1
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Boczar D, Michalska K. A Review of Machine Learning and QSAR/QSPR Predictions for Complexes of Organic Molecules with Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2024; 29:3159. [PMID: 38999108 PMCID: PMC11243237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are macrocyclic rings composed of glucose residues. Due to their remarkable structural properties, they can form host-guest inclusion complexes, which is why they are frequently used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, as well as in environmental and analytical chemistry. This review presents the reports from 2011 to 2023 on the quantitative structure-activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) approach, which is primarily employed to predict the thermodynamic stability of inclusion complexes. This article extensively discusses the significant developments related to the size of available experimental data, the available sets of descriptors, and the machine learning (ML) algorithms used, such as support vector machines, random forests, artificial neural networks, and gradient boosting. As QSAR/QPR analysis only requires molecular structures of guests and experimental values of stability constants, this approach may be particularly useful for predicting these values for complexes with randomly substituted cyclodextrins, as well as for estimating their dependence on pH. This work proposes solutions on how to effectively use this knowledge, which is especially important for researchers who will deal with this topic in the future. This review also presents other applications of ML in relation to CD complexes, including the prediction of physicochemical properties of CD complexes, the development of analytical methods based on complexation with CDs, and the optimisation of experimental conditions for the preparation of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Boczar
- Department of Synthetic Drugs, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalska
- Department of Synthetic Drugs, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Huang J, Wang X, Huang T, Yang Y, Tu J, Zou J, Yang H, Yang R. Application of sodium sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin based on encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121985. [PMID: 38494236 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Sodium Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) is a derivative of β-cyclodextrin, characterized by its stereo structure, which closely resembles a truncated cone with a hydrophobic internal cavity. The solubility of insoluble substances within the hydrophobic cavity is significantly enhanced, reducing contact between the guest and the environment. Consequently, SBE-β-CD is frequently employed as a co-solvent and stabilizer. As the research progresses, it has been observed that the inclusion of SBE-β-CD is reversible and competitive. Besides, some inclusion complexes undergo distinct physicochemical property alterations compared to the guests. Additionally, certain guests exhibit varying inclusions with SBE-β-CD at different concentrations. These features have contributed to the expanding applications. SBE-β-CD finds widespread application in pharmaceutics as a protective agent and pKa regulator, in pharmaceutical analysis as a chiral substance separator, and in biomedical engineering for encapsulating dyes and modifying sensors. The article will elaborate in detail on the physicochemical properties of SBE-β-CD, encapsulation principles, and factors influencing the formation of inclusion complexes. Furthermore, the review focuses on the application of SBE-β-CD through encapsulation in pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical analysis, and biomedical engineering. Finally, the prospects and potential applications of SBE-β-CD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Huang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Zou
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huiying Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, National Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Beijing 100050, China.
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3
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Xiao Z, Yu P, Sun P, Kang Y, Niu Y, She Y, Zhao D. Inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin with isomeric ester aroma compounds: Preparation, characterization, mechanism study, and controlled release. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121977. [PMID: 38494230 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been discovered to provide an efficient solution to the limited application of ester aroma molecules used in food, tobacco, and medication due to their strong smell and unstable storage. This work combined molecular modeling and experimental to analyze the conformation and controlled release of isomeric ester aroma compounds/β-CD inclusion complexes (ICs). The investigation revealed that ester aroma compounds could be effectively encapsulated within the β-CD cavity, forming ICs with low binding affinity. Furthermore, the key driving forces in ICs were identified as hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions through theoretical simulation. Results from the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments confirmed the intermolecular interaction predicted by the molecular model. Notably, the release rate of aroma compounds from L-menthyl acetate/β-CD (LMA/β-CD) IC exceeded that of terpinyl acetate/β-CD (TA/β-CD) IC. This difference is attributed to the length of the chain of aroma molecules and the variation in the position of functional groups, influencing the stable formation of ICs with β-CD. These findings hold potential implications for refining the application of ICs across diverse industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peiran Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Pingli Sun
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yanxiang Kang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yuanbin She
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
