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Chelliah R, Park CR, Park SJ, Barathikannan K, Kim EJ, Wei S, Sultan G, Hirad AH, Vijayalakshmi S, Oh DH. Novel approach on the evaluation of enzyme-aided alkaline extraction of polysaccharide from Hordeum vulgare husk and molecular insight on the multifunctional scaffold. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134153. [DOI: https:/doi.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
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Chelliah R, Park CR, Park SJ, Barathikannan K, Kim EJ, Wei S, Sultan G, Hirad AH, Vijayalakshmi S, Oh DH. Novel approach on the evaluation of enzyme-aided alkaline extraction of polysaccharide from Hordeum vulgare husk and molecular insight on the multifunctional scaffold. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134153. [PMID: 39127270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Hordeum vulgare husk, a cereal grain, is rich in dietary fiber and prebiotics beneficial for the gut microbiota and host organism. This study investigates the effects of barley husk-derived water-soluble xylan (BH-WSX) on gut homeostasis and the microbiome. We enzymatically extracted BH-WSX and evaluated its prebiotic and antioxidant properties. A 40.0 % (w/v) xylan yield was achieved, with the extracted xylan having a molecular mass of 212.0885 and a xylose to glucuronic acid molar ratio of 6:1. Specialized optical rotation research indicated that the isolated xylan is composed of monomeric sugars such as D-xylose, glucose, and arabinose. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the xylan comprises β (1 → 4) linked xylose units, randomly substituted with glucose residues, α-arabinofuranose, and acetyl groups. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis showed that the barley husk extract's backbone is substituted with 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid at the O2 position. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that WSX exhibits a single sharp peak at 266 °C on the Differential Thermal Gravimetry (DTG) curve. Furthermore, a combination of in vitro, in vivo models, and molecular docking analysis elaborated on the anti-adhesion properties of BH-WSX. This study presents a novel approach to utilizing barley husk as an efficient source of functional polysaccharides for food-related industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea; Future F Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24341, South Korea; Saveetha School of Engineering, (SIMATS) University, Sriperumbudur, India; College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Centre of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chae Rin Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Kaliyan Barathikannan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea; Future F Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24341, South Korea; Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Centre of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ghazala Sultan
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea; Future F Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Deog Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea; Future F Biotech Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
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Maati J, Prazeres DM, Grąz M, Wiater A, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Smaali I. Heteroxylan hydrolysis by a recombinant cellulase-free GH10 xylanase from the alkaliphilic bacterium Halalkalibacterium halodurans C-125. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:261. [PMID: 38753095 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The search for affordable enzymes with exceptional characteristics is fundamental to overcoming industrial and environmental constraints. In this study, a recombinant GH10 xylanase (Xyn10-HB) from the extremely alkaliphilic bacterium Halalkalibacterium halodurans C-125 cultivated at pH 10 was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). Removal of the signal peptide improved the expression, and an overall activity of 8 U/mL was obtained in the cell-free supernatant. The molecular weight of purified Xyn10-HB was estimated to be 42.6 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was active across a wide pH range (5-10) with optimal activity recorded at pH 8.5 and 60 °C. It also presented good stability with a half-life of 3 h under these conditions. Substrate specificity studies showed that Xyn10-HB is a cellulase-free enzyme that conventionally hydrolyse birchwood and oat spelts xylans (Apparent Km of 0.46 mg/mL and 0.54 mg/mL, respectively). HPLC analysis showed that both xylans hydrolysis produced xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with a degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from 2 to 9. The conversion yield was 77% after 24 h with xylobiose and xylotriose as the main end-reaction products. When assayed on alkali-extracted wheat straw heteroxylan, the Xyn10-HB produced active XOS with antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH radical scavenging method (IC50 of 0.54 mg/mL after 4 h). Owing to its various characteristics, Xyn10-HB xylanase is a promising candidate for multiple biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Maati
- University of Carthage, Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB-LR11ES24), INSAT-BP 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia
| | - Duarte Miguel Prazeres
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences-iBB, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute for Health and Bioeconomy-li4HB, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcin Grąz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Issam Smaali
- University of Carthage, Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB-LR11ES24), INSAT-BP 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunisia.
