MII(L)2(bpy)], where, L = 2-(4-morpholinobenzylideneamino)phenol, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, MII = Mn (1), Co (2) or Ni (3), were assigned to octahedral geometry based on analytical and spectral measurements. Gel electrophoresis showed that complex (2) demonstrated significant DNA cleavage activity compared to the other complexes under the action of oxidation agent (H2O2). The DNA binding constant properties measured by various techniques were in the following sequence: (2) > (3) > (1) > (HL), which suggests that the complexes might intercalate DNA, a possibility that is also supported by their biothermodynamic characteristics. The binding constant results for BSA from electronic absorption and fluorometric titrations demonstrate that complex (2) exhibits the highest binding effectiveness among them all, which means that all the compounds could interact with BSA through a static approach, additionally supported by FRET measurements. DFT and docking calculations were employed to realize the electronic structure, reactivity, and interaction capability of all substances with DNA, BSA, and the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. These binding energies fell within the ranges -7.7 to -8.5, -8.2 to -10.1 and -6.7 to -9.3 kcal mol-1, respectively. The higher reactivity of the complexes than the ligand is supported by FMO theory. The in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and radical scavenging characteristics revealed that complexes (2-3) have better biological efficacy than the others. The cytotoxicity and binding properties also show good correlation with the partition coefficient (log P), which is encouraging because all of the experimental findings are closely correlated with the theoretical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunganathan Sakthikumar
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Bienfait Kabuyaya Isamura
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa
- Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University Grahamstown 6140 Eastern Cape South Africa +27 741622674 +27 46 603 7030
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Wani TA, Zargar S. Molecular Spectroscopy Evidence of 1,3,5-Tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene Binding to DNA: Anticancer Potential along with the Comparative Binding Profile of Intercalation via Modeling Studies. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081120. [PMID: 37190029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of medicinal chemistry's top priorities is the discovery of new molecules with anticancer potential. Compounds that interact with DNA are an intriguing family of chemotherapeutic medications used to treat cancer. Studies in this area have uncovered a plethora of potential anticancer medicines, such as groove binding, alkylating, and intercalator compounds. The anticancer activity of DNA intercalators (molecules that intercalate between DNA base pairs) has drawn special interest. The current study investigated the promising anticancer drug 1,3,5-Tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB) against breast and cervical cancer cell lines. In addition, 1,3,5-Tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene binds to DNA by groove binding. The binding of H3BTB to DNA was found to be significant which unwinds the DNA helix. Considerable electrostatic and non-electrostatic contributions were present in the binding's free energy. The cytotoxic potential of H3BTB is effectively demonstrated by the computational study outcomes, which include molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The minor groove binding for the H3BTB-DNA complex is supported by molecular docking research. This study will promote empirical investigation into the synthesis of metallic and non-metallic H3BTB derivatives and their potential use as bioactive molecules for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Arshad N, Parveen U, Channar PA, Saeed A, Saeed WS, Perveen F, Javed A, Ismail H, Mir MI, Ahmed A, Azad B, Khan I. Investigation of Newly Synthesized Bis-Acyl-Thiourea Derivatives of 4-Nitrobenzene-1,2-Diamine for Their DNA Binding, Urease Inhibition, and Anti-Brain-Tumor Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062707. [PMID: 36985680 PMCID: PMC10051851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis-acyl-thiourea derivatives, namely N,N’-(((4-nitro-1,2-phenylene)bis(azanediyl)) bis(carbonothioyl))bis(2,4-dichlorobenzamide) (UP-1), N,N’-(((4-nitro-1,2-phenylene) bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonothioyl))diheptanamide (UP-2), and N,N’-(((4-nitro-1,2-phenylene)bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonothioyl))dibutannamide (UP-3), were synthesized in two steps. The structural characterization of the derivatives was carried out by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, and then their DNA binding, anti-urease, and anticancer activities were explored. Both theoretical and experimental results, as obtained by density functional theory, molecular docking, UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence (Flu-)spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and viscometry, pointed towards compounds’ interactions with DNA. However, the values of binding constant (Kb), binding site size (n), and negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) (as evaluated by docking, UV-vis, Flu-, and CV) indicated that all the derivatives exhibited binding interactions with the DNA in the order UP-3 > UP-2 > UP-1. The experimental findings from spectral and electrochemical analysis complemented each other and supported the theoretical analysis. The lower diffusion coefficient (Do) values, as obtained from CV responses of each compound after DNA addition at various scan rates, further confirmed the formation of a bulky compound–DNA complex that caused slow diffusion. The mixed binding mode of interaction as seen in docking was further verified by changes in DNA viscosity with varying compound concentrations. All compounds showed strong anti-urease activity, whereas UP-1 was found to have comparatively better inhibitory efficiency, with an IC50 value of 1.55 ± 0.0288 µM. The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the synthesized derivatives against glioblastoma MG-U87 cells (a human brain cancer cell line) followed by HEK-293 cells (a normal human embryonic kidney cell line) indicated that UP-1 and UP-3 have greater cytotoxicity against both cancerous and healthy cell lines at 400 µM. However, dose-dependent responses of UP-2 showed cytotoxicity against cancerous cells, while it showed no cytotoxicity on the healthy cell line at a low concentration range of 40–120 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasima Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (U.P.); (M.I.M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Uzma Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (U.P.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Pervaiz Ali Channar
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.P.); (B.A.)