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4
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Ferrero R, Pantaleone S, Gho CI, Hoti G, Trotta F, Brunella V, Corno M. Unveiling the synergy: a combined experimental and theoretical study of β-cyclodextrin with melatonin. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4004-4017. [PMID: 38568714 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02795c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a vital hormone controlling biorhythms, and optimizing its release in the human body is crucial. To address MT's unfavorable pharmacokinetics, we explored the inclusion complexes of MT with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Nano spray drying was applied to efficiently synthesize these complexes in three molar ratios (MT : β-CD = 1 : 1, 2 : 1, and 1 : 2), reducing reagent use and expediting inclusion. The complex powders were characterized through thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro MT release measurements via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In parallel, computational studies were conducted, examining the stability of MT : β-CD complexes by means of unbiased semi-empirical conformational searches refined by DFT, which produced a distribution of MT : β-CD binding enthalpies. Computational findings highlighted that these complexes are stabilized by specific hydrogen bonds and non-specific dispersive forces, with stronger binding in the 1 : 1 complex, which was corroborated by in vitro release data. Furthermore, the alignment between simulated and experimental FTIR spectra demonstrated the quality of both the structural model and computational methodology, which was crucial to enhance our comprehension of optimizing MT's release for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ferrero
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pantaleone
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Irene Gho
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Gjylije Hoti
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Valentina Brunella
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marta Corno
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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5
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Aree T. Supramolecular assemblies of citalopram and escitalopram in β-cyclodextrin dimeric cavity: Crystallographic and theoretical insights. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121771. [PMID: 38286546 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) encapsulation improves physicochemical and pharmacological properties of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are efficacious in treating depression, a global mental health problem. Here, we scrutinize β-CD inclusion complexes with racemate citalopram (rac-CTP; 1) and escitalopram ((S)-CTP; 2) by combined single-crystal X-ray diffraction and DFT full-geometry optimization. X-ray analysis unveiled that the 2:2 inclusion complexes of 1 and 2 with similar inclusion modes and topologies are stabilized by various intermolecular interactions of host-guest CH···π, host-host OH···O H-bonds, and guest-guest F···F in the tail-to-tail dimeric asymmetric unit. In the crystals, these dimers are stacked on top of each other, yielding similar channel structures of distinct crystal symmetries, triclinic, P1 (1) and monoclinic, P21 (2), which are further maintained by guest-guest π···π and CN···π interactions. The thermodynamic stabilities evaluated by DFT calculation indicate the vital role of weak intermolecular interactions in the formation and stabilization of the β-CD monomeric and dimeric inclusion complexes. This study provides crystallographic and theoretical evidence for the improved stability and the masked bitterness of CTP through β-CD encapsulation as patented previously and suggests the pharmaceutical implications in the drug delivery and enantioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thammarat Aree
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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6
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Kraszni M, Balogh B, Mándity I, Horváth P. Advantages of Induced Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Solution-Phase Cyclodextrin Host-Guest Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:412. [PMID: 38203583 PMCID: PMC10779089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of a chiral or chirally perturbed chromophore in the molecule under investigation is a fundamental requirement for the appearance of a circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. For native and for most of the substituted cyclodextrins, this condition is not applicable, because although chiral, cyclodextrins lack a chromophore group and therefore have no characteristic CD spectra over 220 nm. The reason this method can be used is that if the guest molecule has a chromophore group and this is in the right proximity to the cyclodextrin, it becomes chirally perturbed. As a result, the complex will now provide a CD signal, and this phenomenon is called induced circular dichroism (ICD). The appearance of the ICD spectrum is clear evidence of the formation of the complex, and the spectral sign and intensity is a good predictor of the structure of the complex. By varying the concentration of cyclodextrin, the ICD signal changes, resulting in a saturation curve, and from these data, the stability constant can be calculated for a 1:1 complex. This article compares ICD and NMR spectroscopic and molecular modeling results of cyclodextrin complexes of four model compounds: nimesulide, fenbufen, fenoprofen, and bifonazole. The results obtained by the different methods show good agreement, and the structures estimated from the ICD spectra are supported by NMR data and molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Kraszni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 9, 1092 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Balázs Balogh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (I.M.)
