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Kumar D, Aggarwal N, Kumar V, Chopra H, Marwaha RK, Sharma R. Emerging synthetic strategies and pharmacological insights of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives: a comprehensive review. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:563-581. [PMID: 38353003 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review meticulously examines the synthesis techniques for 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives, focusing on cyclization, condensation reactions and functional group transformations. It enhances the understanding of these chemical methods that re crucial for tailoring derivative properties and functionalities. This study is considered to be vital for researchers, detailing established effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and revealing emerging pharmacological potentials such as neuroprotective, antiviral and antidiabetic properties. It also discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. In addition, this article covers structure-activity relationship studies and computational modelling that are essential for designing potent, selective 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds. This work lays a foundation for future research and targeted therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Navidha Aggarwal
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be a university), Mullana, 133207, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Marwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
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Moustafa AHE, Seleim SM, Abdel-Rahman HH, Embaby AM, Omar AZ. Functionalization Strategies for Electropolishing Process of Carbon Steel Using Novel Quinazoline-4-one Derivatives: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and DFT Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30949-30965. [PMID: 37663470 PMCID: PMC10468978 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of organic electropolishing (EP) inhibitors, entitled quinazoline-4-one derivatives (benzylidene oxoquinazolineyl acetohydrazide (BOA)), has laid a solid foundation for the creation of a new efficient inhibitor platform for the dissolution of carbon steel (C-steel) in 8 M H3PO4. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, and elemental analyses have all been employed to identify BOA's functional groups, components, and active centers. The inhibition strength of BOA derivatives (m-NBOA, p-HBOA, and p-BBOA) on C-steel was assured by galvanostatic polarization measurements. Within the range of concentrations (0.33-3.43 × 10-3 mol/L) and temperatures (298-313 K) evaluated, the tested derivatives exhibit extraordinarily high gloss and low roughness, and improved the corrosion resistance of the electropolished surface with the lowest negative environmental impact. The dissolution rate (IL) decreases with increasing BOA concentration, supporting a mass transport-controlled technique and demonstrating that BOA is appropriate for anodic inhibitors. Activation energy indicates physical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated for further investigation of the heat involved and the mechanism of the EP process. Adsorption isotherm and adsorption thermodynamics parameters were discussed using three models: Langmuir, Flory-Huggins, and kinetic adsorption isotherms, to study the inhibition of EP of the steel surface. The free energy of adsorption was calculated to assert the physisorption process. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to inspect the morphology of the metal surface before and after the inclusion of BOA under different conditions. In contrast, the surface roughness was identified using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and reflectance. Eventually, practical results have been proved through computational calculations using the LYP correlation functional by the density functional theory (DFT) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira H. E. Moustafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty
of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Seleim M. Seleim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty
of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H. Abdel-Rahman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty
of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. Embaby
- Chemistry Department, Faculty
of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Alaa Z. Omar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty
of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
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Omar AZ, Alazmi ML, Alsubaie MS, Hamed EA, Ahmed HA, El-Atawy MA. Synthesis of New Liquid-Crystalline Compounds Based on Terminal Benzyloxy Group: Characterization, DFT and Mesomorphic Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093804. [PMID: 37175214 PMCID: PMC10179744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the terminal benzyloxy group on the mesomorphic properties of liquid crystalline materials developed from rod-like Schiff base has been described. For this objective, a novel Schiff base liquid crystal family, specifically new series of Schiff base liquid crystals, namely, (E)-4-(alkyloxy)-N-(4-(benzyloxy)benzylidene)aniline, In, are prepared and investigated in detail. The length of the terminal alkyloxy chain (n) varies amongst the compounds in the series. Where n varies between 6, 8 and 16 carbons. At the other end of the compounds, benzyloxy moiety was attached. The molecular structures of all synthesized compounds were established using different spectroscopic techniques. The molecular self-assembly was explored using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM). Depending on the length of the terminal alkyloxy chain, only one type of SmA phase with different stability was observed. The previously reported para-substituted systems and the present investigated compounds were compared and discussed. The calculated quantum chemical parameters were computationally correlated using the DFT method via the B3LYP 6-311G(d,p) basis set. The theoretical computations revealed that the length of the alkyl side chain influences the zero-point energy, reactivity and other estimated thermodynamic parameters of benzoyloxy/azomethine derivatives. Furthermore, the FMO energy analysis shows that molecule I16 have higher HOMO energies than the other compounds, and I6 has a much lower LUMO level than the rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Z Omar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Mohammed L Alazmi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Mai S Alsubaie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Ezzat A Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12613, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Atawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia
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Diverse Biological Activities of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Scaffold. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of 1,3,4-thiadiazole is one of the most interesting scaffolds for synthesizing new drug molecules due to their numerous pharmacological activities. Several modifications in the thiadiazole ring have been made, proving it to be more potent and highly effective with a less toxic scaffold for various biological activities. There are several marketed drugs containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring in their structure. In this review article, we have tried to compile the newly synthesized 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives possessing important pharmaceutical significance since 2014.