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Dhaver P, Pletschke B, Sithole B, Govinden R. Optimization of Xylooligosaccharides Production by Native and Recombinant Xylanase Hydrolysis of Chicken Feed Substrates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17110. [PMID: 38069432 PMCID: PMC10707560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry production faces several challenges, with feed efficiency being the main factor that can be influenced through the use of different nutritional strategies. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are functional feed additives that are attracting growing commercial interest due to their excellent ability to modulate the composition of the gut microbiota. The aim of the study was to apply crude and purified fungal xylanases, from Trichoderma harzianum, as well as a recombinant glycoside hydrolase family 10 xylanase, derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T6, as additives to locally produced chicken feeds. A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the reducing sugar yield. Response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that reducing sugars were higher (8.05 mg/mL, 2.81 mg/mL and 2.98 mg/mL) for the starter feed treated with each of the three enzymes compared to the treatment with grower feed (3.11 mg/mL, 2.41 mg/mL and 2.62 mg/mL). The hydrolysis products were analysed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and showed that the enzymes hydrolysed the chicken feeds, producing a range of monosaccharides (arabinose, mannose, glucose, and galactose) and XOS, with xylobiose being the predominant XOS. These results show promising data for future applications as additives to poultry feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyashini Dhaver
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Brett Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda (Grahamstown) 6140, South Africa;
| | - Bruce Sithole
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Roshini Govinden
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
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Zhang X, Miao Q, Tang B, Mijakovic I, Ji XJ, Qu L, Wei Y. Discovery of novel alkaline-tolerant xylanases from fecal microbiota of dairy cows. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:182. [PMID: 38012750 PMCID: PMC10683242 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are considered as a promising type of prebiotics that can be used in foods, feeds, and healthcare products. Xylanases play a key role in the production of XOS from xylan. In this study, we conducted a metagenomic analysis of the fecal microbiota from dairy cows fed with different types of fodders. Despite the diversity in their diets, the main phyla observed in all fecal microbiota were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, one group of dairy cows that were fed probiotic fermented herbal mixture-containing fodders displayed decreased abundance of Methanobrevibacter and increased growth of beneficial Akkermansia bacteria. Additionally, this group exhibited a high microbial richness and diversity. Through our analysis, we obtained a comprehensive dataset comprising over 280,000 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes. Among these, we identified a total of 163 potential xylanase genes and subsequently expressed 34 of them in Escherichia coli. Out of the 34 expressed genes, two alkaline xylanases with excellent temperature stability and pH tolerance were obtained. Notably, CDW-xyl-8 exhibited xylanase activity of 96.1 ± 7.5 U/mg protein, with an optimal working temperature of 55 ℃ and optimal pH of 8.0. CDW-xyl-16 displayed an activity of 427.3 ± 9.1 U/mg protein with an optimal pH of 8.5 and an optimal temperature at 40 ℃. Bioinformatic analyses and structural modeling suggest that CDW-xyl-8 belongs to GH10 family xylanase, and CDW-xyl-16 is a GH11 family xylanase. Both enzymes have the ability to hydrolyze beechwood xylan and produce XOS. In conclusion, this metagenomic study provides valuable insights into the fecal microbiota composition of dairy cows fed different fodder types, revealing main microbial groups and demonstrating the abundance of xylanases. Furthermore, the characterization of two novel xylanases highlights their potential application in XOS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qin Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bingling Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongjun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Garg D, Samota MK, Kontis N, Patel N, Bala S, Rosado AS. Revolutionizing biofuel generation: Unleashing the power of CRISPR-Cas mediated gene editing of extremophiles. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127443. [PMID: 37399654 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biology techniques like gene editing have altered the specific genes in micro-organisms to increase their efficiency to produce biofuels. This review paper investigates the outcomes of Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) for gene editing in extremophilic micro-organisms to produce biofuel. Commercial production of biofuel from lignocellulosic waste is limited due to various constraints. A potential strategy to enhance the capability of extremophiles to produce biofuel is gene-editing via CRISPR-Cas technology. The efficiency of intracellular enzymes like cellulase, hemicellulose in extremophilic bacteria, fungi and microalgae has been increased by alteration of genes associated with enzymatic activity and thermotolerance. extremophilic microbes like Thermococcus kodakarensis, Thermotoga maritima, Thermus thermophilus, Pyrococcus furiosus and Sulfolobus sp. are explored for biofuel production. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels involves pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation. The challenges like off-target effect associated with use of extremophiles for biofuel production is also addressed. The appropriate regulations are required to maximize effectiveness while minimizing off-target cleavage, as well as the total biosafety of this technique. The latest discovery of the CRISPR-Cas system should provide a new channel in the creation of microbial biorefineries through site- specific gene editing that might boost the generation of biofuels from extremophiles. Overall, this review study highlights the potential for genome editing methods to improve the potential of extremophiles to produce biofuel, opening the door to more effective and environmentally friendly biofuel production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Nicholas Kontis
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah 23955, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and, Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niketan Patel
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah 23955, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and, Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saroj Bala
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Alexandre Soares Rosado
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah 23955, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and, Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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Luo H, Liu X, Yu D, Yuan J, Tan J, Li H. Research Progress on Lignocellulosic Biomass Degradation Catalyzed by Enzymatic Nanomaterials. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200566. [PMID: 35862657 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomass (LCB) has extensive applications in many fields such as bioenergy, food, medicines, and raw materials for producing value-added products. One of the keys to efficient utilization of LCB is to obtain directly available oligo- and monomers (e.g., glucose). With the characteristics of easy recovery and separation, high efficiency, economy, and environmental protection, immobilized enzymes have been developed as heterogeneous catalysts to degrade LCB effectively. In this review, applications and mechanisms of LCB-degrading enzymes are discussed, and the nanomaterials and methods used to immobilize enzymes are also discussed. Finally, the research progress of lignocellulose biodegradation catalyzed by nano-enzymes was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Luo
- Guiyang University, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Guiyang University, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, CHINA
| | - Dayong Yu
- Guiyang University, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, CHINA
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Guizhou University, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Jinyu Tan
- Guizhou University, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, CHINA
| | - Hu Li
- Guizhou University, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Huaxi Street, 550025, Guiyang, CHINA
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