| | - István Mándity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre utca 9, 1092 Budapest, Hungary;
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Pantaleone S, Gho CI, Ferrero R, Brunella V, Corno M. Exploration of the Conformational Scenario for α-, β-, and γ-Cyclodextrins in Dry and Wet Conditions, from Monomers to Crystal Structures: A Quantum-Mechanical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16826. [PMID: 38069149 PMCID: PMC10706634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) constitute a class of cyclic oligosaccharides that are well recognized and largely applied in the drug delivery field, thanks to their biocompatibility, low cost, and the possibility to be derivatized in order to tune and optimize the complexation/release of the specific drug. The conformational flexibility of these systems is one of their key properties and requires a cost-effective methodology to be studied by combining the accuracy of results with the possibility of exploring a large set of conformations. In the present paper, we have explored the conformational potential energy surface of the monomers and dimers of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (i.e., 6, 7, and 8 monomeric units, respectively) by means of fast but accurate semiempirical methods, which are then refined by state-of-the-art DFT functionals. Moreover, the crystal structure is considered for a more suitable comparison with the IR spectrum experimentally recorded. Calculations are carried out in the gas phase and in water environments, applying both implicit and explicit treatments. We show that the conformation of the studied molecules changes from the gas phase to the water, even if treated implicitly, thus modifying their complexation capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marta Corno
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (S.P.); (C.I.G.); (R.F.); (V.B.)
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8
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Sarabia-Vallejo Á, Caja MDM, Olives AI, Martín MA, Menéndez JC. Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Improved Drug Bioavailability and Activity: Synthetic and Analytical Aspects. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2345. [PMID: 37765313 PMCID: PMC10534465 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many active pharmaceutical ingredients show low oral bioavailability due to factors such as poor solubility and physical and chemical instability. The formation of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins, as well as cyclodextrin-based polymers, nanosponges, and nanofibers, is a valuable tool to improve the oral bioavailability of many drugs. The microencapsulation process modifies key properties of the included drugs including volatility, dissolution rate, bioavailability, and bioactivity. In this context, we present relevant examples of the stabilization of labile drugs through the encapsulation in cyclodextrins. The formation of inclusion complexes with drugs belonging to class IV in the biopharmaceutical classification system as an effective solution to increase their bioavailability is also discussed. The stabilization and improvement in nutraceuticals used as food supplements, which often have low intestinal absorption due to their poor solubility, is also considered. Cyclodextrin-based nanofibers, which are polymer-free and can be generated using environmentally friendly technologies, lead to dramatic bioavailability enhancements. The synthesis of chemically modified cyclodextrins, polymers, and nanosponges based on cyclodextrins is discussed. Analytical techniques that allow the characterization and verification of the formation of true inclusion complexes are also considered, taking into account the differences in the procedures for the formation of inclusion complexes in solution and in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Sarabia-Vallejo
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María del Mar Caja
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana I. Olives
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - M. Antonia Martín
- Unidad de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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9
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Araj SK, Szeleszczuk Ł. A Review on Cyclodextrins/Estrogens Inclusion Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108780. [PMID: 37240133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the methods of preparation and biological, physiochemical, and theoretical analysis of the inclusion complexes formed between estrogens and cyclodextrins (CDs). Because estrogens have a low polarity, they can interact with some cyclodextrins' hydrophobic cavities to create inclusion complexes, if their geometric properties are compatible. For the last forty years, estrogen-CD complexes have been widely applied in several fields for various objectives. For example, CDs have been used as estrogen solubilizers and absorption boosters in pharmaceutical formulations, as well as in chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures for their separation and quantification. Other applications include the removal of the endocrine disruptors from environmental materials, the preparation of the samples for mass spectrometric analysis, or solid-phase extractions based on complex formation with CDs. The aim of this review is to gather the most important outcomes from the works related to this topic, presenting the results of synthesis, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kamil Araj