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Synthesis, Molecular Docking Study, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Some Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazole as Well as 1,3-Thiazole Derivatives Bearing a Pyridine Moiety. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196368. [PMID: 36234908 PMCID: PMC9572991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridine, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 1,3-thiazole derivatives have various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antitubercular, as well as other anticipated biological properties, including anticancer activity. The starting 1-(3-cyano-4,6-dimethyl-2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)-3-phenylthiourea (2) was prepared and reacted with various hydrazonoyl halides 3a–h, α-haloketones 5a–d, 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione 7a and ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxobutanoate 7b, which afforded the 3-aryl-5-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles 4a–h, 3-phenyl-4-arylthiazoles 6a–d and the 4-methyl-3- phenyl-5-substituted thiazoles 8a,b, respectively. The structures of the synthesized products were confirmed by spectral data. All of the compounds also showed remarkable anticancer activity against the cell line of human colon carcinoma (HTC-116) as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) compared with the Harmine as a reference under in vitro condition. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole 4h was found to be most promising and an excellent performer against both cancer cell lines (IC50 = 2.03 ± 0.72 and 2.17 ± 0.83 µM, respectively), better than the reference drug (IC50 = 2.40 ± 0.12 and 2.54 ± 0.82 µM, respectively). In order to check the binding modes of the above thiadiazole derivatives, molecular docking studies were performed that established a binding site with EGFR TK.
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El-Atawy MA, Alshaye NA, Elrubi N, Hamed EA, Omar AZ. Pyrimidines-Based Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis, Cytoxicity Evaluation and Molecular Docking. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154912. [PMID: 35956864 PMCID: PMC9370056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of structurally different pyrimidines were synthesized. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used to confirm the chemical structures of all prepared compounds. The synthesized pyrimidines were screened against the growth of five human cancer cell lines (prostate carcinoma PC3, liver carcinoma HepG-2, human colon cancer HCT-116, human breast cancer MCF-7, human lung cancer A-549), and normal human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) using MTT assay. Most of the screened pyrimidines have anti-proliferative activity on the growth of the PC3 cell line. Compounds 3b and 3d were more potent than the reference vinblastine sulfate (~2 to 3 × fold) and they can be considered promising leads for treating prostate cancer disease. Moreover, the screened compounds 3b, 3f, 3g, 3h, and 5 were assessed according to the values of their selectivity index (SI) and were found to be more selective and safer than vinblastine sulfate. Furthermore, using in silico computational tools, the physicochemical properties of all pyrimidine ligands were assessed, and the synthesized compounds fall within the criteria of RO5, thus having the potential to be orally bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. El-Atawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (N.E.); (E.A.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.-A.); (A.Z.O.); Tel.: +966-569-191-532 (M.A.E.-A.); +20-111-136-1784 (A.Z.O.)
| | - Najla A. Alshaye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nada Elrubi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (N.E.); (E.A.H.)
| | - Ezzat A. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (N.E.); (E.A.H.)
| | - Alaa Z. Omar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (N.E.); (E.A.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.-A.); (A.Z.O.); Tel.: +966-569-191-532 (M.A.E.-A.); +20-111-136-1784 (A.Z.O.)
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