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Jiang H, Li X, Fan Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Yu P. The acute toxic effect of Chinese medicine Fuzi is exacerbated in kidney yang deficiency mice due to metabolic difference. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118036. [PMID: 38460575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The proper application of toxic medicines is one of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines, and the use of traditional Chinese medicines follows the principle of dialectical treatment. It is necessary to combine different "syndrome" or "disease" states with the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines to form a reliable toxicity evaluation system. Fuzi, the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx, is recognized as a panacea for kidney yang deficiency syndrome, however, its toxic effects significantly limit its clinical application. AIM OF THE STUDY Herein, our research aimed to explore the toxic effects of Fuzi on syndrome models, and tried to reveal the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the mouse model of kidney yang deficiency syndrome was established through intramuscular injection of 25 mg/kg hydrocortisone per day for 10 consecutive days. Then, the acute toxicity of Fuzi in normal mice and kidney yang deficiency model mice was explored. Finally, the plasma metabolite concentrations and liver CYP3A4 enzyme activity were analyzed to reveal the possible mechanisms of the different pharmacological and toxicological effects of Fuzi in individuals with different physical constitutions. RESULTS It was found that the treatment with Fuzi (138 g/kg) had serious toxic effects on kidney yang deficiency mice, leading to the death of 80% of the mice, whereas it showed no lethal toxicity in normal mice. This indicates that Fuzi induced greater toxicity in kidney yang deficiency mice than in normal ones. The liver CYP3A4 enzyme activity in kidney yang deficiency mice was decreased by 20% compared to the controls, resulting in slower metabolism of the toxic diester diterpenoid alkaloids in Fuzi. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study showed that changes of the metabolic enzyme activity in individuals with different syndromes led to different toxic effects of Chinese medicines, emphasizing the crucial importance of considering individual physical syndromes in the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine, and the significance of conducting safety evaluations and dose predictions on animal models with specific syndromes for traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yiyi Xie
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Peilin Yu
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Chen F, Wang Z, Luo L, He Y, Ma Y, Wen C, Wang X, Shen X. Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of crassicauline A, fuziline, karacoline, and songorine in rat plasma and application in their pharmacokinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5821. [PMID: 38217347 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for quantifying the levels of crassicauline A, fuziline, karacoline, and songorine in rat plasma. After processing the rat plasma, the proteins in the plasma were separated by extracting the analytes with acetonitrile-methanol (9:1, v/v). The chromatographic column used was the UPLC HSS T3 column, and the mobile phase (methanol-water with 0.1% formic acid) under a gradient elution profile was used to separate the four compounds, with elution times for each analyte being less than 5 min. Electrospray ionization in positive-ion mode and operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantitative analysis. Crassicauline A, fuziline, karacoline, and songorine were administered to 48 rats (n = 6 per group) orally (5 mg/kg) and intravenously (0.5 mg/kg). The standard curves demonstrated excellent linearity in the range of 1-2500 ng/mL, wherein all r values were greater than 0.99. The UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of crassicauline A, fuziline, karacoline, and songorine in rat plasma was successfully applied in determining their pharmacokinetics parameters, from which their oral bioavailabilities were calculated to be 18.7%, 4.3%, 6.0%, and 8.4%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lvqi Luo
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifan He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yizhe Ma
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiuwei Shen
- Ruian People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Kakkar RA, Haneen MA, Parida AC, Sharma G. The known, unknown, and the intriguing about members of a critically endangered traditional medicinal plant genus Aconitum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139215. [PMID: 37575934 PMCID: PMC10421671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Humanity will always be indebted to plants. In the ongoing scientific era, the 'Herbal Revolution' has helped discover several valuable medicinal plants and associated novel secondary metabolites from the diverse unexplored ecosystems, treating several diseases via phytotherapy. The Aconitum genus comprises several economically-important poisonous mountainous medicinal plant species whose unique biodiversity is on the verge of extinction due to illegal human intervention triggered habitat loss, over-harvesting, and unrestricted trading. Owing to its vast diversity of diterpene alkaloids, most species are extensively used to treat several ailments in rural parts of the world. Irrespective of this, many unexplored and intriguing prospects exist to understand and utilize this critical plant for human benefit. This systematic review tries to fill this gap by compiling information from the sporadically available literature known for ~300 Aconitum spp. regarding its nomenclature and classification, endangerment, plant morphology, ploidy, secondary metabolites, drug pharmacokinetics, conservation, and omics-based computational studies. We also depicted the disparity in the studied model organisms for this diverse genus. The absence of genomic/metagenomic data is becoming a limiting factor in understanding its plant physiology, metabolic pathways, and plant-microbes interactions, and therefore must be promoted. Additionally, government support and public participation are crucial in establishing conservation protocols to save this plant from endangerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mariam Azeezuddin Haneen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
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Jin X, Cheng J, Zhang Q, Ji H, Zhu C, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Yu G, Wang C, Tang Z. Aconitine - A promising candidate for treating cold and mechanical allodynia in cancer induced bone pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114284. [PMID: 36868017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients suffering from cancer induced bone pain (CIBP) have a poor quality of life that is exacerbated by the lack of effective therapeutic drugs. Monkshood is a flowering plant that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine where it has been used to relieve cold pain. Aconitine is the active component of monkshood, but the molecular mechanism for how this compound reduces pain is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we employed molecular and behavioral experiments to explore the analgesic effect of aconitine. We observed aconitine alleviated cold hyperalgesia and AITC (allyl-isothiocyanate, TRPA1 agonist) induced pain. Interestingly, we found aconitine directly inhibits TRPA1 activity in calcium imaging studies. More importantly, we found aconitine alleviated cold and mechanical allodynia in CIBP mice. Both the activity and expression of TRPA1 in L4 and L5 DRG (Dorsal Root Ganglion) neurons were reduced with the treatment of aconitine in the CIBP model. Moreover, we observed aconiti radix (AR) and aconiti kusnezoffii radix (AKR), both components of monkshood that contain aconitine, alleviated cold hyperalgesia and AITC induced pain. Furthermore, both AR and AKR alleviated CIBP induced cold allodynia and mechanical allodynia. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, aconitine alleviates both cold and mechanical allodynia in cancer induced bone pain via the regulation of TRPA1. This research on the analgesic effect of aconitine in cancer induced bone pain highlights a component of a traditional Chinese medicine may have clinical applications for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jin
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiafei Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiwang Ji
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chan Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guang Yu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Changming Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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