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Mazurek AH, Szeleszczuk Ł, Bethanis K, Christoforides E, Dudek MK, Zielińska-Pisklak M, Pisklak DM. 17-β-Estradiol-β-Cyclodextrin Complex as Solid: Synthesis, Structural and Physicochemical Characterization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093747. [PMID: 37175157 PMCID: PMC10180119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
17-β-estradiol (EST) is the most potent form of naturally occurring estrogens; therefore, it has found a wide pharmaceutical application. The major problem associated with the use of EST is its very low water solubility, resulting in poor oral bioavailability. To overcome this drawback, a complexation with cyclodextrins (CD) has been suggested as a solution. In this work, the host-guest inclusion complex between the ß-CD and EST has been prepared using four different methods. The obtained samples have been deeply characterized using 13C CP MAS solid state NMR, PXRD, FT-IR, TGA, DSC, and SEM. Using SCXRD, the crystal structure of the complex has been determined, being to the best of our knowledge the first solved crystal structure of an estrogen/CD complex. The periodic DFT calculations of NMR properties using GIPAW were found to be particularly helpful in the analysis of disorder in the solid state and interpretation of experimental NMR results. This work highlights the importance of a combined ssNMR/SCXRD approach to studying the structure of the inclusion complexes formed by cyclodextrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helena Mazurek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 81 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kostas Bethanis
- Laboratory of Physics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Christoforides
- Laboratory of Physics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Marta Katarzyna Dudek
- Structural Studies Department, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112 Str., 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Monika Zielińska-Pisklak
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomaterials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Maciej Pisklak
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Influence of β-Cyclodextrin Methylation on Host-Guest Complex Stability: A Theoretical Study of Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions as Well as Host Dimer Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062625. [PMID: 36985598 PMCID: PMC10054123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the non-covalent interactions in host-guest complexes is crucial to their stability, design and applications. Here, we use density functional theory to compare the ability of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) to encapsulate the model guest phenol. For both macrocycles, we quantify the intramolecular interactions before and after the formation of the complex, as well as the intermolecular host-guest and host-host dimer interactions. These are individually classified as van der Waals interactions or hydrogen bonds, respectively. The results show a stronger intramolecular binding energy of β-CD, with the absolute difference being −5.53 kcal/mol relative to DM-β-CD. Consequently, the intermolecular interactions of both cyclodextrins with phenol are affected, such that the free binding energy calculated for the DM-β-CD/phenol complex (−5.23 kcal/mol) is ≈50% more negative than for the complex with β-CD (−2.62 kcal/mol). The latter is in excellent agreement with the experimental data (−2.69 kcal/mol), which validates the level of theory (B97-3c) used. Taken together, the methylation of β-CD increases the stability of the host-guest complex with the here studied guest phenol through stronger van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds. We attribute this to the disruption of the hydrogen bond network in the primary face of β-CD upon methylation, which influences the flexibility of the host toward the guest as well as the strength of the intermolecular interactions. Our work provides fundamental insights into the impact of different non-covalent interactions on host-guest stability, and we suggest that this theoretical framework can be adapted to other host-guest complexes to evaluate and quantify their non-covalent interactions.
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12
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Mazurek AH, Szeleszczuk Ł. A Review of Applications of Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) for the Analysis of Cyclodextrin-Including Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043648. [PMID: 36835054 PMCID: PMC9963175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins, cyclic oligosaccharides composed of five or more α-D-glucopyranoside units linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds, are widely used both in their native forms as well as the components of more sophisticated materials. Over the last 30 years, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) has been used to characterize cyclodextrins (CDs) and CD-including systems, such as host-guest complexes or even more sophisticated macromolecules. In this review, the examples of such studies have been gathered and discussed. Due to the variety of possible ssNMR experiments, the most common approaches have been presented to provide the overview of the strategies employed to characterize those useful materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helena Mazurek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 81 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-501-255-121
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Anconi CPA, Souza LCA. Multi-equilibrium approach to study cyclodextrins host–guest systems with GFN2-xTB quantum method: A case study of phosphorothioates included in β-cyclodextrin. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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