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Yoshihara E, Nabil A, Iijima M, Ebara M. A Comparative Study of "Grafting to" and "Grafting from" Conjugation Methods for the Preparation of Antibody-Temperature-Responsive Polymer Conjugates. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22043-22050. [PMID: 38799371 PMCID: PMC11112704 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of infectious diseases is still challenging particularly in a nonlaboratory environment or limited resources areas. Thus, sensitive, inexpensive, and easily handled diagnostic approaches are required. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is commonly used in the screening of infectious diseases despite its poor sensitivity, especially with low pathogenic loads (early stages of infection). This article introduces a novel polymeric material that might help in the enrichment and concentration of pathogens to overcome the LFIA misdiagnosis. To achieve this, we evaluated the efficiency of introducing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) into immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a model antibody using two different conjugation methods: grafting to (GT) and grafting from (GF). The IgG-PNIPAAm conjugates were characterized using SDS-PAGE, DLS, and temperature-responsive phase transition behavior. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the GF method was more efficient in introducing the polymer than the GT method, with calculated polymer introduction ratios of 61% and 34%, respectively. The GF method proved to be less susceptible to steric hindrance and more efficient in introducing high-molecular-weight polymers into proteins. These results are consistent with previous studies comparing the GT and GF methods in similar systems. This study represents an important step toward understanding how the choice of polymer incorporation method affects the properties of IgG-PNIPAAm conjugates. The synthesized polymer allowed binding and enrichment of mouse IgG that was used as a model antigen with a clear LFIA band. On the basis of our findings, this system might help in improving the sensitivity of simple diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Yoshihara
- Research
Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ahmed Nabil
- Research
Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Biotechnology
and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for
Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
- Egyptian
Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), El Mansoura 35511, Egypt
| | - Michihiro Iijima
- Department
of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College (NIT, Oyama College), 771 Nakakuki, Oyama 323-0806, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Research
Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University
of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Graduate
School of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0825, Japan
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Dehghankhold M, Ahmadi F, Nezafat N, Abedi M, Iranpour P, Dehghanian A, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Akbarizadeh AR, Sobhani Z. A versatile theranostic magnetic polydopamine iron oxide NIR laser-responsive nanosystem containing doxorubicin for chemo-photothermal therapy of melanoma. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213797. [PMID: 38368693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Theranostics nanoparticles (NPs) have recently received much attention in cancer imaging and treatment. This study aimed to develop a multifunctional nanosystem for the targeted delivery of photothermal and chemotherapy agents. Fe3O4 NPs were modified with polydopamine, bovine serum albumin, and loaded with DOX via a thermal-cleavable Azo linker (Fe3O4@PDA@BSA-DOX). The size of Fe3O4@PDA@BSA NPs was approximately 98 nm under the desired conditions. Because of the ability of Fe3O4 and PDA to convert light into heat, the temperature of Fe3O4@PDA@BSA NPs increased to approximately 47 °C within 10 min when exposed to an 808 nm NIR laser with a power density of 1.5 W/cm2. The heat generated by the NIR laser leads to the breaking of AZO linker and drug release. In vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that prepared NPs under laser irradiation successfully eradicated tumor cells without any significant toxicity effect. Moreover, the Fe3O4@PDA@BSA NPs exhibited the potential to function as a contrasting agent. These NPs could accumulate in tumors with the help of an external magnet, resulting in a significant enhancement in the quality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The prepared novel multifunctional NPs seem to be an efficient system for imaging and combination therapy in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Dehghankhold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Research Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Abedi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooya Iranpour
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Dehghanian
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Amin Reza Akbarizadeh
- Drug and Food Control Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Research Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Drug and Food Control Department, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Lee G, Iwase T, Matsumoto S, Nabil A, Ebara M. Development of Apoptotic-Cell-Inspired Antibody-Drug Conjugate for Effective Immune Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16036. [PMID: 38003225 PMCID: PMC10671176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptotic cells' phosphoserine (PS) groups have a significant immunosuppressive effect. They inhibit proinflammatory signals by interacting with various immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD4+ cells. Previously, we synthesized PS-group-immobilized polymers and verified their immunomodulatory effects. Despite its confirmed immunomodulatory potential, the PS group has not been considered as a payload for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in a targeted anti-inflammatory approach. AIM We conducted this research to introduce an apoptotic-cell-inspired antibody-drug conjugate for effective immunomodulation. METHOD Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylserine) (p(HEMA-co-MPS)) was synthesized as a payload using RAFT polymerization, and goat anti-mouse IgG was selected as a model antibody, which was conjugated with the synthesized p(HEMA-co-MPS) via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-Hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) reaction. The antibody-binding affinity, anti-inflammatory potential, and cytotoxicity measurements were evaluated. RESULTS We successfully synthesized ADCs with a significant anti-inflammatory effect and optimized the antibody-polymer ratio to achieve the highest antibody-binding affinity. CONCLUSION We successfully introduced p(HEMA-co-MPS) to IgG without decreasing the anti-inflammatory potential of the polymer while maintaining its targeting ability. We suggest that the antibody-polymer ratio be appropriately adjusted for effective therapy. In the future, this technology can be applied to therapeutic antibodies, such as Tocilizumab or Abatacept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongwoo Lee
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan (A.N.)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Taishu Iwase
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan (A.N.)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Matsumoto
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan (A.N.)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ahmed Nabil
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan (A.N.)
