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Sobh EA, Kassab AE, El-Khouly EA, S A Hassan M. New pyranopyrazole based derivatives: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation as potential topoisomerase II inhibitors, apoptotic inducers, and antiproliferative agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107158. [PMID: 38301427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A new series of pyranopyrazole-based derivatives were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were assessed for their cytotoxic efficacy against A549 human lung carcinoma and MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell lines. Three compounds (1b, 4b, and 7b) exhibited 1.3- to 2.3-fold more antiproliferative activity than that of doxorubicin against the A549 cell line. In comparison to doxorubicin, compounds 1d and 3b were 4.1- and 1.04-fold, respectively more powerful against MCF-7 cancer cells. All the synthesized compounds were found to be more selective toward A549 cancer cells than the normal human fibroblast BJ cells. Of interest, compounds 1b and 7b exhibited promising cytotoxicity and SIs of 27.72 and 25.30, respectively, towards A549 cancer cells, higher than that of doxorubicin (SI 4.81). The most potent compounds 1b, 1d, 3b, 4b, and 7b were then subjected to in vitro Topo II inhibition assay. They showed IC50 values in the range of 2.07 to 8.86 µM. Of particular interest, compound 7b (IC50 = 2.07 µM), exhibited higher Topo II inhibitory activity than that of doxorubicin (IC50 = 2.56 µM). The significant Topo II inhibition of compound 7b was explained by molecular docking simulations into the Topo II active site. Compound 7b halted the cell cycle in the S phase in A549 cancer cells. It induced total apoptosis and necrosis of 20.73- and 4-fold, respectively, greater than the control. This evidence was supported by a 3.59-fold increase in the level of apoptotic caspase-9 and a remarkable elevation of the Bax/BCL-2 ratio. The physiochemical parameters of compound 7b were aligned with Lipinski's rule of five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Sobh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Gamal Abd El-Nasir Street, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Eman A El-Khouly
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Egypt
| | - Marwa S A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Kasr El-Aini Street, 11562, Egypt
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Rząd K, Gabriel I, Paluszkiewicz E, Kuplińska A, Olszewski M, Chylewska A, Dąbrowska AM, Kozłowska-Tylingo K. Targeting yeast topoisomerase II by imidazo and triazoloacridinone derivatives resulting in their antifungal activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3594. [PMID: 38351313 PMCID: PMC10864382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens are considered as serious factors for deadly diseases and are a case of medical concern. Invasive fungal infections also complicate the clinical course of COVID-19, leading to a significant increase in mortality. Furthermore, fungal strains' multidrug resistance has increased the demand for antifungals with a different mechanism of action. The present study aimed to identify antifungal compounds targeting yeast topoisomerase II (yTOPOII) derived from well-known human topoisomerase II (hTOPOII) poisons C-1305 and C-1311. Two sets of derivatives: triazoloacridinones (IKE1-8) and imidazoacridinones (IKE9-14) were synthetized and evaluated with a specific emphasis on the molecular mechanism of action. Our results indicated that their effectiveness as enzyme inhibitors was not solely due to intercalation ability but also as a result of influence on catalytic activity by the formation of covalent complexes between plasmid DNA and yTOPOII. Lysine conjunction increased the strength of the compound's interaction with DNA and improved penetration into the fungal cells. Triazoloacridinone derivatives in contrast to starting compound C-1305 exhibited moderate antifungal activity and at least twice lower cytotoxicity. Importantly, compounds (IKE5-8) were not substrates for multidrug ABC transporters whereas a derivative conjugated with lysine (IKE7), showed the ability to overcome C. glabrata fluconazole-resistance (MIC 32-64 µg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Rząd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Iwona Gabriel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kuplińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Dąbrowska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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