| | - Aneela Javed
- Healthcare Biotechnology Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Ismail Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (U.P.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Basit Azad
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (F.P.); (B.A.)
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Joe H. Reynolds Medical Build, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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An Integrated Analysis of Mechanistic Insights into Biomolecular Interactions and Molecular Dynamics of Bio-Inspired Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes towards DNA/BSA/SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro by Molecular Docking-Based Virtual Screening and FRET Detection. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121883. [PMID: 36551312 PMCID: PMC9775322 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel constructed bioactive mixed-ligand complexes (1b) [CuII(L)2(phen)] and (2b) [ZnII(L)2(phen)] {where, L = 2-(4-morpholinobenzylideneamino)phenol), phen = 1,10-phenanthroline} have been structurally analysed by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques, including, magnetic moments, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Various analytical and spectral measurements assigned showed that all complexes appear to have an octahedral geometry. Agar gel electrophoresis's output demonstrated that the Cu(II) complex (1b) had efficient deoxyribonucleic cleavage and complex (2b) demonstrated the partial cleavage accomplished with an oxidation agent, which generates spreadable OH● through the Fenton type mechanism. The DNA binding constants observed from viscosity, UV-Vis spectral, fluorometric, and electrochemical titrations were in the following sequence: (1b) > (2b) > (HL), which suggests that the complexes (1b-2b) might intercalate DNA, a possibility that is supported by the biothermodynamic measurements. In addition, the observed binding constant results of BSA by electronic absorption and fluorometric titrations indicate that complex (1b) revealed the best binding efficacy as compared to complex (2b) and free ligand. Interestingly, all compounds are found to interact with BSA through a static approach, as further attested by FRET detection. The DFT and molecular docking calculations were also performed to realize the electronic structure, reactivity, and binding capability of all test samples with CT-DNA, BSA, and the SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro, which revealed the binding energies were in a range of -8.1 to -8.9, -7.5 to -10.5 and -6.7--8.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The higher reactivity of the complexes than the free ligand is supported by the FMO theory. Among all the observed data for antioxidant properties against DPPH᛫, ᛫OH, O2-• and NO᛫ free radicals, complex (1a) had the best biological efficacy. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic characteristics of all test compounds have been studied by screening against certain selected microorganisms as well as against A549, HepG2, MCF-7, and NHDF cell lines, respectively. The observed findings revealed that the activity enhances coordination as compared to free ligand via Overtone's and Tweedy's chelation mechanisms. This is especially encouraging given that in every case, the experimental findings and theoretical detections were in perfect accord.
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Comprehensive Assessment of Biomolecular Interactions of Morpholine-Based Mixed Ligand Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of 2,2'-Bipyridine as Potential Anticancer and SARS-CoV-2 Agents: A Synergistic Experimental and Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:6987806. [PMID: 36545430 PMCID: PMC9763021 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6987806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of pharmacologically active mixed-ligand complexes (1a-2a) [MII(L)2 (bpy)], where L = 2-(4-morpholinobenzylideneamino)phenol), bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, MII = Cu (1a), and Zn (2a), were assigned an octahedral geometry by analytical and spectral measurements. Gel electrophoresis showed that complex (1a) demonstrated the complete DNA cleavage mediated by H2O2. The overall DNA-binding constants observed from UV-vis, fluorometric, hydrodynamic, and electrochemical titrations were in the following sequence: (1a) > (2a) > (HL), which suggests that the complexes might intercalate DNA, a possibility that is further supported by the biothermodynamic characteristics. The binding constant results of BSA by electronic absorption and fluorometric titration demonstrate that complex (1a) exhibits the highest binding effectiveness among others, which means that all compounds could interact with BSA through a static approach, additionally supported by FRET measurements. Density FunctionalTheory (DFT) and molecular docking calculations were relied on to unveil the electronic structure, reactivity, and interacting capability of all substances with DNA, BSA, and SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). These observed binding energies fell within the following ranges: -7.7 to -8.6, -7.2 to -10.2, and -6.7 to -8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The higher reactivity of the complexes compared to free ligand is supported by the Frontier MolecularOrbital (FMO) theory. The in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic, and radical scavenging characteristics revealed that complex (1a) has the best biological efficacy compared to others. This is encouraged because all experimental findings are closely correlated with the theoretical measurements.
