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Bozari S. In vitro Genotoxicity and In silico Docking Analyses of the Essential Oils of Thuja orientalis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301643. [PMID: 38072835 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Two main objectives were pursued to assess the reliability of Thuja orientalis essential oils (TOEO). The first objective was to extract TOEO, analyze them by GC-MS, and determine their in vitro genotoxicity against selected plants using the RAPD-PCR method. The second objective was to evaluate the in-silico toxicity of TOEO. The binding sites and energies of each content was calculated against B-DNA. In-silico analyses were performed using a simulation program, AutoDock Vina, and Toxicity Estimation Software Tools. 3-carene, cedrol, and 2-pinene were identified as the predominant components. In vitro studies showed that the TOEO had a more significant impact on reducing genomic stability in wheat compared to the amaranth. The lowest stability was determined as 39.78 % in wheat and 53.58 % in amaranth. Cedrol (-5,7 kcal/mol) and selinene (-5,6 kcal/mol) exhibited the highest binding affinity. The toxicity test indicated that components other than cyclohexene may have toxic effects, none of them were predicted to be mutagenic, and LD50 (mol/kg) values could vary between 1.33 and 1.55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Bozari
- Muş Alparslan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 49250, Mus, Türkiye
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Kerienė I, Šaulienė I, Šukienė L, Judžentienė A, Ligor M, Valiuškevičius G, Grendaitė D, Buszewski B. Enrichment of Water Bodies with Phenolic Compounds Released from Betula and Pinus Pollen in Surface Water. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:99. [PMID: 38202407 PMCID: PMC10780553 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Betula and Pinus pollen, which are dispersed in natural surface waters, release biologically active compounds into the water bodies. This study aims to evaluate variations in the distribution and composition of phenolic compounds in suspended particles in natural water bodies during pollen spreading. Samples taken from water bodies of different trophic levels were analyzed by microscopy, UV/VIS spectroscopy, HPTLC, and HPLC/DAD. The study revealed that the total phenolic content in water-suspended particles varied from 3.0 mg/g to 11.0 mg/g during Betula and Pinus pollen spreading. It was also observed that the surface water of dystrophic natural lakes had a higher content of phenolic compounds than the eutrophic, hypereutrophic, and mesotrophic water bodies. Chlorogenic, trans-ferulic, vanillin, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids were frequently detected in the surface water samples. Experimental measurements have shown variations in the release of phenolic compounds from Betula pollen into water (p < 0.05). After the exhibition of pollen, the distilled water predominantly contained bioactive chlorogenic acid. Further in situ investigations are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the function of phenolic compounds in aquatic ecosystems. The exploration of the release of bioactive compounds from pollen could provide valuable insights into the potential nutritional value of pollen as a nutrient source for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kerienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania; (I.Š.); (L.Š.)
| | - Ingrida Šaulienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania; (I.Š.); (L.Š.)
| | - Laura Šukienė
- Regional Development Institute, Šiauliai Academy, Vilnius University, 84 Vytauto Str., LT-76352 Šiauliai, Lithuania; (I.Š.); (L.Š.)
| | - Asta Judžentienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.L.); (B.B.)
| | - Gintaras Valiuškevičius
- Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Dalia Grendaitė
- Department of Hydrology and Climatology, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.V.); (D.G.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.L.); (B.B.)
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Borgonetti V, Caroli C, Governa P, Virginia B, Pollastro F, Franchini S, Manetti F, Les F, López V, Pellati F, Galeotti N. Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench reduces body weight gain and modulates mood disorders via inhibition of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) by arzanol. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4304-4320. [PMID: 37433745 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is steadily rising, making safe and more efficient anti-obesity treatments an urgent medical need. Growing evidence correlates obesity and comorbidities, including anxiety and depression, with the development of a low-grade inflammation in peripheral and central tissues. We hypothesized that attenuating neuroinflammation might reduce weight gain and improve mood. We investigated the efficacy of a methanolic extract from Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench (HSE), well-known for its anti-inflammatory properties, and its main constituent arzanol (AZL). HPLC-ESI-MS2 and HPLC-UV were used to characterize the extract. HSE effects on mood and feeding behavior was assessed in mice. The mechanism of action of HSE and AZL was investigated in hippocampus samples and SH-SY5Y cells by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Oral administration of HSE for 3 weeks limited weight gain with no significant decrease in food intake. HSE produced an anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like phenotype comparable to diazepam and amitriptyline, respectively, in the absence of locomotor and cognitive impairments and induced neuroprotective effects in glutamate-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. A dose-dependent reduction of SIRT1 expression was detected in SH-SY5Y cells and in hippocampal samples from HSE-treated mice. The inhibition of the SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway was induced in the hypothalamus. Molecular docking studies proposed a mechanism of SIRT1 inhibition by AZL, confirmed by the evaluation of inhibitory effects on SIRT1 enzymatic activity. HSE limited weight gain and comorbidities through an AZL-mediated SIRT1 inhibition. These activities indicate HSE an innovative therapeutic perspective for obesity and associated mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Clarissa Caroli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Governa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brighenti Virginia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francisco Les
