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Martínez-Ramírez J, Toldos-Torres M, Benayas E, Villar-Gómez N, Fernández-Méndez L, Espinosa FM, García R, Veintemillas-Verdaguer S, Morales MDP, Serrano MC. Hybrid hydrogels support neural cell culture development under magnetic actuation at high frequency. Acta Biomater 2024; 176:156-172. [PMID: 38281674 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The combination of hydrogels and magnetic nanoparticles, scarcely explored to date, offers a wide range of possibilities for innovative therapies. Herein, we have designed hybrid 3D matrices integrating natural polymers, such as collagen, chitosan (CHI) and hyaluronic acid (HA), to provide soft and flexible 3D networks mimicking the extracellular matrix of natural tissues, and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) that deliver localized heat when exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). First, colloidally stable nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic radius of ∼20 nm were synthesized and coated with either CHI (NPCHI) or HA (NPHA). Then, collagen hydrogels were homogeneously loaded with these coated-IONPs resulting in soft (E0 ∼ 2.6 kPa), biodegradable and magnetically responsive matrices. Polymer-coated IONPs in suspension preserved primary neural cell viability and neural differentiation even at the highest dose (0.1 mg Fe/mL), regardless of the coating, even boosting neuronal interconnectivity at lower doses. Magnetic hydrogels maintained high neural cell viability and sustained the formation of highly interconnected and differentiated neuronal networks. Interestingly, those hydrogels loaded with the highest dose of NPHA (0.25 mgFe/mg polymer) significantly impaired non-neuronal differentiation with respect to those with NPCHI. When evaluated under AMF, cell viability slightly diminished in comparison with control hydrogels magnetically stimulated, but not compared to their counterparts without stimulation. Neuronal differentiation under AMF was only affected on collagen hydrogels with the highest dose of NPHA, while non-neuronal differentiation regained control values. Taken together, NPCHI-loaded hydrogels displayed a superior performance, maybe benefited from their higher nanomechanical fluidity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogels and magnetic nanoparticles are undoubtedly useful biomaterials for biomedical applications. Nonetheless, the combination of both has been scarcely explored to date. In this study, we have designed hybrid 3D matrices integrating both components as promising magnetically responsive platforms for neural therapeutics. The resulting collagen scaffolds were soft (E0 ∼ 2.6 kPa) and biodegradable hydrogels with capacity to respond to external magnetic stimuli. Primary neural cells proved to grow on these substrates, preserving high viability and neuronal differentiation percentages even under the application of a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. Importantly, those hydrogels loaded with chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles displayed a superior performance, likely related to their higher nanomechanical fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martínez-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marta Toldos-Torres
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Esther Benayas
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Natalia Villar-Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Méndez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Francisco M Espinosa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ricardo García
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Del Puerto Morales
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Concepción Serrano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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Lee JH, Yang SB, Lee JH, Lim H, Lee S, Kang TB, Lim JH, Kim YJ, Park J. Doxorubicin covalently conjugated heparin displays anti-cancer activity as a self-assembled nanoparticle with a low-anticoagulant effect. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120930. [PMID: 37173028 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) member and well-known FDA-approved anticoagulant that has been widely used in the clinic for 100 years. It has also been evaluated in various fields for further clinical applications, such as in anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory therapy beyond its anticoagulant effect. Here, we sought to utilize heparin molecules as drug carriers by directly conjugating the anticancer drug doxorubicin to the carboxyl group of unfractionated heparin. Given the molecular action of doxorubicin in intercalating DNA, it is expected to be less effective when structurally combined with other molecules. However, by utilizing doxorubicin molecules to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), we found that the heparin-doxorubicin conjugates have significant cytotoxic ability to kill CT26 tumor cells with low anticoagulant activity. Several doxorubicin molecules were bound to heparin to provide sufficient cytotoxic capability and self-assembly ability due to their amphiphilic properties. The self-assembled formation of these nanoparticles was demonstrated through DLS, SEM and TEM. The cytotoxic ROS-generating doxorubicin-conjugated heparins could inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in CT26-bearing Balb/c animal models. Our results demonstrate that this cytotoxic doxorubicin-based heparin conjugate can significantly inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, thus showing promise as a potential new anti-cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Bin Yang
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuck Lee
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Lim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Bong Kang
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea.
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Bhattarai MK, Ashie MD, Dugu S, Subedi K, Bastakoti BP, Morell G, Katiyar RS. Block Copolymer-Assisted Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Effective Removal of Congo Red. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041914. [PMID: 36838902 PMCID: PMC9964741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized via a block copolymer-assisted hydrothermal method and the phase purity and the crystal structure were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffractometer spectra shows the hexagonal phase symmetry of α-Fe2O3. Further, the vibrational study suggests Raman active modes: 2A1g + 5Eg associated with α-Fe2O3, which corroborates the Rietveld analysis and orbital analysis of 2PFe. The superparamagnetic behavior is confirmed by magnetic measurements performed by the physical properties measurement system. The systematic study of the Congo red (CR) interaction with IONPs using a UV-visible spectrophotometer and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system equipped with a triple quadrupole mass analyzer and an electrospray ionization interface shows effective adsorption. In visible light, the Fe2O3 nanoparticles get easily excited and generate electrons and holes. The photogenerated electrons reduce the Fe3+ ions to Fe2+ ions. The Fe2+/H2O2 oxidizes CR by the Fenton mechanism. The strong adsorption ability of prepared nanoparticles towards dyes attributes the potential candidates for wastewater treatment and other catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan K. Bhattarai
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR 00936-8377, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.B.); (B.P.B.)
| | - Moses D. Ashie
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Sita Dugu
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR 00936-8377, USA
| | - Kiran Subedi
- Analytical Services Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Bishnu P. Bastakoti
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.B.); (B.P.B.)
| | - Gerardo Morell
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR 00936-8377, USA
| | - Ram S. Katiyar
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 70377, San Juan, PR 00936-8377, USA
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