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Wesoly M, Daulton E, Jenkins S, van Amsterdam S, Clarkson J, Covington JA. Early Detection of Fusarium Basal Rot Infection in Onions and Shallots Based on VOC Profiles Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3664-3672. [PMID: 38320984 PMCID: PMC10885136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Gas chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology is drawing increasing attention due to its high sensitivity, low drift, and capability for the identification of compounds. The noninvasive detection of plant pests and pathogens is an application area well suited to this technology. In this work, we employed GC-IMS technology for early detection of Fusarium basal rot in brown onion, red onion, and shallot bulbs and for tracking disease progression during storage. The volatile profiles of the infected and healthy control bulbs were characterized using GC-IMS and gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). GC-IMS data combined with principal component analysis and supervised methods provided discrimination between infected and healthy control bulbs as early as 1 day after incubation with the pathogen, classification regarding the proportion of infected to healthy bulbs in a sample, and prediction of the infection's duration with an average R2 = 0.92. Furthermore, GC-TOF-MS revealed several compounds, mostly sulfides and disulfides, that could be uniquely related to Fusarium basal rot infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Wesoly
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Emma Daulton
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry Cv4 7AL, U.K
| | - Sascha Jenkins
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, U.K
| | | | - John Clarkson
- Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, U.K
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Shen H, Wang Y, Shi P, Li H, Chen Y, Hu T, Yu Y, Wang J, Yang F, Luo H, Yu L. Effects of the Species and Growth Stage on the Antioxidant and Antifungal Capacities, Polyphenol Contents, and Volatile Profiles of Bamboo Leaves. Foods 2024; 13:480. [PMID: 38338615 PMCID: PMC10855892 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bamboo leaves contain high concentrations of various biologically active compounds, such as polyphenols and volatiles, making them attractive as raw resources for antioxidant additives in the food industry. Here, we investigated the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four bamboo leaf extracts from two species (Phyllostachys edulis and Chimonocalamus delicatus) at two growth stages (first and second years). Antioxidant capacity was determined based on the radical-scavenging capacity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+). We also assessed the antifungal capacity based on mycelial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum musae (C. musae), Botrytis cinerea (B. cinereain), and Alternaria alternata (A. alternata). Pearson's correlation coefficients showed that the TPC was significantly (p < 0.01) negatively correlated with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations against DPPH and ABTS+, whereas the TFC was positively correlated with C. musae and B. cinereain growth inhibition, which suggest that TPC and TFC might be the major contributors to the antioxidant and antifungal capacities of bamboo leaves, respectively. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of bamboo leaves were also analyzed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. The VOCs included twenty-four aldehydes, eleven alcohols, four furans, seven esters, fifteen terpenes, three ketones, one pyrazine, and thirty unidentified compounds. Principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed to assess the differences in the volatile profiles of the four bamboo leaf samples, from which 23 discriminatory VOCs with variable importance in the projection values > 1 were screened, and part of them were impacted by species or growth stage. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the use of bamboo leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Pingping Shi
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Hong Li
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Tenggen Hu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (T.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuanshan Yu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (T.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Datong University, Datong 037054, China;
| | - Fang Yang
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Lijuan Yu
- Agro-Products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650221, China; (H.S.); (Y.W.); (P.S.); (H.L.); (F.Y.)
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Romanowska-Duda Z, Janas R, Grzesik M, van Duijn B. Valorization of sorghum ash with digestate and biopreparations in the development biomass of plants in a closed production system of energy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18604. [PMID: 37903894 PMCID: PMC10616079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacing chemical fertilizers with non-toxic waste that meet all fertilizing purposes, including ash from plant biomass and their management is becoming the important goal of sustainable agriculture concerning energy plants production in a closed system. This study aims to explore a novel strategy for utilizing natural sorghum ash together with digestate and ecological compounds, to replace synthetic fertilizers, for the energy plant development improvement and thus reduction of the environment pollution. Sorghum, as an energy plant, cultivated in low quality sandy and podzolic soils, in Central and North Poland climate, was fertilized with different doses of YaraMila Complex, a synthetic fertilizer (0, 150, 300 kg ha-1 Each dose was supplemented with different amounts of sorghum ash (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 t ha-1), used alone or with addition of APOL-HUMUS (soil improver; 10 L ha-1), biogas plant digestate (30 m3 ha-1) and Stymjod (nano-organic leaf fertilizer; 5 L ha-1). Added to each YaraMila Complex dose, the applied ash amounts (optimally 2-4 t ha-1), increased growth of plants, crop biomass, index of chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, content of intercellular CO2, activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase, RNase and dehydrogenase and energy properties. Sorghum ash used with the lesser YaraMila Complex doses of 0 or 150 kg ha-1 caused the enhanced growth of plants more than the doubled YaraMila Complex amounts applied alone (150 or 300 kg ha-1, correspondingly). Additionally, applied biogas plant digestate, APOL-HUMUS and Stymjod further increased the plant growth. This indicates that the application of natural sorghum ash accelerates energy plant development, can reduce by half the recommended synthetic fertilizer doses on poor and marginal soil and enables the cultivation of sorghum in a closed production cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisława Romanowska-Duda
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Regina Janas
- Cultivar Testing, Nursery and Gene Bank Resources Department, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Grzesik
