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Mentzel P, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Günther J, Michel M, Krummenacher I, Wodyński A, Kaupp M, Braunschweig H, Lambert C. Structure and Photophysics of N-Tolanyl-phenochalcogenazines and their Radical Cations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303782. [PMID: 38293898 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The study focuses on the structural and photophysical characteristics of neutral and oxidized forms of N-tolanyl-phenochalcogenazines PZX-tolan with X=O, S, Se, and Te. X-ray crystal structure analyses show a pseudo-equatorial (pe) structure of the tolan substituent in the O, S, and Se dyads, while the Te dyad possesses a pseudo-axial (pa) structure. DFT calculations suggest the pe structure for O and S, and the pa structure for Se and Te as stable forms. Steady-state and femtosecond-time resolved optical spectroscopy in toluene solution indicate that the O and S dyads emit from a CT state, whereas the Se and Te dyads emit from a tolan-localized state. The T1 state is tolan-localized in all cases, showing phosphorescence at 77 K. The heavy atom effect of chalcogens induces intersystem crossing from S1 to Tx, resulting in a decreasing S1 lifetime from 2.1 ns to 0.42 ps. The T1 states possess potential for singlet oxygen sensitization with a high quantum yield (ca. 40 %) for the O, S, and Se dyads. Radical cations exhibit spin density primarily localized at the heterocycle. EPR measurements and quasirelativistic DFT calculations reveal a very strong g-tensor anisotropy, supporting the pe structure for the S and Se derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mentzel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Günther
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Ohsato H, Kawauchi K, Yamada S, Konno T. Diverse Synthetic Transformations Using 4-Bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and Its Applications in the Preparation of CF 2 CF 2 -Containing Sugars, Liquid Crystals, and Light-Emitting Materials. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300080. [PMID: 37140105 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules with fluoroalkylene scaffolds, especially a tetrafluoroethylene (CF2 CF2 ) moiety, in their molecular structures exhibit unique biological activities, or can be applied to functional materials such as liquid crystals and light-emitting materials. Although several methods for the syntheses of CF2 CF2 -containing organic molecules have been reported to date, they have been limited to methods using explosives and fluorinating agents. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop simple and efficient approaches to synthesize CF2 CF2 -containing organic molecules from readily available fluorinated substrates using carbon-carbon bond formation reactions. This personal account summarizes the simple and efficient transformation of functional groups at both ends of 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and discusses its synthetic applications to biologically active fluorinated sugars and functional materials, such as liquid crystals and light-emitting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Ohsato
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kawauchi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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Yamada S, Konno T. Development of Donor-π-Acceptor-Type Fluorinated Tolanes as Compact Condensed Phase Luminophores and Applications in Photoluminescent Liquid-Crystalline Molecules. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300094. [PMID: 37098883 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated tolanes, produced by introducing fluorine atoms into one of the aromatic rings of tolane, emitted almost no fluorescence in a solution state, but the fluorescence intensity increased dramatically in the crystalline state because of intermolecular H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonds. The photoluminescent (PL) colors depend on the molecular orbitals, dipole moments, and molecular aggregated structures can be varied by controlling terminal substituents along the major molecular axis. The introduction of a long alkoxy or semifluoroalkoxy unit as a flexible chain into the terminal positions along the major molecular axis induced the formation of a liquid-crystalline (LC) phase; fluorinated tolanes act both as luminophores and as mesogens, leading to the molecular design of new photoluminescent LC molecules (PLLCs). The results also indicated that a fluorinated tolane dimer, which consists of two fluorinated tolanes linked by a flexible alkylene spacer, also becomes a novel PLLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Yamada
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Konno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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Yamada S, Kataoka M, Yoshida K, Nagata M, Agou T, Fukumoto H, Konno T. Photophysical and thermophysical behavior of D-π-A-type fluorinated diphenylacetylenes bearing an alkoxy and an ethoxycarbonyl group at both longitudinal molecular terminals. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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