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Tomar A, Yamini, Gupta RR, Choudhary MK, Sachar S, Mehta SK, Sharma S. Discrimination and analytical profiling of colored printed documents using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with explorative and predictive statistical analysis: Part I. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 322:124839. [PMID: 39029200 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Printed documents are a common form of evidence in forensic document examination. The integration of spectroscopy with chemometrics have evolved evidential analytical interpretation of printing inks. However, we report the first ever study that explores the examination of both black and colored printed documents combined with explorative Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and supervised techniques viz. Soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) and Partial Least Square- Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The study investigated 74 (40 Ink-based and 34 Toner- based) colored printed document samples using ATR-FTIR to discriminate and determine the source of origin of an unknown printed document using a non-destructive approach. Qualitative analysis by ATR- FTIR indicated the presence of polystyrene, bisphenol A and acrylates as the common binder polymers in the samples. The study was also able to obtain pigment information like presence of PR 57 and PR 146 in magenta, Carbon black in black, Copper Phthalocyanine and PB 15 in Cyan and PY 74 in yellow colored printed samples. Further, PCA has been used as an explorative technique that showed a variance of 97 % in the dataset and indicating that the color Cyan contributes to the maximum classification accuracy. SIMCA has been used as a supervised method to classify the known and test samples to their respective defined classes. However, SIMCA could only classify Toner-based samples in their respective class and inconclusive results were obtained in case of Ink-based samples. Finally, PLS-DA was also used to classify the two class of samples which resulted in a discrimination accuracy of 98.6 %. The derived model was also used for validation study on blind test samples which provided 100 % classification results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Tomar
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Yamini
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Reeta R Gupta
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, CBI, New Delhi 110003, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Choudhary
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak National College, Ludhiana, Punjab 141421, India
| | - Shilpee Sachar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; University of Ladakh, Ladakh, (UT) 194101, India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Merelli V, Caccia G, Mazzarelli D, Franceschetti L, Paciello O, Bonizzoni L, Caccianiga M, Campobasso C, Cattaneo C. Skin surface debris as an archive of environmental traces: an investigation through the naked eye, episcopic microscope, ED-XRF, and SEM-EDX. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:123-137. [PMID: 37227490 PMCID: PMC10772008 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Traces from bodies can be of various nature, for example of biological or inorganic origin. Some of these historically have received more consideration than others in forensic practice. Samplings of gunshot residues or biological fluid traces are commonly standardized, whereas macroscopically invisible environmental traces are usually ignored. This paper simulated the interaction between a cadaver and a crime scene by placing skin samples on the ground of five different workplaces and inside the trunk of a car. Traces on samples were then investigated through different approaches: the naked eye, episcopic microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF). The purpose is to provide the forensic scientist with the awareness of the value of debris on skin and then to highlight implications for forensic investigations. Results demonstrated that even naked eye observation can reveal useful trace materials, for defining the possible surrounding environment. As a next step, the episcopic microscope can increase the number of visible particulates and their analysis. In parallel, the ED-XRF spectroscopy can be useful to add a first chemical composition to the morphological data. Finally, the SEM-EDX analysis on small samples can provide the greatest morphological detail and the most complete chemical analysis, although limited, like the previous technique, to inorganic matrices. The analysis of debris on the skin, even with the difficulties due to the presence of contaminants, can provide information on the environments involved in criminal events that can add to the investigation framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Merelli
- Labanof (Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Caccia
- Labanof (Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi Della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Debora Mazzarelli
- Labanof (Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- Labanof (Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria E Produzioni Animali, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Bonizzoni
- Dipartimento Di Fisica Aldo Pontremoli, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento Di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Campobasso
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi Della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- Labanof (Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Weber A, Hoplight B, Ogilvie R, Muro C, Khandasammy SR, Pérez-Almodóvar L, Sears S, Lednev IK. Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application. Anal Chem 2023; 95:167-205. [PMID: 36625116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States.,SupreMEtric LLC, 7 University Pl. B210, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Bailey Hoplight
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Rhilynn Ogilvie
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Claire Muro
- New York State Police Forensic Investigation Center, Building #30, Campus Access Rd., Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Shelby R Khandasammy
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Luis Pérez-Almodóvar
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Samuel Sears
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States.,SupreMEtric LLC, 7 University Pl. B210, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
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Development of the Microemulsion Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Method for the Analysis of Disperse Dyes Extracted from Polyester Fibers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206974. [PMID: 36296566 PMCID: PMC9609498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a method for the separation of dispersed dyes extracted from polyester fibers. Nine commercially available disperse dyes, which were used to dye three polyester fabrics, were tested. Extraction of dyes from 1 cm long threads was carried out in chlorobenzene at 100 °C for 6 h. The separation was performed using microemulsion electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEEKC) with photodiode array detection. Microemulsion based on a borate buffer with an organic phase of n-octane and butanol and a mixture of surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium cholate, were used. The addition of isopropanol and cyclodextrins to microemulsion resulted in a notable improvement in resolution and selectivity. The content of additives was optimized by using the Doehlert experimental design. Values of the coefficient of variance obtained in the validation process, illustrating the repeatability and intermediate precision of the migration times fit in the range of 0.11–1.24% and 0.58–3.21%, respectively. The developed method was also successfully applied to the differentiation of 28 real samples—polyester threads collected from clothing. The obtained results confirmed that proposed method may be used in the discriminant analysis of polyesters dying by disperse dyes and is promisingly employable in forensic practice.
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