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Wang Y, Yang W, Ding K. Synergistic Ag/g-C 3N 4 H 2O 2 System for Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes. Molecules 2024; 29:3871. [PMID: 39202949 PMCID: PMC11357619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), known for being nontoxic, highly stable, and environmentally friendly, is extensively used in photocatalytic degradation technologies. Silver nanoparticles effectively capture the photogenerated electrons in g-C3N4, enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. This study primarily focused on synthesizing graphitic carbon nitride via thermal polymerization and depositing noble metal silver onto g-C3N4 through photoreduction. Methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) were targeted as the pollutants in the photocatalytic experiments under visible light in conjunction with a H2O2 system. The characteristics peaks, structure, and morphology were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). g-C3N4 loaded with 6% Ag exhibited superior photocatalytic performance; the photocatalytic fraction of the degraded materials of the MO and MB solutions reached 100% within 70 and 80 min, respectively, upon adding 1 mL and 2 mL of H2O2. ·OH and ·O2- were the primary active free radicals in the dye degradation process within the synergistic system. Stability tests also demonstrated that the photocatalyst maintained good reusability under the synergistic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China;
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Kun Ding
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China;
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Yang W, Ding K, Chen G, Wang H, Deng X. Synergistic Multisystem Photocatalytic Degradation of Anionic and Cationic Dyes Using Graphitic Phase Carbon Nitride. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062796. [PMID: 36985766 PMCID: PMC10051406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising photocatalytic environmental material. For this study, the graphitic phase carbon nitride was prepared using a thermal polymerization method. The characteristic peaks, structures, and morphologies were determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Under the synergetic visible light catalysis of H2O2 and Na2S2O8, the degradation effects of g-C3N4 on the anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and the cationic dye rhodamine b (Rhb) were investigated. The effects of adding different volumes of H2O2 and Na2S2O8 were likewise tested. The results showed that the above two synergistic systems increased the degradation rates of MO and Rhb by 2.5 and 3.5 times, respectively, compared with pure g-C3N4, and that the degradation rates of both MO and Rhb reached 100% within 120 min and 90 min, respectively, in accordance with the primary reaction kinetics. When H2O2 and Na2S2O8 were added dropwise at 10 mL each, the degradation rates of MO and Rhb were 82.22% and 99.81%, respectively, after 30 min of open light. The results of experiments upon both zeta potential and radical quenching showed that ·OH and ·O2− were the main active radicals for dye degradation in our synergistic system. In addition, stability tests showed that the photocatalysts in the synergistic system still had good reusability. Therefore, the use of a synergistic system can effectively reduce the photogenerated electron-hole pair complexation rate, representing a significant improvement in both photocatalytic degradation and for stability levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kun Ding
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Guangzhou Chen
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Utilization, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Utilization, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xinyue Deng
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Utilization, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
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Porcu S, Secci F, Ricci PC. Advances in Hybrid Composites for Photocatalytic Applications: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206828. [PMID: 36296421 PMCID: PMC9607189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysts have garnered extensive attention as a sustainable way for environmental remediation and energy storage process. Water splitting, solar energy conversion, and pollutant degradation are examples of nowadays applications where semiconductor-based photocatalysts represent a potentially disruptive technology. The exploitation of solar radiation for photocatalysis could generate a strong impact by decreasing the energy demand and simultaneously mitigating the impact of anthropogenic pollutants. However, most of the actual photocatalysts work only on energy radiation in the Near-UV region (<400 nm), and the studies and development of new photocatalysts with high efficiency in the visible range of the spectrum are required. In this regard, hybrid organic/inorganic photocatalysts have emerged as highly potential materials to drastically improve visible photocatalytic efficiency. In this review, we will analyze the state-of-art and the developments of hybrid photocatalysts for energy storage and energy conversion process as well as their application in pollutant degradation and water treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Porcu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. No. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Secci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, S.P. No. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. No. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070675-4821
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Wang Y, Wang H, Li Y, Zhang M, Zheng Y. Designing a 0D/1D S-Scheme Heterojunction of Cadmium Selenide and Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Water Splitting and Carbon Dioxide Reduction. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196286. [PMID: 36234822 PMCID: PMC9572265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constructing photocatalysts to promote hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide photoreduction into solar fuels is of vital importance. The design and establishment of an S-scheme heterojunction system is one of the most feasible approaches to facilitate the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers and obtain powerful photoredox capabilities for boosting photocatalytic performance. Herein, a zero-dimensional/one-dimensional S-scheme heterojunction composed of CdSe quantum dots and polymeric carbon nitride nanorods (CdSe/CN) is created and constructed via a linker-assisted hybridization approach. The CdSe/CN composites exhibit superior photocatalytic activity in water splitting and promoted carbon dioxide conversion performance compared with CN nanorods and CdSe quantum dots. The best efficiency in photocatalytic water splitting (10.2% apparent quantum yield at 420 nm irradiation, 20.1 mmol g−1 h−1 hydrogen evolution rate) and CO2 reduction (0.77 mmol g−1 h−1 CO production rate) was achieved by 5%CdSe/CN composites. The significantly improved photocatalytic reactivity of CdSe/CN composites primarily originates from the emergence of an internal electric field in the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional S-scheme heterojunction, which could greatly improve the photoinduced charge-carrier separation. This work underlines the possibility of employing polymeric carbon nitride nanostructures as appropriate platforms to establish highly active S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for solar fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingwen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment, School of Materials and Environment Engineering, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou 350300, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Synthesis of Porous Carbon Nitride Nanobelts for Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186054. [PMID: 36144786 PMCID: PMC9501476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable conversion of CO2 to fuels using solar energy is highly attractive for fuel production. This work focuses on the synthesis of porous graphitic carbon nitride nanobelt catalyst (PN-g-C3N4) and its capability of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The surface area increased from 6.5 m2·g-1 (graphitic carbon nitride, g-C3N4) to 32.94 m2·g-1 (PN-g-C3N4). C≡N groups and vacant N2C were introduced on the surface. PN-g-C3N4 possessed higher absorbability of visible light and excellent photocatalytic activity, which was 5.7 and 6.3 times of g-C3N4 under visible light and simulated sunlight illumination, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity may be owing to the porous nanobelt structure, enhanced absorbability of visible light, and surface vacant N-sites. It is expected that PN-g-C3N4 would be a promising candidate for CO2 photocatalytic conversion.
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