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Yousaf A, Waseem M, Javed A, Baig S, Ismail B, Baig A, Shahzadi I, Nawazish S, Zaman I. Augmented anticancer effect and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by using Taxus wallichiana leaf extract. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14391. [PMID: 36444381 PMCID: PMC9700453 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taxus wallichiana is an evergreen tree species found in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The tree possesses important secondary metabolites such as Taxol that has been implicated in treating breast, ovarian and colon cancer. Therefore keeping in view the importance of this plant species, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Taxus wallichiana aqueous leaf extract and evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. Methods Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized for their optical, morphological and structural features using techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and anti-cancer activity using U251 cell line. Results The study showed that the UV-absorbance peak of Ag2O NPs at 450 nm shifted to 410 nm, affirming the formation of leaf extract Ag NPs. Similarly structural studies revealed the crystalline nature of the cubic structure of the Ag crystal with an average crystallite size of 29 nm. FTIR analysis exhibited the existence of different functional elements including O-H and N-H and phenolic groups. Non-spherical glomerular shaped Taxus wallichiana Ag NPs were observed from SEM studies and EDX profile showed Ag as the main element along with constituent of biological origin. The synthesized Ag NPs showed significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. The cytotoxic activity of Ag NPs on U251 brain cancer cells showed a synergistic effect with 10 ug/mL concentration after 48 and 72 h incubation based on cell viability assay indicating promising glioblastoma drug potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Yousaf
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Baig
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamyla Nawazish
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Zaman
- Zoo/Wildlife Conservation, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan
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Sakthikumar K, Krause RWM, Isamura BK, Raja JD, Athimoolam S. Spectro-electrochemical, fluorometric and biothermodynamic evaluation of pharmacologically active morpholine scaffold single crystal ligand and its metal(II) complexes: A comparative study on in-vitro and in-silico screening towards DNA/BSA/SARS-CoV-19. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111953. [PMID: 35969975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of metal(II) complexes (1-5) [MII(L)2]{Where M = Cu (1), Co (2), Mn (3), Ni (4) and Zn (5)} constructed from 2-(4-morpholinobenzylideneamino)phenol Schiff base ligand (HL) in a 1:2 M ratio and the spectral and analytical results put forward square planar geometry. Spectro-electrochemical, hydrodynamic, gel electrophoresis, and DNA binding/cleavage results for all the compounds demonstrate that complex (1) had excellent DNA binding/cleavage properties compared to other compounds. The observation also suggests that test compounds could intercalate with DNA, and the biothermodynamic property more strongly supports the stabilizing of the double helix DNA with the complexes. BSA binding constant results show that complex (1) exposes the best binding property via a static mode, which is further confirmed by FRET calculations. The DFT calculations and docking results for all compounds towards DNA, BSA and SARS-CoV-19 main protease (3CLPro), reveal the binding energies were in the range of -7.8 to -9.4, -6.6 to -10.2 and - 6.1 - -8.2 kcal/mol for all test compounds respectively. In this case, complexes showed favorable binding energies compared to free ligand, which stimulates further studies aimed at validating the predicted activity as well as contributing to tackling the current and future viral pandemics. The in-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer results for all compounds revealed that copper complex (1) has better activity compared to others. This might result in an effective anticancer drug for future research, which is especially promising since the observed experimental results for all cases were in close agreement with the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunganathan Sakthikumar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Bienfait Kabuyaya Isamura
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Jeyaraj Dhaveethu Raja
- Department of Chemistry, The American College (Autonomous), Madurai 625 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Medvedev A, Buneeva O. Tryptophan Metabolites as Mediators of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Communication: Focus on Isatin. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:922274. [PMID: 35846785 PMCID: PMC9280024 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.922274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin (indole-2,3-dione) is an endogenous regulator, exhibiting various behavioral, biological, and pharmacological activities. Synthesis of isatin includes several crucial stages: cleavage of the tryptophan side chain and subsequent oxidation of the indole nucleus. Although these stages require concerted action of bacterial and host enzymes, there are two pathways of isatin formation: the host and bacterial pathways. Isatin acts as a neuroprotector in different experimental models of neurodegeneration. Its effects are realized via up- and downregulation of isatin-responsive genes and via interaction with numerous isatin-binding proteins identified in the brain. The effect of isatin on protein-protein interactions in the brain may be important for realization of weak inhibition of multiple receptor targets.
