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He B, Guo J, Tong HHY, To WM. Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery: A Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1353-1367. [PMID: 38243944 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575271267231123160503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Drug discovery is a complex and iterative process, making it ideal for using artificial intelligence (AI). This paper uses a bibliometric approach to reveal AI's trend and underlying structure in drug discovery (AIDD). A total of 4310 journal articles and reviews indexed in Scopus were analyzed, revealing that AIDD has been rapidly growing over the past two decades, with a significant increase after 2017. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were the leading countries in research output, with academic institutions, particularly the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Cambridge, being the most productive. In addition, industrial companies, including both pharmaceutical and high-tech ones, also made significant contributions. Additionally, this paper thoroughly discussed the evolution and research frontiers of AIDD, which were uncovered through co-occurrence analyses of keywords using VOSviewer. Our findings highlight that AIDD is an interdisciplinary and promising research field that has the potential to revolutionize drug discovery. The comprehensive overview provided here will be of significant interest to researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers in related fields. The results emphasize the need for continued investment and collaboration in AIDD to accelerate drug discovery, reduce costs, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu He
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Henry H Y Tong
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Wai Ming To
- Faculty of Business, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
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Wang JL, Liu MS, Fu YD, Kan QB, Li CY, Ma R, Fang ZW, Liu HX, Li MX, Lv JL, Sang P, Zhang C, Li HW. Exploring the conformational dynamics and thermodynamics of EGFR S768I and G719X + S768I mutations in non-small cell lung cancer: An in silico approaches. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220768. [PMID: 38035047 PMCID: PMC10685407 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often driven by mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. However, rare mutations such as G719X and S768I lack standard anti-EGFR targeted therapies. Understanding the structural differences between wild-type EGFR and these rare mutants is crucial for developing EGFR-targeted drugs. We performed a systematic analysis using molecular dynamics simulations, essential dynamics (ED), molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area, and free energy calculation methods to compare the kinetic properties, molecular motion, and free energy distribution between wild-type EGFR and the rare mutants' structures G719X-EGFR, S768I-EGFR, and G719X + S768I-EGFR. Our results showed that S768I-EGFR and G719X + S768I-EGFR have higher global and local conformational flexibility and lower thermal and global structural stability than WT-EGFR. ED analysis revealed different molecular motion patterns between S768I-EGFR, G719X + S768I-EGFR, and WT-EGFR. The A-loop and αC-helix, crucial structural elements related to the active state, showed a tendency toward active state development, providing a molecular mechanism explanation for NSCLC caused by EGFR S768I and EGFR G719C + S768I mutations. The present study may be helpful in the development of new EGFR-targeted drugs based on the structure of rare mutations. Our findings may aid in developing new targeted treatments for patients with EGFR S768I and EGFR G719X + S768I mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Liu
- Department of Urological Surgery, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Yu-Dong Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Qiang-Bo Kan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Zhe-Wei Fang
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Hong-Xia Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Meng-Xian Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Jia-Ling Lv
- Department of Oncology, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Peng Sang
- School of Life Science, Dali University, Dali671003, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital, Qujing655000, China
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Li L, Huang S, Qin L, Yan N, Shen S, Li X. Successful treatment of lung adenocarcinoma complicated with a rare compound EGFR mutation L833V/H835L using aumolertinib: a case report and literature review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1257592. [PMID: 37719840 PMCID: PMC10499621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1257592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The deletion of exon 19 and the Leu858Arg mutation of exon 21 are the most frequently observed mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, and patients with these mutations have shown significant benefits from EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, there exists a small subgroup of patients with uncommon/rare mutations of EGFR, including compound mutations, which display a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of clinical features and variable sensitivities to EGFR-TKIs. The understanding of these uncommon mutations and their response to targeted therapy is still unclear and requires further investigation. Case presentation: We presented a case of a never-smoking patient with lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastasis. Initially, she received chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitor as first-line therapy as no EGFR mutations were detected by amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. However, disease progressed rapidly. Subsequently, next-generation sequencing was carried out and revealed a rare compound mutation, L833V/H835L, in exon 21 of EGFR. As a result, she was switched to second-line therapy with the third-generation TKI aumolertinib, which demonstrated good efficacy. The patient was evaluated for a remarkable progression-free survival of 18 months and an overall survival of 29 months. Conclusion: The present study supports that aumolertinib might be a good treatment option for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR L833V/H835L mutation, particularly in patients with brain metastasis. Furthermore, conducting a comprehensive screening for gene mutations is crucial in effectively identifying potential oncogenic driver mutations and guiding mutation-targeted therapy decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liying Qin
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningning Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujing Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingya Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Biochemical and structural basis for differential inhibitor sensitivity of EGFR with distinct exon 19 mutations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6791. [PMID: 36357385 PMCID: PMC9649653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used to treat non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) driven by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). TKI responses vary across tumors driven by the heterogeneous group of exon 19 deletions and mutations, but the molecular basis for these differences is not understood. Using purified TKDs, we compared kinetic properties of several exon 19 variants. Although unaltered for the second generation TKI afatinib, sensitivity varied significantly for both the first and third generation TKIs erlotinib and osimertinib. The most sensitive variants showed reduced ATP-binding affinity, whereas those associated with primary resistance retained wild type ATP-binding characteristics (and low KM, ATP). Through crystallographic and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) studies, we identify possible origins for the altered ATP-binding affinity underlying TKI sensitivity and resistance, and propose a basis for classifying uncommon exon 19 variants that may have predictive clinical value.
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