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Yang J, Tang L, Li L, Wu X, Yan L. Recent Advances in Organic Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Zinc Ions (Zn 2+). J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03770-1. [PMID: 38869709 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Zinc(II) ions (Zn2g) play crucial roles in the growth, propagation, and metabolism of animals, plants, and humans. Abnormal concentrations of Zn2+ in the environment and living organisms pose potential risks to environmental protection and human health. Therefore, it is imperative to develop rapid, reliable and in-situ detection methods for Zn2+ in both environmental and biological contexts. Furthermore, effective analytical methods are required for diagnosing diseases and understanding physiological metabolic mechanisms associated with Zn2+ concentration levels. Organic small-molecule fluorescent probes offer advantages such as fast, reliable, convenient, non-destructive detection capabilities and have significant application potential in Zn2+ detection and bioimaging; thus garnering extensive attention. Over the past two years alone, various organic small-molecule probes for Zn2+ based on different detection mechanisms and fluorophores have been rapidly developed. However, these probes still exhibit several limitations that need further resolution. In light of this context, we provide a comprehensive summary of the detection mechanisms, performance characteristics, and application scope of Zn2+ fluorescence probes since year 2022 while highlighting their advantages. We also propose solutions to address existing issues with these probes and outline future directions for their advancement. This review aims to serve as a valuable reference source offering insights into the development of advanced organic small-molecule-based fluorescence probes specifically designed for detecting Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Liting Tang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiongzhi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, Guangxi, P.R. China.
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Wu X, Duan N, Yang S. Research Progress on the Application of Multifunctional Amino Derivative Fluorescent Probes in Food, the Environment, and the Microenvironment. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38693829 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2343848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The amino group is regarded as a multifunctional recognition group in fluorescent probes. It is nucleophilic, a strong electron-donating group and is a polar group with active hydrogen. Based on these characteristics, amino-based fluorescent probes combined with various fluorescent precursors have been constructed, with excellent sensing performance and low cytotoxicity. These probes have significant application value in the detection of food, living cells and organisms. Here, the relevant studies on amino fluorescent probes from 2016 to 2024 are systematically reviewed and their molecular design principles, recognition mechanisms and applications are described. These studies included 14 on exogenous and endogenous formaldehyde detection, five that detected polarity changes in the external environment and organelles in vivo, four intracellular mitochondrial and lysosomal viscosity detections, seven physiological environment and intracellular pH detections, seven metal ion detections in biological and environmental systems and four rapid detections of the hypochlorite anion (ClO-) in a variety of physiological processes and cells. The application scope of amino fluorescent probes is constantly expanding at present but, research progress in multiple application fields has not been summarized. This article mainly reviews the latest progress in amino fluorescent probes in the fields of food, the environment and the microenvironment, as well as looking forward to the development prospects of these fluorescent probes. Improving the reactivity of amino recognition groups and visual detection may become hot issues in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wu
- Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ning Duan
- Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shaoxiang Yang
- Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
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Yang S, Huang Y, Lu A, Wang Z, Li H. A Highly Selective and Sensitive Sequential Recognition Probe Zn 2+ and H 2PO 4- Based on Chiral Thiourea Schiff Base. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104166. [PMID: 37241910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel chiral thiourea fluorescent probes HL1-HL6 were designed and synthesized from (1R,2R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, phenyl isothiocyanate, and different substituted salicylic aldehydes. All of the compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. They exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity to Zn2+ in the presence of nitrate ions with the detection limit of 2.3 × 10-8 M (HL5). Meanwhile, their zinc (II) complexes (L-ZnNO3) showed continuous response to H2PO4- in acetonitrile solution. The identification processes could further be verified by supramolecular chemistry data analysis, X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis, and theoretical study. The research provides reliable evidence for an explanation of the mechanism of action of thiourea involved in coordination, which is important for the application of thiourea fluorescent probes. In short, the sensors HL1-HL6 based on chiral thiourea Schiff base will be promising detection devices for Zn2+ and H2PO4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yichuan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Aidang Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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Kokina TE, Shekhovtsov NA, Vasilyev ES, Glinskaya LA, Mikheylis AV, Plyusnin VF, Tkachev AV, Bushuev MB. Efficient emission of Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes with nopinane-annelated 4,5-diazafluorene and 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one ligands: how slight structural modification alters fluorescence mechanism. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37183960 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc(II) and cadmium(II) chlorido complexes with an N,N-chelating nopinane-annelated 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one ligand (LO) were synthesized. While the zinc(II) complex is mononuclear and adopts a tetrahedral ZnN2Cl2 coordination geometry, its cadmium(II) analogue features a 1D polymeric structure due to the bridging coordination of chlorido ligands with Cd2+ ions having an octahedral CdN2Cl4 coordination geometry. The photophysical properties of the oxygen-containing LO ligand and its zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes were studied in solution and in the solid state and matched against the properties of its oxygen-free 4,5-diazafluorene congener L and its complexes of the same metal ions. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies revealed the impact of the oxygen atom in the ligand core on the luminescence of the ligands and the complexes. For the oxygen-free L ligand and L-based complexes, the structural differences between the S0 and S1 geometries are small, which leads to fluorescence with extraordinarily small Stokes shifts. The emission of these compounds is of locally excited character for L and of mixed locally excited + ligand-to-halide charge transfer character for the L-based complexes. The introduction of the oxygen atom in the ligand core results in a drastic red-shift of the emission band due to short-range charge transfer. The differences between the S0 and S1 geometries are much more pronounced for LO and LO-based compounds than those of their oxygen-free analogues, leading to an order of magnitude larger Stokes shifts. On going from solution to the solid state, LO and its complexes exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behaviour with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) reaching tens of percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana E Kokina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Nikita A Shekhovtsov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Eugene S Vasilyev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Ludmila A Glinskaya
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Aleksandr V Mikheylis
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Institutskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Victor F Plyusnin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Institutskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Tkachev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Mark B Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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