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Tian X, Liu C, Yang Z, Zhu J, Fang W, Yin Y. Crosstalk between ethylene and melatonin activates isoflavone biosynthesis and antioxidant systems to produce high-quality soybean sprouts. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112197. [PMID: 39019089 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Isoflavone, which are mainly found in soybeans, are a secondary metabolite with a variety of physiological functions. In recent years, increasing the isoflavone content of soybeans has received widespread attention. Although ethephon treatment significantly increased isoflavone content in soybean sprouts, it also had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of sprouts. Melatonin (MT), as a new type of plant hormone, not only alleviated the damage caused by abiotic stress to plants, but also promoted the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of exogenous MT in regulating the growth and development, and the metabolism of isoflavone in soybean sprouts under ethephon treatment. The results indicated that MT alleviated the adverse effects of ethephon treatment on soybean sprouts by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and the expression of their corresponding genes, as well as decreased the content of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, MT further increased the isoflavone content by up-regulating the expression level of isoflavone synthesis genes and increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase under ethephon treatment. This study provided technical support and reference value for the production of high-quality soybean sprouts to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Khedr EH, Khedr N, Abdel-Haleem M. Harnessing the metabolic modulatory and antioxidant power of 1-(3-Phenyl-Propyl) cyclopropane and melatonin in maintaining mango fruit quality and prolongation storage life. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:464. [PMID: 37798697 PMCID: PMC10552391 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the effects of 1-(3-phenyl-propyl) cyclopropene (PPCP) and melatonin (MT) as anti-ethylene agents on postharvest senescence, quality, chilling tolerance, and antioxidant metabolism in the mango fruit cv. "Keitt". The study involved exposing the fruit to 20 μL L- 1 PPCP or 200 μM MT, in addition to a control group of untreated fruit, before storing them at 5 ± 1 °C for 28 d. The findings revealed that the treatments with PPCP and MT were effective in reducing chilling injury and preserving fruit quality when compared to the control group. RESULTS The use of 20 μL L- 1 PPCP was an effective treatment in terms of mitigating chilling injury and preserving fruit quality for 28 d. This was attributed to the decrease in metabolic activity, specifically the respiration rate and the production of ethylene, which led to the maintenance of fruit firmness and bioactive compounds, energy metabolism, and antioxidant activity, such as ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase activity, ATP, and ATPase activity. The study also found that the MT treatment at 200 μM was effective in reducing chilling injury and weight loss and improving membrane stability. Additionally, it led to a decrease in malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage, and the maintenance of fruit quality in terms of firmness, peel and pulp colour values for mango peel and pulp total carotenoid content, as well as phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase activity. These findings indicate that PPCP and MT have the potential to be efficient treatments in maintaining mango quality and minimizing post-harvest losses. CONCLUSION The utilisation of treatments with 20 μL L- 1 of PPCP or 200 μM MT was found to effectively preserve the postharvest quality parameters, in terms of bioactive compounds, energy metabolism, and antioxidant activity, of mangoes cv. "Keitt" that were stored at 5 ± 1 °C for 28 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Hamdy Khedr
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Nagwa Khedr
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Hernández-Ruiz J, Giraldo-Acosta M, El Mihyaoui A, Cano A, Arnao MB. Melatonin as a Possible Natural Anti-Viral Compound in Plant Biocontrol. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:781. [PMID: 36840129 PMCID: PMC9961163 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional and ubiquitous molecule. In animals, melatonin is a hormone that is involved in a wide range of physiological activities and is also an excellent antioxidant. In plants, it has been considered a master regulator of multiple physiological processes as well as of hormonal homeostasis. Likewise, it is known for its role as a protective biomolecule and activator of tolerance and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress in plants. Since infections by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses in crops result in large economic losses, interest has been aroused in determining whether melatonin plays a relevant role in plant defense systems against pathogens in general, and against viruses in particular. Currently, several strategies have been applied to combat infection by pathogens, one of them is the use of eco-friendly chemical compounds that induce systemic resistance. Few studies have addressed the use of melatonin as a biocontrol agent for plant diseases caused by viruses. Exogenous melatonin treatments have been used to reduce the incidence of several virus diseases, reducing symptoms, virus titer, and even eradicating the proliferation of viruses such as Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Apple Stem Grooving Virus, Rice Stripe Virus and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in tomato, apple, rice and eggplant, respectively. The possibilities of using melatonin as a possible natural virus biocontrol agent are discussed.
