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Bastida-Ramírez LJ, Buendía-González L, Mejía-Argueta EL, Sandoval-Cabrera A, García-Fabila MM, Pavón-Romero SH, Padua-Ahumada M, Santillán-Benítez JG. Lippia origanoides and Thymus vulgaris Essential Oils Synergize with Ampicillin against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1702. [PMID: 39203544 PMCID: PMC11357574 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Could compounds such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes present in essential plant oils inhibit bacterial growth as an alternative to help mitigate bacterial resistance? The purpose of this study is evaluating the in vitro antibacterial effect of Lippia organoides EO (LEO) and Thymus vulgaris EO (TEO), individually and in combination with ampicillin, against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains; (2) Methods: Experimental in vitro design with post-test. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC. ESBL-producing E. coli strains used were selected from urine cultures and the blaCTX-M and blaTEM resistance genes were identified by end point PCR. The disk diffusion method was used for the susceptibility tests. The MICs and MBCs were determined by microdilution test. Finally, the interaction effect was observed by checkerboard assay; (3) Results: A 39.9% decrease in the growth of the strain thymol in TEO and 70.4% in carvacrol in LEO was shown, observing inhibition halos of 32 mm for both EOs. MICs of 632 and 892 μg/mL for LEO and 738 and 940 μg/mL for TEO were determined. Finally, it was observed that, at low doses, there is a synergistic effect between TEO + LEO and EOs + ampicillin; (4) Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that TEO and LEO have an inhibitory effect on ESBL-producing E. coli, suggesting that they are candidates for further studies in the formulation of antibiotics to reduce bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Jafet Bastida-Ramírez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca C.P. 50120, Mexico; (L.J.B.-R.); (E.L.M.-A.); (M.M.G.-F.); (S.H.P.-R.)
| | | | - Euridice Ladisu Mejía-Argueta
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca C.P. 50120, Mexico; (L.J.B.-R.); (E.L.M.-A.); (M.M.G.-F.); (S.H.P.-R.)
| | - Antonio Sandoval-Cabrera
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca C.P. 50180, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Alta Especialidad Hemato-Oncología, Hospital para el Niño, Instituto Materno Infantil del Estado de México, Toluca C.P. 50170, Mexico
| | - María Magdalena García-Fabila
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca C.P. 50120, Mexico; (L.J.B.-R.); (E.L.M.-A.); (M.M.G.-F.); (S.H.P.-R.)
| | - Sergio Humberto Pavón-Romero
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca C.P. 50120, Mexico; (L.J.B.-R.); (E.L.M.-A.); (M.M.G.-F.); (S.H.P.-R.)
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Aouadhi C, Jouini A, Maaroufi K, Maaroufi A. Antibacterial Effect of Eight Essential Oils against Bacteria Implicated in Bovine Mastitis and Characterization of Primary Action Mode of Thymus capitatus Essential Oil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:237. [PMID: 38534672 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the current investigation, eight essential oils (EOs) were tested for their antimicrobial activity against six species, belonging to the genus of staphylococcus, multi-resistant to antibiotics (S. epidermidis, S. cohni, S. wareneri, S. scuiri, S. chromogenes, S. pasteuri), three methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) and two strains of Escherichia coli, producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) responsible for bovine mastitis. Our results indicated that the antimicrobial activities of eight EOs varied significantly among the types of EOs and bacterial species. Thymus capitatus and Trachyspermum ammi EOs display important antibacterial activity against all tested strains, with the inhibition zone diameters situated between 20 and 45 mm, while EOs of Artemisia absinthium, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Myrtus communis and Mentha pulegium exerted an intermediate activity. For Cymbopogon citratus, this effect depends on bacteria species. In fact, an important effect was observed against S. warneri, S. epidermidis, S. cohenii, S. pasteuri and MRSA (EC 39+) strains. In addition, the important lytic effect was observed against MRSA strains, showing that Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to T. capitatus EO than Gram-negative ones. Concerning the characterization of the mode action of T. capitatus, experiments of kill-time, bacteriolytic, loss of salt tolerance and loss of cytoplasmic material showed that the used EO was able to destroy cell walls and membranes followed by the loss of vital intracellular materials. In addition, it inhibits the normal synthesis of DNA, causing the bacterial death of E. coli and MRSA strains. This study shows the potential of using of EOs, particularly T. capitaus, to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria multi-resistant to antibiotics causing bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chedia Aouadhi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia (IPT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia (IPT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Karima Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Bio-Resources Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 9000, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Tunisia (IPT), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), BP 74, 13 Place