The Difference of Volatile Compounds in Female and Male Buds of Herpetospermum pedunculosum Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Nontargeted Metabolite Profiling of the Most Prominent Indian Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars Using Different Extraction Methods

Aroma has a crucial role in assessing the quality of fresh fruit and its processed versions, which serve as reliable indications for advancing local cultivars in the mango industry. The aroma of mango is attributed to a complex of hundreds of volatile, polar, and nonpolar metabolites belonging to different chemical classes like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, nonterpene hydrocarbons (alkanes), alcohols, esters, fatty acids, aldehydes, lactones, amides, amines, ethers, and many more. This study looked at the volatile, nonpolar, and polar metabolites from 16 mango cultivars to determine their relative quantities and intervarietal changes using hexane, ethanol, and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In total, 58 volatile compounds through SPME, 50 nonpolar metabolites from hexane extract, and 52 polar metabolites from ethanol extract were detected from all of the cultivars, belonging to various chemical classes. Through the SPME method, all 16 mango cultivars except Dashehari and Neelum exhibited abundant monoterpenes with maximum concentration in Kesar (91.00%) and minimum in Amrapali (60.66%). However, the abundance of fatty acids and sesquiterpenes was detected in Dashehari (37.91%) and Neelum (74.80%), respectively. In the hexane extract, 23 nonterpene hydrocarbons exhibited abundance in all 16 mango cultivars except Baneshan, with a higher concentration in Dashehari (95.45%) and lower in Ratna (77.63%). The ethanol extraction of 16 mango cultivars showed a higher concentration of esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and amides in Jamadar (52.16%), Dadamio (74.30%), Langra (64.38%), and Kesar (37.10%), respectively. There have been a lot of metabolite variations observed and analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) based on the similarity of various chemical compounds. Cluster analysis revealed the true similarity and pedigree of different mango cultivars, viz., Neeleswari, Dashehari, Neelum, Alphonso, Baneshan, Sonpari, and Neeleshan. They occupied the same cluster during analysis.

A novel simultaneous quantitative method for differential volatile components in herbs based on combined near-infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopy

A novel method based on GC-MS, near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was established to simultaneously analyze differential volatile components (DVCs) of herb samples. Herein, Florists Chrysanthemum was adopted as the representative sample. Through the introduction of Automatic data analysis workflow (AntDAS) and one-class partial least squares discriminant analysis (O-PLSDA) model, five kinds of terpenes and five kinds of alcohols were efficiently screened as DVCs. By using the selected NIR-MIR spectra sections combined with O-PLSDA, it could achieve the accurate identification of Florists Chrysanthemum from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. What's more, since the selected spectra sections were closely related to the structural and content of DVCs, they could be further used for simultaneous quantitative analysis of DVCs combined with optimized variable-weighted least-squares support vector machine based on particle swarm optimization (PSO-VWLS-SVM). This method only adopted the same NIR-MIR sections for multiple component accurate quantification, highlighting its convenience.

Solid-Phase Microextraction and Related Techniques in Bioanalysis

Living organisms, such as microorganisms, plants and animals, are composed of complex constituents, which may include bioactive components that maintain their functions [...]

The Difference of Volatile Compounds in Female and Male Buds of Trichosanthes anguina L. Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Trichosanthes anguina L. (family Cucurbitaceae) is a monoecious and diclinous plant that can be consumed as a vegetable and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The chemical composition and content of volatile compounds in female and male buds of T. anguina were explored by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the content of the volatile compounds was different between female and male buds. 2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol and 2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyldihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one were the main volatile compounds in both female and male buds. Based on the multivariate statistical analysis of orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and t-test, the content of seven compounds was significantly different between female and male buds. The content of three compounds in male buds was higher than that in female, i.e., (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene, and (E)-caryophyllene. Conversely, the content of (Z)-4-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl salicylate, and 2-hexen-1-ol in female buds was higher than that in male buds. This is the first report on the difference in the volatile compounds between female and male buds of T. anguina, which enriches the basic research on the monoecious and diclinous plant and provides a reference for the study of plant sex differentiation.