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Muruganantham A, Deva Sahayam AN, Suganthi S, Alexander A, Sumohan Pillai A, Enoch IVMV. Affinity variation in the interactions of tryptophan- β-cyclodextrin-platinum complex with G-quadruplex and duplex DNAs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35727077 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2090440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA forms non-canonical Guanine-rich-quadruplex structures that play crucial roles such as maintenance of the telomere, transcription, and replication. Selective binding of small molecular ligands to G-quadruplexes and stabilization of them gain importance in the control of cell proliferation and development of therapeutics. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a tryptophan-β-cyclodextrin complex and its platinum complex. The binding interaction of the synthesized Trp-β-CD-Pt compound with various DNAs, including a duplex DNA and three quadruplexes, are investigated. The binding of the compound to quadruplexes shows a general increase in the binding strength compared to the strength of binding with the duplex, CT-DNA. The compound reveals the strongest binding with kit22. An enhancement of fluorescence is generally observed when the ligand binds to all the DNAs, except myc22. The structure of the host: guest complex with Berberine, a model G-quadruplex binding ligand, is investigated using 2 D ROESY spectroscopy. The host: guest binding is strong and the DNA interaction does not extract much of the Berberine molecule from the complex. The differential bindings of the ligand in free- and Berberine-loaded forms with different G-quadruplexes are discussed in detail based on binding strengths and the modulation of fluorescence.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Muruganantham
- Centre for Nanoscience and Genomics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arokya Nithya Deva Sahayam
- Centre for Nanoscience and Genomics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soundarapandian Suganthi
- Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aleyamma Alexander
- Centre for Nanoscience and Genomics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archana Sumohan Pillai
- Centre for Nanoscience and Genomics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Israel V M V Enoch
- Centre for Nanoscience and Genomics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khalid A, Arshad N, Channar PA, Saeed A, Mir MI, Abbas Q, Ejaz SA, Hökelek T, Saeed A, Tehzeeb A. Structure and surface analyses of a newly synthesized acyl thiourea derivative along with its in silico and in vitro investigations for RNR, DNA binding, urease inhibition and radical scavenging activities. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17194-17207. [PMID: 35755589 PMCID: PMC9185314 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03160d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
N-((4-Acetylphenyl)carbamothioyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide (4) was synthesized by the treatment of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride with potassium thiocyanate in a 1 : 1 molar ratio in dry acetone to afford the 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl isothiocyanate in situ which on reaction with acetyl aniline furnished (4) in good yield and high purity. The compound was confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The planar rings were situated at a dihedral angle of 33.32(6)°. The molecules, forming S(6) ring motifs with the intramolecular N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, were linked through intermolecular C–H⋯O and N–H⋯S hydrogen bonds, enclosing R22(8) ring motifs, into infinite double chains along [101]. C–H⋯π and π⋯π interactions with an inter-centroid distance of 3.694 (1) Å helped to consolidate a three-dimensional architecture. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis further indicated that the most important contributions for the crystal packing were from H⋯C/C⋯H (20.9%), H⋯H (20.5%), H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H (19.4%), H⋯O/O⋯H (13.8%) and H⋯S/S⋯H (8.9%) interactions. Thus C–H⋯π (ring), π⋯π, van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding played the major roles in the crystal packing. The electronic structure and computed DFT (density functional theory) parameters identified the reactivity profile of compound (4). In silico binding of (4) with RNA indicated the formation of a stable protein–ligand complex via hydrogen bonding, while DNA docking studies inferred (4) as a potent groove binder. The experimentally observed hypochromic change (57.2%) in the UV-visible spectrum of (4) in the presence of varying DNA concentrations together with the evaluated binding parameters (Kb; 7.9 × 104 M−1, ΔG; −28.42 kJ mol−1) indicated spontaneous interaction of (4) with DNA via groove binding and hence supported the findings obtained through docking analysis. This compound also showed excellent urease inhibition activity in both in silico and vitro studies with an IC50 value of 0.0389 ± 0.0017 μM. However, the radical scavenging efficiency of (4) was found to be modest in comparison to vitamin C. A new acyl thiourea derivative was explored for its binding interaction with RNR and DNA and for excellent urease inhibition activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Nasima Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University 44000 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus 32038 Bahrain
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Tuncer Hökelek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University Beytepe-Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Amna Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Arfa Tehzeeb
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan
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