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan (A.N.)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Katsushika-ku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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Kotova S, Kostjuk S, Rochev Y, Efremov Y, Frolova A, Timashev P. Phase transition and potential biomedical applications of thermoresponsive compositions based on polysaccharides, proteins and DNA: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126054. [PMID: 37532189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Smart thermoresponsive polymers have long attracted attention as materials of a great potential for biomedical applications, mainly for drug delivery, tissue engineering and wound dressing, with a special interest to injectable hydrogels. Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) is the most important synthetic thermoresponsive polymer due to its physiologically relevant transition temperature. However, the use of unmodified PNIPAM encounters such problems as low biodegradability, low drug loading capacity, slow response to thermal stimuli, and insufficient mechanical robustness. The use of natural polysaccharides and proteins in combinations with PNIPAM, in the form of grafted copolymers, IPNs, microgels and physical mixtures, is aimed at overcoming these drawbacks and creating dual-functional materials with both synthetic and natural polymers' properties. When developing such compositions, special attention should be paid to preserving their key property, thermoresponsiveness. Addition of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fragments to PNIPAM is known to affect its transition temperature. This review covers various classes of natural polymers - polysaccharides, fibrous and non-fibrous proteins, DNA - used in combination with PNIPAM for the prospective biomedical purposes, with a focus on their phase transition temperatures and its relation to the natural polymer's structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kotova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Sergei Kostjuk
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220006, Belarus; Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk 220006, Belarus
| | - Yuri Rochev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Yuri Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia Frolova
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Recent Advances in the Application of ATRP in the Synthesis of Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051234. [PMID: 36904474 PMCID: PMC10007417 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have enabled the precise design and preparation of nanostructured polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications. This paper briefly summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of bio-therapeutics for drug delivery based on linear and branched block copolymers and bioconjugates using ATRP, which have been tested in drug delivery systems (DDSs) over the past decade. An important trend is the rapid development of a number of smart DDSs that can release bioactive materials in response to certain external stimuli, either physical (e.g., light, ultrasound, or temperature) or chemical factors (e.g., changes in pH values and/or environmental redox potential). The use of ATRPs in the synthesis of polymeric bioconjugates containing drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as systems applied in combination therapies, has also received considerable attention.
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Hybrid protein-polymer nanoparticles based on P(NVCL-co-DMAEMA) loaded with cisplatin as a potential anti-cancer agent. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Preparation of Temperature-Responsive Antibody–Nanoparticles by RAFT-Mediated Grafting from Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214584. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation of temperature-responsive antibody–nanoparticles by the direct polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) from immunoglobulin G (IgG). To this end, a chain transfer agent (CTA) was introduced into IgG, followed by the precipitation polymerization of NIPAAm in an aqueous medium via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Consequently, antibody–polymer particles with diameters of approximately 100–200 nm were formed. Owing to the entanglement of the grafted polymers via partial chemical crosslinking, the antibody–nanoparticles maintained their stability even at temperatures below the LCST. Further, the dispersed nanoparticles could be collected by thermal precipitation above the LCST. Additionally, the antibody–nanoparticles formulation could maintain its binding constant and exhibited a good resistance against enzymatic treatment. Thus, the proposed antibody–nanoparticles can be useful for maximizing the therapeutic potential of antibody–drug conjugates or efficacies of immunoassays and antibody recovery and recycling.
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