Pasteur, Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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Septama AW, Yuandani Y, Khairunnisa NA, Nasution HR, Utami DS, Kristiana R, Jantan I. Antibacterial, bacteriolytic, antibiofilm, and synergistic effects of the peel oils of Citrus microcarpa and Citrus x amblycarpa with tetracycline against foodborne Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad126. [PMID: 37898554 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Citrus essential oils (EOs) have shown significant antibacterial activity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the peel oils of Citrus microcarpa and C. x amblycarpa against Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined by using the broth microdilution assay. The checkerboard method was used to identify synergistic effects of the EOs with tetracycline, while bacteriolysis was assessed by calculating the optical density of the bacterial supernatant, crystal violet assay was used to assess their antibiofilm. Ethidium bromide accumulation test was employed to assess efflux pump inhibition. Electron microscope analysis was performed to observe its morphological changes. The EOs of C. microcarpa and C. x amblycarpa were found to contain D-limonene major compound at 55.78% and 46.7%, respectively. Citrus microcarpa EOs exhibited moderate antibacterial against E. coli with a MIC value of 200 μg/mL. The combination of C. microcarpa oil (7.8 μg/mL) and tetracycline (62.5 μg/mL) exhibited a synergy with FICI of 0.5. This combination inhibited biofilm formation and disrupt bacterial cell membranes. Citrus microcarpa EOs blocked the efflux pumps in E. coli. Citrus microcarpa EOs demonstrated promising antibacterial activity, which can be further explored for the development of drugs to combat E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi W Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yuandani Yuandani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nur A Khairunnisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Halimah R Nasution
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Dinda S Utami
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rhesi Kristiana
- Marine Education and Research Organisation (MERO) Foundation. Br. Dinas Muntig, Kara 80853ngasem, Bali , Indonesia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Badescu B, Buda V, Romanescu M, Lombrea A, Danciu C, Dalleur O, Dohou AM, Dumitrascu V, Cretu O, Licker M, Muntean D. Current State of Knowledge Regarding WHO Critical Priority Pathogens: Mechanisms of Resistance and Proposed Solutions through Candidates Such as Essential Oils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1789. [PMID: 35890423 PMCID: PMC9319935 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has become a global health threat and an economic burden in providing adequate and effective treatment for many infections. This large-scale concern has emerged mainly due to mishandling of antibiotics (ABs) and has resulted in the rapid expansion of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Nowadays, there is an urgent need for more potent, non-toxic and effective antimicrobial agents against MDR strains. In this regard, clinicians, pharmacists, microbiologists and the entire scientific community are encouraged to find alternative solutions in treating infectious diseases cause by these strains. In its "10 global issues to track in 2021", the World Health Organization (WHO) has made fighting drug resistance a priority. It has also issued a list of bacteria that are in urgent need for new ABs. Despite all available resources, researchers are unable to keep the pace of finding novel ABs in the face of emerging MDR strains. Traditional methods are increasingly becoming ineffective, so new approaches need to be considered. In this regard, the general tendency of turning towards natural alternatives has reinforced the interest in essential oils (EOs) as potent antimicrobial agents. Our present article aims to first review the main pathogens classified by WHO as critical in terms of current AMR. The next objective is to summarize the most important and up-to-date aspects of resistance mechanisms to classical antibiotic therapy and to compare them with the latest findings regarding the efficacy of alternative essential oil therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Badescu
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Valentina Buda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Phamacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mirabela Romanescu
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Adelina Lombrea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Phamacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Phamacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Olivia Dalleur
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (O.D.); (A.M.D.)
| | - Angele Modupe Dohou
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (O.D.); (A.M.D.)
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 188, Benin
| | - Victor Dumitrascu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.D.); (O.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Octavian Cretu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.D.); (O.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Monica Licker
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.D.); (O.C.); (M.L.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Delia Muntean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Phamacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (V.D.); (O.C.); (M.L.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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