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Yu L, Xia A, Hao Y, Li W, He X, Xing C, Shang Z, Zhang Y. COF-SiO 2@Fe 3O 4 Composite for Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Pyrethroid Pesticides in Vegetables. Molecules 2024; 29:2311. [PMID: 38792172 PMCID: PMC11123868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs) have found widespread application in agriculture for the protection of fruit and vegetable crops. Nonetheless, excessive usage or improper application may allow the residues to exceed the safe limits and pose a threat to consumer safety. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop efficient technologies for the elimination or trace detection of PYRs from vegetables. Here, a simple and efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) strategy was developed for the simultaneous purification and enrichment of five PYRs in vegetables, employing the magnetic covalent organic framework nanomaterial COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 as an adsorbent. COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 was prepared by a straightforward solvothermal method, using Fe3O4 as a magnetic core and benzidine and 3,3,5,5-tetraaldehyde biphenyl as the two building units. COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 could effectively capture the targeted PYRs by virtue of its abundant π-electron system and hydroxyl groups. The impact of various experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency was investigated to optimize the MSPE conditions, including the adsorbent amount, extraction time, elution solvent type and elution time. Subsequently, method validation was conducted under the optimal conditions in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Within the range of 5.00-100 μg·kg-1 (1.00-100 μg·kg-1 for bifenthrin and 2.5-100 μg·kg-1 for fenpropathrin), the five PYRs exhibited a strong linear relationship, with determination coefficients ranging from 0.9990 to 0.9997. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.3-1.5 μg·kg-1, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.9-4.5 μg·kg-1. The recoveries were 80.2-116.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 7.0%. Finally, COF-SiO2@Fe3O4, NH2-SiO2@Fe3O4 and Fe3O4 were compared as MSPE adsorbents for PYRs. The results indicated that COF-SiO2@Fe3O4 was an efficient and rapid selective adsorbent for PYRs. This method holds promise for the determination of PYRs in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
- Functional Polymer Materials R&D and Engineering Application Technology Innovation Center of Hebei, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Aiqing Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongchao Hao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Weitao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xu He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Cuijuan Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zan Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China; (A.X.); (Y.H.); (W.L.); (X.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.Z.)
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Picco CJ, Anjani QK, Donnelly RF, Larrañeta E. An isocratic RP-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of tizanidine and lidocaine: application to in vitro release studies of a subcutaneous implant. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:979-989. [PMID: 38165785 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01833d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Implantable devices have been widely investigated to improve the treatment of multiple diseases. Even with low drug loadings, these devices can achieve effective delivery and increase patient compliance by minimizing potential side effects, consequently enhancing the quality of life of the patients. Moreover, multi-drug products are emerging in the pharmaceutical field, capable of treating more than one ailment concurrently. Therefore, a simple analytical method is essential for detecting and quantifying different analytes used in formulation development and evaluation. Here, we present, for the first time, an isocratic method for tizanidine hydrochloride (TZ) and lidocaine (LD) loaded into a subcutaneous implant, utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a UV detector. These implants have the potential to treat muscular spasticity while providing pain relief for several days after implantation. Chromatographic separation of the two drugs was accomplished using a C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% TFA in water and MeOH in a 58 : 42 ratio, flowing at 0.7 ml min-1. The method exhibited specificity and robustness, providing accurate and precise results. It displayed linearity within the range of 0.79 to 100 μg ml-1, with an R2 value of 1 for the simultaneous analysis of TZ and LD. The developed method demonstrated selectivity, offering limits of detection and quantification of 0.16 and 0.49 μg ml-1 for TZ, and 0.30 and 0.93 μg ml-1 for LD, respectively. Furthermore, the solution containing both TZ and LD proved stable under various storage conditions. While this study applied the method to assess an implant device, it has broader applicability for analysing and quantifying the in vitro drug release of TZ and LD from diverse dosage forms in preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila J Picco
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Lascu A, Vlascici D, Birdeanu M, Epuran C, Fratilescu I, Fagadar-Cosma E. The Influence of the Nature of the Polymer Incorporating the Same A 3B Multifunctional Porphyrin on the Optical or Electrical Capacity to Recognize Procaine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17265. [PMID: 38139093 PMCID: PMC10743720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctionality of an A3B mixed-substituted porphyrin, namely 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-methylphenyl)porphyrin (5-COOH-3MPP), was proven due to its capacity to detect procaine by different methods, depending on the polymer matrix in which it is incorporated. The hybrid nanomaterial containing k-carrageenan and AuNPs (5-COOH-3MPP-k-carrageenan-AuNPs) was able to optically detect procaine in the concentration range from 5.76 × 10-6 M to 2.75 × 10-7 M, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.33 × 10-7 M. This method for the detection of procaine gave complementary results to the potentiometric one, which uses 5-COOH-3MPP as an electroactive material incorporated in a polyvinylchloride (PVC) membrane plasticized with o-NPOE. The detected concentration range by this ion-selective membrane electrode is wider (enlarged in the field of higher concentrations from 10-2 to 10-6 M), linearly dependent with a 53.88 mV/decade slope, possesses a detection limit of 7 × 10-7 M, a response time of 60 s, and has a certified stability for a working period of six weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Lascu
- Institute of Chemistry “Coriolan Dragulescu”, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.E.); (I.F.)
| | - Dana Vlascici
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, 4 Vasile Parvan Ave., 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Birdeanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Plautius Andronescu Street 1, 300224 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Camelia Epuran
- Institute of Chemistry “Coriolan Dragulescu”, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.E.); (I.F.)
| | - Ion Fratilescu
- Institute of Chemistry “Coriolan Dragulescu”, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.E.); (I.F.)
| | - Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma
- Institute of Chemistry “Coriolan Dragulescu”, Mihai Viteazu Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania; (A.L.); (C.E.); (I.F.)
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Guan X, Lu Q, Zhao X, Yan X, Zenobi R. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Anesthetics in Mice by Solid-Phase Microextraction: Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12470-12477. [PMID: 37560898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Local anesthetics, drugs that only affect a restricted area of the body, are widely used in daily clinical practice. Less studied but equally important is the distribution of local anesthetics inside organisms. Here, we present a rapid in situ testing method of drug distribution in various organs. The temporal and spatial distribution of anesthetics in mice was measured by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), thermal desorption (TD), and dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry. A coated SPME probe using a tungsten wire as the support covered with a carbonaceous material was prepared by a simple, low-cost flame method. An in-line structure of the inlet allows TD and DBDI to share the same capillary tube, which greatly improves the transmission efficiency. Nine kinds of anesthetics, such as lidocaine and dyclonine, were detected, and the limit of detection was determined to be as low as 13 pg/mL. In addition, the time-dependent distribution of drugs in mice organs was studied. We also found that macromolecules in organisms do not noticeably interfere with the detection. This method is convenient and efficient because it does not require tissue homogenates and allows direct in situ detection. Compared with the conventional analytical methods, this method is simple and rapid, works in situ, and allows microscale analysis of trace analytes in biological organisms with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instruments and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instruments and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Xiangxu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instruments and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instruments and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Discipline of Intelligent Instruments and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
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