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J, Cano A. Role of Melatonin and Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants: Implications under Nitrogen-Excess or Nitrogen-Low. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315217. [PMID: 36499543 PMCID: PMC9741234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a new plant hormone involved in multiple physiological functions in plants such as germination, photosynthesis, plant growth, flowering, fruiting, and senescence, among others. Its protective role in different stress situations, both biotic and abiotic, has been widely demonstrated. Melatonin regulates several routes in primary and secondary plant metabolism through the up/down-regulation of many enzyme/factor genes. Many of the steps of nitrogen metabolism in plants are also regulated by melatonin and are presented in this review. In addition, the ability of melatonin to enhance nitrogen uptake under nitrogen-excess or nitrogen-low conditions is analyzed. A model that summarizes the distribution of nitrogen compounds, and the osmoregulation and redox network responses mediated by melatonin, are presented. The possibilities of using melatonin in crops for more efficient uptake, the assimilation and metabolization of nitrogen from soil, and the implications for Nitrogen Use Efficiency strategies to improve crop yield are also discussed.
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Corpas FJ, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Muñoz-Vargas MA, González-Gordo S, Reiter RJ, Palma JM. Interactions of melatonin, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide during fruit ripening: an update and prospective view. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5947-5960. [PMID: 35325926 PMCID: PMC9523826 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is a physiological process that involves a complex network of signaling molecules that act as switches to activate or deactivate certain metabolic pathways at different levels, not only by regulating gene and protein expression but also through post-translational modifications of the involved proteins. Ethylene is the distinctive molecule that regulates the ripening of fruits, which can be classified as climacteric or non-climacteric according to whether or not, respectively, they are dependent on this phytohormone. However, in recent years it has been found that other molecules with signaling potential also exert regulatory roles, not only individually but also as a result of interactions among them. These observations imply the existence of mutual and hierarchical regulations that sometimes make it difficult to identify the initial triggering event. Among these 'new' molecules, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and melatonin have been highlighted as prominent. This review provides a comprehensive outline of the relevance of these molecules in the fruit ripening process and the complex network of the known interactions among them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María A Muñoz-Vargas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Essential Oils and Melatonin as Functional Ingredients in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162089. [PMID: 36009679 PMCID: PMC9405278 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phytogenics are plant-based compounds with beneficial actions in feed technology and/or animal health. These so-called plant secondary metabolites are very diverse and with wide possible applications in humans and animals. Among them, essential oils (EOs) are the most used in feed for livestock and pets. Lately, melatonin has acquired new and interesting applications in dogs. Recent studies using EOs and/or melatonin in dog feeding and their involvement in health aspects are presented. Abstract The use of nutraceuticals or functional ingredients is increasingly widespread in human food; their use is also widespread in animal feed. These natural compounds generally come from plant materials and comprise a wide range of substances of a very diverse chemical nature. In animals, these compounds, so-called phytogenics, are used to obtain improvements in feed production/stability and also as functional components with repercussions on animal health. Along with polyphenols, isoprenoid compounds represent a family of substances with wide applications in therapy and pet nutrition. Essential oils (EOs) are a group of complex substances with fat-soluble nature that are widely used. Melatonin is an indolic amine present in all living with amphiphilic nature. In this work, we present a review of the most relevant phytogenics (polyphenol, isoprenoid, and alkaloid compounds), their characteristics, and possible uses as nutraceuticals in dogs, with special emphasis on EOs and their regulatory aspects, applied in foods and topically. Additionally, a presentation of the importance of the use of melatonin in dogs is developed, giving physiological and practical aspects about its use in dog feeding and also in topical application, with examples and future projections. This review points to the combination of EOs and melatonin in food supplements and in the topical application as an innovative product and shows excellent perspectives aimed at addressing dysfunctions in pets, such as the treatment of stress and anxiety, sleep disorders, alopecia, and hair growth problems, among others.
