Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of New 3-Methylidene-1-sulfonyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones

Quinolin-4-ones: Methods of Synthesis and Application in Medicine

Quinolinones, also called quinolones, are a group of heterocyclic compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activities. These compounds occur naturally in plants and microorganisms but can also be obtained synthetically. The first synthesis of quinolinones took place at the end of the 19th century, and the most recent methods were published just a few years ago. They allow for obtaining an unlimited number of analogs differing in biological properties. In this review, we described the plethora of methods leading to quinolin-4-ones. Several of these compounds have been used as antibiotics for over four decades, but recently, their antiproliferative effects have been of particular interest to researchers. This review summarizes the experimental progress made in the synthetic development of various routes leading to quinoline-4-ones and presents an overview of the structures, their evolution, and their relation to activity.

Synthesis And Anticancer Activity Of New Hybrid 3-Methylidene-2,3-Dihydro-1,8-Naphthyridinones

Synthesis of molecular hybrids, obtained by combination of two or more pharmacophoric groups of different bioactive substances in order to produce more efficient drugs, is now a frequently used approach in medicinal chemistry. Following this strategy, we synthetized a library of 3-methylidene-1-tosyl-2,3-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-ones, combining a 1,8-naphthyridin-4-one motif with an exo-methylidene bond conjugated with a carbonyl group, pharmacophoric units that are present in many natural, biologically active compounds with anticancer potential. We reasoned that such bifunctional conjugates may have enhanced cytotoxic activity. The title compounds were synthesized in a four step reaction sequence. β-Ketophosphonate, obtained from methyl N-tosylnicotinate and diethyl methylphosphonate, was reacted with various aldehydes giving 3-diethoxyphosphoryl-2,3-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-ones as keto-enol tautomers. Later, these compounds were transformed into 3-methylidene-1-tosyl-2,3-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-ones applying the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons methodology. Then, the cytotoxicity of the new compounds was assessed on two cancer cell lines, promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and breast cancer adenocarcinoma MCF-7, and for comparison, on human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVEC. The most active and selective analog, 2-ethyl-3-methylidene-1-tosyl-2,3-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-one 4 a was chosen for more detailed studies on HL-60 cell line, to determine molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity. It was shown that 4 a strongly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis which could be attributed to its ability to cause DNA damage.