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Román J, Lagos A, Mahn A, Quintero J. The Effect of Broccoli Glucosinolates Hydrolysis Products on Botrytis cinerea: A Potential New Antifungal Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7945. [PMID: 39063186 PMCID: PMC11277183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the interactions between eight glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GHPs) sourced from broccoli by-products and the detoxifying enzymes of Botrytis cinerea, namely eburicol 14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), through in silico analysis. Additionally, in vitro assays were conducted to explore the impact of these compounds on fungal growth. Our findings reveal that GHPs exhibit greater efficacy in inhibiting conidia germination compared to mycelium growth. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the antifungal activity of glucosinolate hydrolysis products derived from various parts of the broccoli plant, including inflorescences, leaves, and stems, against B. cinerea. Importantly, the results suggest that these hydrolysis products interact with the detoxifying enzymes of the fungus, potentially contributing to their antifungal properties. Extracts rich in GHPs, particularly iberin and indole-GHPs, derived from broccoli by-products emerge as promising candidates for biofungicidal applications, offering a sustainable and novel approach to plant protection by harnessing bioactive compounds from agricultural residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Román
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (J.Q.); Tel.: +56-412203822 (J.R.); +56-227181859 (J.Q.)
| | | | | | - Julián Quintero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago, Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (A.L.); (A.M.)
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T FX, R S, A K FR, S B, R K, M A, S V, S P, S A, K S, M T. Phytochemical composition, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic effects of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. leaves: in vitro and in silico assessments. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38180058 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen the chemical components of Solanum elaeagnifolium leaves and assess their therapeutic attributes with regard to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. The antidiabetic effects were explored to determine the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the leaf extract. To identify the active antidiabetic drugs from the extracts, the GC-MS-screened molecules were docked with diabetes-related proteins using the glide module in the Schrodinger Tool. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for 100 ns to evaluate the binding stability of the docked complex using the Desmond module. The ethyl acetate had a significant total phenolic content (TPC), with a value of 79.04 ± 0.98 mg/g GAE. The ethanol extract was tested for its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for its bacteriostatic properties. It suppressed the growth of B. subtilis, E. coli, P. vulgaris, R. equi and S. epidermis at a dosage of 118.75 µg/mL. Moreover, the IC50 values of the ethanol extract were determined to be 17.78 ± 2.38 in the α-amylase and and 27.90 ± 5.02 µg/mL in α-glucosidase. The in-silico investigation revealed that cyclolaudenol achieved docking scores of -7.94 kcal/mol for α-amylase. Likewise, the α-tocopherol achieved the docking scores of -7.41 kcal/mol for glycogen phosphorylase B and -7.21 kcal/mol for phosphorylase kinase. In the MD simulations, the cyclolaudenol and α-tocopherol complexes exhibited consistently stable affinities with diabetic proteins throughout the trajectory. Based on these findings, we conclude that this plant could be a good source for the development of novel antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Xavier T
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabitha R
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Freeda Rose A K
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balavivekananthan S
- Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kariyat R
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley, W University Dr, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ayyanar M
- PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayakumar S
- PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu S
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Amalraj S
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shine K
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thiruvengadam M
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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