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Effect of Melatonin in Broccoli Postharvest and Possible Melatonin Ingestion Level. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152000. [PMID: 35956477 PMCID: PMC9370688 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The post-harvest stage of broccoli production requires cold storage to obtain enough days of shelf life. It has been proved that melatonin is useful as a post-harvest agent in fruits and vegetables, including broccoli. In this study, the broccoli heads treated with melatonin have a longer shelf life than the control samples, which was reflected in parameters such as fresh weight, hue angle (expresses color quality), and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Treatments with 100 μM melatonin for 15 or 30 min seem to be the most appropriate, extending the broccoli’s shelf life to almost 42 days, when it is normally around 4 weeks. In addition, a study on the possible impact that melatonin treatments in broccoli could have on melatonin intake in humans is presented. The levels of superficial melatonin, called washing or residual melatonin, are measured, showing the possible incidence in estimated blood melatonin levels. Our results suggest that post-harvest treatments with melatonin do not have to be a handicap from a nutritional point of view, but more research is needed.
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Bhardwaj R, Aghdam MS, Arnao MB, Brecht JK, Fawole OA, Pareek S. Melatonin Alleviates Chilling Injury Symptom Development in Mango Fruit by Maintaining Intracellular Energy and Cell Wall and Membrane Stability. Front Nutr 2022; 9:936932. [PMID: 35845799 PMCID: PMC9280488 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.936932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of the signaling molecule melatonin for alleviating chilling injury (CI) in mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit was studied to investigate the potential role of membrane integrity, energy charge, and ripening-related changes in the development of CI, and its management by melatonin. ‘Langra’ and ‘Gulab Jamun’ cultivar mango fruit was immersed in 100 μM of melatonin before storage for 28 days at 5°C with weekly transfers to shelf life at 25°C. CI symptom development was associated with compositional and enzymatic aspects of textural changes, cell membrane deterioration, and chemical energy status. Melatonin-treated ‘Langra’ fruit exhibited very low CI (5 vs. 21%) while ‘Gulab Jamun’ fruit exhibited higher CI (36 vs. 38%) during 28 days of storage at 5 ± 1°C. Higher chilling tolerance in melatonin-treated ‘Langra’ was associated with lower softening, ascribed to lower cell wall degrading exo- and endo-polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, and endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase. In addition, lower membrane deteriorating-phospholipase D and lipoxygenase activity in melatonin-treated ‘Langra’ corresponded to lower palmitic and stearic acids and higher oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids accumulation, thus, higher unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio. Additionally, there was a higher intracellular energy supply with melatonin, represented by a higher adenylate energy charge (AEC) arising from higher ATP and ADP and lower AMP accumulation, related to higher H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c oxidase activities. This study for the first time provides evidence, suggesting that melatonin alleviation of CI is related to the preservation of membrane integrity, thereby protecting the intracellular energy supply, and preserving cell wall integrity via impeding cell wall degrading enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, India
| | | | - Marino Bañon Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jeffrey K. Brecht
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Olaniyi Amos Fawole
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Olaniyi Amos Fawole,
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, India
- Sunil Pareek,
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Ortíz GG, Briones-Torres AL, Benitez-King G, González-Ortíz LJ, Palacios-Magaña CV, Pacheco-Moisés FP. Beneficial Effect of Melatonin Alone or in Combination with Glatiramer Acetate and Interferon β-1b on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134217. [PMID: 35807462 PMCID: PMC9268121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a relevant animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play a major role in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Melatonin, a neurohormone, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our study was to assess the therapeutic properties of melatonin alone or in combination with interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b) or glatiramer acetate (GA) on EAE. EAE was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with an intraperitoneal injection of a homogenate of spinal cord and pig brain. At day 10 post immunization, rats were euthanized, and their brains were immediately excised and processed to measure oxidative stress markers and membrane fluidity. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines were quantified in plasma. Melatonin alone or in combination with GA and IFNβ-1b inhibited the disease process of EAE and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, caused a significant decrement in oxidative stress markers, and preserved the membrane fluidity in the motor cortex, midbrain, and spinal cord. The cumulative index score was significantly reduced in EAE rats treated with melatonin alone or in combination with GA and IFNβ-1b. In conclusion, our findings provide preclinical evidence for the use of melatonin as an adjuvant therapeutic treatment for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortíz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ana Laura Briones-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
| | - Gloria Benitez-King
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Luis Javier González-Ortíz
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
| | - Claudia Verónica Palacios-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
| | - Fermín Paul Pacheco-Moisés
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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