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Lasek P, Kosikowska U, Kołodziej P, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Krzyżanowska N, Szostek T, Struga M, Feldo M, Bogucka-Kocka A, Wujec M. New Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives with Multidirectional Biological Action. Molecules 2024; 29:1529. [PMID: 38611813 PMCID: PMC11013662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the years, several new medicinal substances have been introduced for the treatment of diseases caused by bacteria and parasites. Unfortunately, due to the production of numerous defense mechanisms by microorganisms and parasites, they still pose a serious threat to humanity around the world. Therefore, laboratories all over the world are still working on finding new, effective methods of pharmacotherapy. This research work aimed to synthesize new compounds derived from 3-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid hydrazide and to determine their biological activity. The first stage of the research was to obtain seven new compounds, including six linear compounds and one derivative of 1,2,4-triazole. The PASS software was used to estimate the potential probabilities of biological activity of the newly obtained derivatives. Next, studies were carried out to determine the nematocidal potential of the compounds with the use of nematodes of the genus Rhabditis sp. and antibacterial activity using the ACCT standard strains. To determine the lack of cytotoxicity, tests were performed on two cell lines. Additionally, an antioxidant activity test was performed due to the importance of scavenging free radicals in infections with pathogenic microorganisms. The conducted research proved the anthelmintic and antibacterial potential of the newly obtained compounds. The most effective were two compounds with a 3-chlorophenyl substituent, both linear and cyclic derivatives. They demonstrated higher efficacy than the drugs used in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Lasek
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Kołodziej
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (N.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Grażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland; (G.K.-T.); (T.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Natalia Krzyżanowska
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (N.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Tomasz Szostek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland; (G.K.-T.); (T.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Struga
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland; (G.K.-T.); (T.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (N.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Monika Wujec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Qin Y, Xu H, Chen Y, Lei J, Sun J, Zhao Y, Lian W, Zhang M. Metabolomics-Based Analyses of Dynamic Changes in Flavonoid Profiles in the Black Mulberry Winemaking Process. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112221. [PMID: 37297465 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the fruit's perishability, mulberry wine has been developed as a method of preservation. However, dynamic changes in metabolites during mulberry wine fermentation have not been reported yet. In the present investigation, UHPLC-QE-MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analyses was employed to scrutinize the metabolic profiles, particularly the flavonoid profiles, throughout the process of vinification. In general, the major differential metabolites encompassed organic heterocyclic compounds, amino acids, phenylpropanoids, aromatic compounds, and carbohydrates. The contents of total sugar and alcohol play a primary role that drove the composition of amino acids, polyphenol, aromatic compound, and organic acid metabolites based on the Mantel test. Importantly, among the flavonoids, abundant in mulberry fruit, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, (-)-epiafzelechin, eriodictyol, kaempferol, and quercetin were identified as the differential metabolic markers during blackberry wine fermentation and ripening. Flavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were also identified to be the major metabolic pathways of flavonoids in 96 metabolic pathways. These results will provide new information on the dynamic changes in flavonoid profiles during black mulberry winemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Qin
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Haotian Xu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Turpan 838000, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Turpan 838000, China
| | - Jingshuai Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Weijia Lian
- Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Turpan 838000, China
| | - Minwei Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238202. [PMID: 36500294 PMCID: PMC9736987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Red ginseng (RG), which is obtained from heated Panax ginseng and is produced by steaming followed by drying, is a valuable herb in Asian countries. Steamed ginseng dew (SGD) is a by-product produced in processing red ginseng. In the present study, phytochemical profiling of extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis. Additionally, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ·OH, and ABTS scavenging ability) and whitening activities (tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity) were analyzed. Phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of 66 and 28 compounds that were non-saponin components in chloroform extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew (RG-CE and SGD-CE), respectively. Meanwhile, there were 20 ginsenosides identified in n-butanol extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew (RG-NBE and SGD-NBE). By comparing the different polar extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew, it was found that the ethyl acetate extract of red ginseng (RG-EAE) had the best antioxidant capacity and whitening effect, the water extract of steamed ginseng dew (SGD-WE) had stronger antioxidant capacity, and the SGD-NBE and SGD-CE had a better whitening effect. This study shows that RG and SGD have tremendous potential to be used in the cosmetic industries.
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Dehelean CA, Coricovac D, Pinzaru I, Marcovici I, Macasoi IG, Semenescu A, Lazar G, Cinta Pinzaru S, Radulov I, Alexa E, Cretu O. Rutin bioconjugates as potential nutraceutical prodrugs: An in vitro and in ovo toxicological screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1000608. [PMID: 36210849 PMCID: PMC9538480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin (RUT) is considered one the most attractive flavonoids from a therapeutic perspective due to its multispectral pharmacological activities including antiradical, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimetastatic among others. Still, this compound presents a low bioavailability what narrows its clinical applications. To overcome this inconvenience, the current paper was focused on the synthesis, characterization, and toxicological assessment of two RUT bioconjugates obtained by enzymatic esterification with oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA)—rutin oleate (RUT-O) and rutin linoleate (RUT-L), as flavonoid precursors with improved physicochemical and biological properties. Following the enzymatic synthesis in the presence of Novozyme® 435, the two bioconjugates were obtained, their formation being confirmed by RAMAN and FT-IR spectroscopy. The in vitro and in ovo toxicological assessment of RUT bioconjugates (1–100 µM) was performed using 2D consecrated cell lines (cardiomyoblasts - H9c2(2-1), hepatocytes—HepaRG, and keratinocytes—HaCaT), 3D reconstructed human epidermis tissue (EpiDerm™), and chick chorioallantoic membranes, respectively. The results obtained were test compound, concentration—and cell-type dependent, as follows: RUT-O reduced the viability of H9c2(2-1), HepaRG, and HaCaT cells at 100 µM (to 77.53%, 83.17%, and 78.32%, respectively), and induced cell rounding and floating, as well as apoptotic-like features in the nuclei of all cell lines, whereas RUT-L exerted no signs of cytotoxicity in all cell lines in terms of cell viability, morphology, and nuclear integrity. Both RUT esters impaired the migration of HepaRG cells (at 25 µM) and lack irritative potential (at 100 µM) in vitro (tissue viability >50%) and in ovo (irritation scores of 0.70 for RUT-O, and 0.49 for RUT-L, respectively). Computational predictions revealed an increased lipophilicity, and reduced solubility, drug-likeness and drug score of RUT-O and RUT-L compared to their parent compounds—RUT, OA, and LA. In conclusion, we report a favorable toxicological profile for RUT-L, while RUT-O is dosage-limited since at high concentrations were noticed cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of România”, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- *Correspondence: Iulia Pinzaru,
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Gabriela Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Semenescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Geza Lazar
- ”Ioan Ursu” Institute of the Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Cinta Pinzaru
- ”Ioan Ursu” Institute of the Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of România”, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of România”, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Cretu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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