- Cultivar Testing, Nursery and Gene Bank Resources Department, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Bert van Duijn
- Plant Biodynamics Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Fytagoras, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kate A, Tiwari S, Gujar JP, Modhera B, Tripathi MK, Ray H, Ghosh A, Mohapatra D. Spotting of Volatile Signatures through GC-MS Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Stored Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Foods 2023; 12:foods12102083. [PMID: 37238902 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Potatoes inoculated with Pectobacterium carotovorum spp., Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger, along with healthy (control) samples, were stored at different storage temperatures (4 ± 1 °C, 8 ± 1 °C, 25 ± 1 °C) for three weeks. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were mapped using the headspace gas analysis through solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy every week. The VOC data were arranged into different groups and classified using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models. Based on a variable importance in projection (VIP) score > 2 and the heat map, prominent VOCs were identified as 1-butanol and 1-hexanol, which can act as biomarkers for Pectobacter related bacterial spoilage during storage of potatoes in different conditions. Meanwhile, hexadecanoic acid and acetic acid were signature VOCs for A. flavus, and hexadecane, undecane, tetracosane, octadecanoic acid, tridecene and undecene were associated with A. niger. The PLS-DA model performed better at classifying the VOCs of the three different species of infection and the control sample compared to PCA, with high values of R2 (96-99%) and Q2 (0.18-0.65). The model was also found to be reliable for predictability during random permutation test-based validation. This approach can be adopted for fast and accurate diagnosis of pathogenic invasion of potatoes during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinath Kate
- ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, India
| | - Shikha Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, India
| | | | - Bharat Modhera
- Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Tripathi
- ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, India
| | - Hena Ray
- Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Alokesh Ghosh
- Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Debabandya Mohapatra
- ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462038, India
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Steglińska A, Sulyok M, Janas R, Grzesik M, Liszkowska W, Kręgiel D, Gutarowska B. Metabolite Formation by Fungal Pathogens of Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in the Presence of Bioprotective Agents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5221. [PMID: 36982130 PMCID: PMC10049107 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potato is a crop of global importance for the food industry. This is why effective protection against pathogens is so important. Fungi as potato pathogens are responsible for plant diseases and a significant reduction in yields, as well as for the formation of mycotoxins. This study focuses on the effect of three natural biocides, yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima, lactic acid bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and aqueous garlic extract, on the improvement of the physiology of planted potato tubers and the reduction in mycotoxin formation. The secondary metabolites produced by the fungal pathogens of genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Rhizoctonia, and Phoma in the presence of these biocontrol agents were compared to profiles obtained from contaminated potatoes. Analysis of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry data showed the presence of 68 secondary metabolites, including the mycotoxins: alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, altertoxin-I, aurofusarin, beauvericin, diacetoxyscirpenol, enniatin B, and sterigmatocystin. The studies showed that the applied biocontrol agents had a positive effect on the physiological parameters of potatoes (including root growth, stem growth, gas exchange, and chlorophyll content index) and on the reduction in the production of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites by Fusarium, Alternaria, and Phoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Steglińska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-950 Łódź, Poland; (W.L.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Regina Janas
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (R.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Mieczysław Grzesik
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland; (R.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Wiktoria Liszkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-950 Łódź, Poland; (W.L.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-950 Łódź, Poland; (W.L.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-950 Łódź, Poland; (W.L.); (D.K.); (B.G.)
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de Moraes Pontes JG, da Silva Pinheiro MS, Fill TP. Unveiling Chemical Interactions Between Plants and Fungi Using Metabolomics Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1439:1-20. [PMID: 37843803 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41741-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has been extensively used in clinical studies in the search for new biomarkers of human diseases. However, this approach has also been highlighted in agriculture and biological sciences, once metabolomics studies have been assisting researchers to deduce new chemical mechanisms involved in biological interactions that occur between microorganisms and plants. In this sense, the knowledge of the biological role of each metabolite (virulence factors, signaling compounds, antimicrobial metabolites, among others) and the affected biochemical pathways during the interaction contribute to a better understand of different ecological relationships established in nature. The current chapter addresses five different applications of the metabolomics approach in fungal-plant interactions research: (1) Discovery of biomarkers in pathogen-host interactions, (2) plant diseases diagnosis, (3) chemotaxonomy, (4) plant defense, and (5) plant resistance; using mass spectrometry and/or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which are the techniques most used in metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme de Moraes Pontes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Biologia Química Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Suelen da Silva Pinheiro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Biologia Química Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Taícia Pacheco Fill
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Biologia Química Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Liu X, Wang X, Cheng Y, Wu Y, Yan Y, Li Z. Variations in volatile organic compounds in Zhenyuan Daocai samples at different storage durations evaluated using E-nose, E-tongue, gas chromatography, and spectrometry. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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