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Glumac M, Jažo Z, Paštar V, Golemac A, Čikeš Čulić V, Bektić S, Radan M, Carev I. Chemical Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don. Essential Oil: Exploring Pure Compounds and Synergistic Combinations. Molecules 2023; 28:5299. [PMID: 37513174 PMCID: PMC10384098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don., immortelle, is a plant species used in ethnomedicine and the food industry as a spice added to food, beverages, and bakery products. It has been shown to possess various biological activities, such as antioxidant and antibacterial activity, making it useful as a natural preservative. We investigated the phytochemical profile and biological activity of H. italicum essential oils from wild-grown plant material collected from natural habitats in the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a visual investigation of plant organs (stem, leaf, and flower) was performed, confirming the presence of essential oil reservoirs on the surface of all examined plant organs. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation in the Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the GC-MS analytical technique. Cytotoxic activity tests were performed in vitro on three cell lines: skin (fibroblast), lung, and breast cancer. Using statistical tools, the synergistic and selective effects of H. italicum essential oil on healthy and tumor cells were correlated to chemical composition and cytotoxic activity. The synergistic and antagonistic effects of H. italicum essential oil's individual components were simulated by testing pure compounds and their mixture of cytotoxic activity on fibroblasts and breast cancer cells. The results confirm that essential oil's biological activity is much greater than the sum of the effects of its components. The present data are novel contributions to the body of knowledge on the biological activity of this species used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Glumac
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zvonimir Jažo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Regional Laboratory Split, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poljička Cesta 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Paštar
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Science, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Anja Golemac
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Science, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Sanida Bektić
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 4, 75 000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mila Radan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Carev
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Science, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
- NAOS Institute of Life Science, 355, Rue Pierre-Simon Laplace, 13290 Aix, France
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Jakupović L, Bačić I, Jablan J, Marguí E, Marijan M, Inić S, Nižić Nodilo L, Hafner A, Zovko Končić M. Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin-Based Helichrysum italicum Extracts: Antioxidant and Cosmeceutical Activity and Biocompatibility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040855. [PMID: 37107230 PMCID: PMC10135191 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Helichrysum italicum extracts, OPT-1 (rich in phenolic acids) and OPT-2 (rich in total phenols and flavonoids), were prepared using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD)-assisted extraction. The prepared extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. GC-MS analysis of the extracts identified neryl acetate, neo-intermedeol, β-selinene, γ-curcumene, italidione I, and nerol as the main volatile components of the extracts, as well as plant sterols, γ-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol. The antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and a carotene linoleic acid assay) and cosmeceutical (anti-hyaluronidase, anti-tyrosinase, anti-lipoxygenase, ovalbumin anti-coagulation, and a UV-absorption assay) activity of the extracts in most of the assays was better than the activity of the applied positive controls. Especially low were the IC50 values of the extracts in the anti-hyaluronidase (14.31 ± 0.29 μL extract/mL and 19.82 ± 1.53 μL extract/mL for OPT-1 and OPT-2, respectively) and the anti-lipoxygenase (0.96 ± 0.11 μL extract/mL and 1.07 ± 0.01 μL extract/mL for OPT-1 and OPT-2, respectively) assays. The extracts were non-toxic to HaCaT cells in concentrations of up to 62.5 µL extract/mL assuring their status as excellent candidates for cosmeceutical product development appropriate for direct use in cosmetic products without solvent evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejsa Jakupović
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bačić
- Forensic Science Centre “Ivan Vučetić”, Ilica 335, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jablan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eva Marguí
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marijan Marijan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Inić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Nižić Nodilo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Hafner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Zovko Končić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Khan K, Jalal K, Uddin R. Pangenome profiling of novel drug target against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15647-15660. [PMID: 36935100 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is a frequent causative agent of nosocomial infection mainly acquired from outgoing hospital patients (Hospital Acquired Infection-HAIs). They are largely involved in the outbreaks of bacteremia, UTI, and endocarditis with a high transmissibility rate. The recent emergence of VRE strain (i.e. vancomycin resistant enterococcus) turned it into high priority pathogen for which new drug research is of dire need. Therefore, in current study, pangenome and resistome analyses were performed for available antibiotic-resistant genomes (n = 216) of E. faecium. It resulted in the prediction of around 5,059 genes as an accessory gene, 1,076 genes as core and 1,558 genes made up a unique genome fraction. Core genes common to all strains were further used for the identification of potent drug targets by applying subtractive genomics approach. Moreover, the COG functional analysis showed that these genomes are highly enriched in metabolic pathways such as in translational, ribosomal, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleotide transport metabolism. Through subtractive genomics it was observed that 431 proteins were non-homologous to the human proteome, 166 identified as essential for pathogen survival while 26 as potential and unique therapeutic targets. Finally, 3-dehydroquinate dehydrogenase was proposed as a potent drug target for further therapeutic candidate identification. Moreover, the molecular docking and dynamic simulation technique were applied to performed a virtual screening of natural product libraries (i.e., TCM and Ayurvedic compounds) along with 3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-cyclohex-1-enecarboxylate (DHS) as a standard compound to validate the study. Consequently, Argeloside I, Apigenin-7-O-gentiobioside (from Ayurvedic library), ZINC85571062, and ZINC85570908 (TCM library) compounds were identified as potential inhibitors of 3-dehydroquinate dehydrogenase. The study proposed new compounds as novel therapeutics, however, further experimental validation is needed as a follow-up.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Jalal
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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